...BOLIVIA (Happy Diwali , 2013) Itinerary Day one: Arrive early in La Paz, Bolivia explore the coca museum and the witches markets Day two: Take a day trip from La Paz to Lake Titicaca, the largest lake in South America, Island hop from Isla del Sol to Isla de Luna and see the birthplace of the sun and the moon Day three: Visit Sajama National Park to see the snowy volcano Sajama, a UNESCO World History Site Day four: Take the journey to Salar de Uyuni to visit the largest salt lake in the world Day five: Travel a little further south to Laguna Colorada a red tinged shallow salt lake to watch the sunset Day six: Travel to Potosi and take in the history, spend the night in the city of Sucre, the Capital of Bolivia Day seven: Head to Santa Cruz to end an amazing week in Bolivia Introduction Bolivia is a small South American country sharing borders with Peru, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Argentina. Bolivia along with many other South American countries can boast its diverse cultural aspects, in-depth history, amazing food and positive outlook on life! During my week trip to Bolivia I will immerse myself in as much culture, food and sightseeing as I can fit in. Through my chosen itinerary I will be able to get a true feeling for the magnificent sites, amazing sounds, and complete cultural background of the Bolivians. My week in Bolivia will start in La Paz and take me down to marvelous landscapes and extreme adventures lead me to Bolivia's...
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...International Business – Bolivia Lithium William Ratliff Tarleton State University Dr. Baeza BUSI 4344 International Business – Online The Scenario The main objective of this assignment is to watch a video clip and answer some of the main questions that are addressed in this particular assignment (Buckley, 2004). This entire video clip is focused on the country of Bolivia and lithium, one of its major natural resources. The salt flats of Bolivia are estimated to contain over six million tons of untapped lithium. According to the video clip, Bolivia is also the poorest country located on South American continent. The acute poverty results in certain issues that need to be addressed, thereby allowing Bolivia to grow into a prosperous nation. Analysis & Discussion What are the Main International Management Problem(s)? After viewing the video, it is found that the major problem lies in the poverty and lack of education of its people and the corruption of its politicians (Buckley, 2009). There are many reasons why other countries, both within and outside of the region, would not want to see Bolivia prosper and increase its financial potential. Many of Bolivia’s neighbors are economically stable and their strength grows yearly. On the other hand, Bolivia itself is going in the opposite direction i.e. the standard of living in this country is extremely low (Eun and Resnick, 2007). One of the biggest problems or issues associated with this managerial problem is the lack...
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...Bolivia Standing as only one of the two landlocked countries in South America, Bolivia contains some of the worlds most resourceful vegetation as well as remnants of ancient cultures. Although rich with natural resources, like most developing nations, poverty is a reality for a large majority of Bolivia. Along with having the challenge of being a developing region, Bolivia is landlocked. This, without a doubt, only adds to the difficult task the Bolivian economy faces. However, positive change is taking form in most third world regions of the earth. With everyday, more volunteer groups, private investments, and modern medicine aid countries like Bolivia with their domestic, economic, and political complications. Bolivia is divided into three major geographical groupings defined by the Andes. The first being the collection of mountains found in the West along with the Altiplano. The second major geographical region is located in the valleys formed from the eastern mountain slopes. These valleys provide a semi tropical environment allowing for appropriate agricultural activities. However, the third geographical area contain plains that stretch across 63% of the country. These eastern lowlands(plains) are also referred to as Oriente. The rest is virtually the Andes mountains that literally split the landlocked country in half. The smaller half of the country (majority Amerindian) consists of mountain and rock leaving little to no agriculture to be had. In contrast, the larger...
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...Bolivia History, Economics & Politics | | | | | 2/21/2013 | | In this research paper I will be discussing three topics of the country of Bolivia. The three topics that I will be discussing is history of Bolivia during the 20th century, the current economic situation, and the politics of the country of Bolivia. The first topic that I am going to discuss is 20th century history of Bolivia. A major turning point in the history of this country is the Chaco War. This took place from 1932 to 1935. This was a war between Paraguay and Bolivia over a region that was known for being rich in oil. Paraguay defeated Bolivia which cost the lives of many Bolivians and the oil rich territory. The conflict also discredited their government. From 1941 to 1964 the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement, or MNR along with President Paz Estenssoro were the government figures that ruled Bolivia. This movement was the most important political party during the 20th century. This political party started out as a leftist/reformist party but has since moved sharply to the right. From 1965 to 2005 Bolivia struggled with electing a president that would be good for economy until they elected President Evo Morales. During the 1900’s indigenous people were not treated like they were citizens of Bolivia. Their living conditions were deplorable and they were forced to work under primitive conditions in the mines and on estates. They were also denied access to education, economic...
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...In the article “The Politics of Water in Bolivia”, the author Jim Shultz mainly talks about how in Bolivia the citizens weren’t so happy with the fact that they had to hand their water supplies over to foreign corporations. Although they lose water, the World Bank says that they are too ill equipped to have water privatization, Bolivia also relies on foreign assistance so they really have no say in what they can and cannot do. They need other foreign countries’ help for supplies for the civilians. For example, in El Alto, the chief complaint about the World Bank was that it left tens of thousands of families with no water. The uprising in Bolivia and many small foreign countries have stated that they are philosophically opposed to putting...
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...The Andes form the backbone of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile. It is the longest unbroken mountain chain in the world, soaring higher than any range except the Himalayas in South Asia. Some of the Andes’ snowcapped peaks tower more than 20,000 feet (6,000 m) above sea level. The Andes have shaped not only the physical geography of the Andean nations, but also the economies and lifestyles of the people who make their homes in this region. The Andes stretch some 5,500 miles (8,850 km) all the way from the Caribbean Sea to the southernmost tip of South America. At places in Peru and Bolivia the mountain range is nearly 500 miles (800 km) wide. Its rocky walls divide the Andean nations into three distinct environments: coastal plain, highlands, and forest. Coastal Plain Between the mountains and the sea, a narrow plain stretches along the entire Pacific coast from Colombia to the southern end of Chile. At some points it is no more than a sandy beach at the foot of the mountains; in other places it reaches inland for 100 miles (160 km). The Atacama Desert, the driest and one of the most lifeless places on earth, occupies the coastal plain in northern Chile. Because ocean winds lose their moisture blowing across the cold waters of the Peru Current, only dry air ever reaches the land, creating a desolate wasteland. The Atacama is so dry that archaeologists have found perfectly preserved relics from ancient times. These include colored textiles woven hundreds of years ago...
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...El País Bolivia is a landlocked country located in central South America, southwest of Brazil. It has two capitals, La Paz and Sucre. Bolivia is a republic and its president is Evo Morales. It has a population of 10.67 million as of 2013. Bolivia has three official languages: Spanish, Quechua, and Aymara. Bolivia is home to 40% of the world’s plants and animals. It has an annual rainfall of over 5 meters, making Bolivia one of the wettest countries in the world. Personas Famosas Juan Carlos Valdivia - A movie director and scriptwriter who was born in La Paz. He studied in the United States and his debut movie was called “Jonah and the Pink Whale”. His movies were inspired by Bolivian and Latin American reality. Valdivia has been nominated...
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...and Emigration, and Their Effects on Religion, Women, and Minorities in the Developing World Migration, Immigration, and Emigration, and Their Effects on Religion, Women, and Minorities in the Developing World Migration/Immigration Issues Bolivia has a population of 10 million regular citizens and approximately 1.6 million emigrants. Migration is an important issue in this country, and there are currently efforts underway to establish a law of migration that will serve as a basis for the implementation of a policy to meet the needs of foreigners in Bolivia. In addition, because of the huge socioeconomic gap between the rich and the poor, migrants are highly vulnerable to human trafficking and labour exploitation (IOM, 2011, para. 1). About half of Bolivia citizens have migrated inside or outside to other countries; however, Bolivia also receives many immigrants from Brazil, Paraguay, Eastern Europe, and Japan. Some Bolivians migrate to other properties only wanting to return home; however, many stay permanently. Spainish immigrants have the largest portion living in Bolivia. In the earlier days, it was easy to migrate to Spain with not having a visa; however, today it is not as easy to immigrate. The issues for Bolivia migration are that people are worried about increased crime, increased pollution, congestion, and loss of traditional cultural practices and values. Let us take a look at the issues people are worried about. The crime rate is connected to drug-trafficking...
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...Yamil Chamoun Influence of Incas treasure in European development Inca is a word that comes from the Quechua language and means "king" or "prince". It is the name given to prehistoric rulers of Cuzco, who established a vast empire in the Andes in the fifteenth century, shortly before the Spanish conquest. The Incas were great conquerors, his empire was located in South America. He was from northern Chile south of Colombia, covering the present territories of Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador to the Pacific. Its territory was situated partly on the Andes. But the name also applies to all subjects of the Inca Empire. The Incas settled the last and most developed of the ancient Andean civilizations. To better manage such a vast territory, the Incas divided into four regions departing from the capital, Cuzco means "navel". Chinchasuyu, Antisuyu, Contisuyu and Collasuyu. These areas were divided into provinces and cities, composed of "ayllus". Another major falsehoods spread that the anti-black legend are created: The famous alleged massive theft of precious metals, primarily gold and silver, by transporting it to the Spaniards leaving Spain and conquered territories impoverished and battered. Even many ask this fact demanding repairs to return it to Spain and to compensate countries that present "crime". Needless to say, it is absolutely false that all the gold, silver, emeralds, pearls and other minerals or valuables were taken to Spain to the New World emptying of these products...
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...affect the goals of foreign direct investors. Applying such a broad definition ensures that the concept of political risk embraces a multitude of incidents. Thus, cases of political risk will differ markedly with respect to the actors involved, the particularities of each harmful event, the root sources of investor trouble, and the firms or industries affected. Take, for example, the notorious case of Bolivia. On May 1st 2006, Bolivia‟s left-wing president, Evo Morales, kick-started a process of nationalization of foreign-owned petroleum firms that has continued to this day. 1 This came about after the country, three years earlier, had been rocked by a series of violent riots and demonstrations by ordinary, poor citizens and radical leftist groups alike. The unrest forced the resignation of the nation‟s pro-American president, Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada. The purported bone of contention was a planned project under which the landlocked country‟s abundant natural-gas reserves were to be exported to the United States via Chile (Bolivia‟s arch enemy) by multinational companies. 2 This project was soon...
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...Nationalization is defined as the concept of a government seizing the private property of foreign nationals. In other words, nationalization is the alteration or assumption of control or ownership of private property by the state. It is historically a more recent development and differs in motive and degree from “expropriation” or “eminent domain,” which is the right of government to take property for particular public purposes (such as the construction of roads, reservoirs, or hospitals), normally accompanied by the payment of compensation. Nationalization may occur through the transfer of a company’s assets to the state or through the transfer of the share capital, leaving the company in existence to carry on its business under state control. Nationalization has often accompanied the implementation of communist or socialist theories of government, history tells us, as was the case in the transfer of industrial, banking, and insurance enterprises to the state in Russia after 1918. More recently, a further impetus has been resentment of foreign control over industries upon which the state may be largely dependent, as in the nationalization of the oil industries in Mexico in 1938 and Iran in 1951, and in the nationalization of foreign businesses in Cuba in 1960. In my view, another motivating factor for recent nationalizations may be the belief in some developing countries that state control of various industrial operations is at least temporarily necessary because of the lack...
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...COUNTRY, ONE BROKEN DREAM. Herbert Maduro Columbia Southern University Simon Bolivar has been considered by many historians as the liberator of the Americas, he lead an army that liberated Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia from the Spanish rule. Bolivar dreamed in having these countries unified as one big country called “The Gran Colombia”. These countries would have shared a centralized government and would have had the city of Bogota as its capital. In this article I want to explore the reasons why he could not achieve this dream of unifying these countries and if he had what economic and social impact this unification would had have in today’s economy. Simon Bolivar was born in Caracas; Venezuela on the 24th of July 1783 his family was wealthy and had close relationships to Spain. Bolivar was educated in Spain and came back to Venezuela with his young wife who died shortly after her arrival in Venezuela. Bolivar never married again. Bolivar has been underrated as a general and tactician, but is safe to say that he is probably in the top 50 Generals in World History. Simon Bolivar began his campaign of independence from Spain in 1810 with the independence of Venezuela, and then it followed Colombia, Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia. It is important to note that some of these countries were in fact a part of the “viceroyalty of Nueva Granada”, and that Bolivar just wanted to maintain these territories united. The first indication was right after the battle of Boyacá...
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... The IMP Board of Directors thinks it is necessary to open offices in the locations where they are targeting the software. The next office location will be in La Paz, Bolivia, South America. Introduction to Bolivia, South America According to InfoPlease, Bolivia, South America was under Spanish rule from the 16th Century until they won their independence on August, 6, 1825. Since then, Bolivia has had more than 190 revolutions and coups. The most recent coup was in 1982. In 2006, President Morales carried out two of his three major initiatives –nationalizing Bolivia’s energy industry and rewriting the constitution. The new constitution was adopted in January 2009, granting indigenous people more rights and allowing the president to run for a second five-year term. Morales’ third initiative is legalizing the growing of coca. Morales’ controversial coca policy, his plans to limit foreign investment, and his close ties with leftist governments of Venezuela and Cuba are a worry to the United States. Morales has referred to himself as the “United States’ biggest nightmare”. On September 10, 2008, President Morales ordered Philip Goldberg, the U.S. ambassador to Bolivia, to leave the country. Morales accused Goldberg of “conspiring against democracy” and encouraging rebel groups who were protesting in eastern Bolivia. November 2008 saw a further deterioration of relations...
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...TEST DE ELLIOT - ROTHENBERG Y STOCK El ERS señala la prueba optima es basado en la regresión cuasi-diferenciando definida en la ecuación dyta=dxtaδa+ ηt. Al definir los residuos de dyta=dxtaδa+ ηt como ηta=dyta- dxtaδ(a) y permitio SSRa=ηt2 (a) sea la función de los residuos suma de los cuadrados. El ERS (factible) señala el estadístico de la prueba óptima de la hipótesis nula α=1 que contra la alternativa α=a que, se define entonces como: Pt=(SSRa-aSSR1)f0 H0: La serie tiene una raíz unitaria H1: La serie no tiene una raíz unitaria. Donde es f0 un estimador del espectro residual al cero de frecuencia y donde es una función residual acumulativa. Los valores críticos para el ERS prueban la estadística, se computan interpolando los resultados de la simulación proporcionados por ERS para T=50,100,200…∞. El método busca minimizar la diferencia cuadrática entre los valores de la serie y los valores de la tendencia determinística, para distintos valores de (que dependen del parámetro c) y para =1. Una vez obtenidos los residuos de la estimación eficiente (es decir, aquella que minimiza la diferencia mencionada), se aplica un test de Dickey-Fuller sin constante o deriva y sin tendencia, por cuanto se trabaja con una serie transformada por precisamente la remoción de la tendencia determinística. EJEMPLO CON DATOS DEL PIB EN EVIEWS UNIT ROOT EN NIVELES CON 11 REZAGOS Null Hypothesis: PIB has a unit root | | Exogenous: Constant | | | Lag length: 4 (Spectral...
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...in the U.S. is very different from my home in Chile and even from where I lived when I was studying in Brazil. For one thing, I have a roommate, Teresa, who is from Bolivia. The home of two young women who are friends and co-workers is certainly different from a family home! In the Spanish-speaking world, as in other parts of the world, home styles differ depending on a person's needs, location, and of course, budget. You can get a good idea of what houses are like in the Spanish-speaking world in the following video. Watch the video about homes in Venezuela. Are the homes similar to or different from what you imagined? In which type of home would you like to live? Select the play button to access the "La casa" video from Realidades. Now that you've gotten an idea about homes in the Spanish-speaking world, we are going to learn a little bit more about one of my favorite places in a house—the bedroom. We'll learn words and expressions that we can use to talk about the bedroom and how to describe, compare, and contrast. We'll also learn about the country and culture of Bolivia. There's a lot to do, so let's get started! Objectives * Apply knowledge of vocabulary related to bedroom items, electronic equipment, colors, describing, comparing, and contrasting * Compare bedroom characteristics of Bolivia, to that of the U.S. * Examine Bolivia's traditional use of brightly colored textiles used in...
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