...Borderline Personality Disorder: DSMDiagnosing and Empirically-Based TreatmentKelli RodriguezCapella University1 Borderline Personality Disorder AbstractThe DSM-IV is widely used in the mental health field. Some of its many uses include providinga common language among professionals about psychopathology and delineating criteria for diagnosing individuals with mental disorders. This paper explores the purpose, history, andlimitations of the DSM diagnostic approach. A case study is provided and the DSM-IV-TR isused to diagnosis borderline personality disorder. The disorder is described and an empirically- based treatment plan is offered.2 Borderline Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder: DSM Diagnosing and Empirically-Based TreatmentThe APA (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is widelyused by mental health professionals. It provides a common language about psychopathologyamong clinicians, researchers, students, and other mental health professionals. Since its inceptioninto the field of mental health, it has made a huge impact on clinical practice, research, andeducation. Although it has advanced the field of mental health, there is still criticism of theDSM classification system. Despite its limitations, it continues to be considered an importantreference for mental health professionals. This paper will explore the DSM’s use within the fieldof psychopathology. Then it will be applied to a case study of a 15 year-old girl with...
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...April J. LaytonPsychology Branz Narcissistic Personality Disorder Overview of the study Narcissistic Personality Disorder, NPD, in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- Fourth Edition describes that the foundation “lack of empathy” in NPD is entirely based on clinical observation and expert consensus. However, a similar apprehension and empirical, or publicly observed, evaluation of the criterion “lack of empathy” in this disorder are inadequate, making the intent in this study was to empirically determine compassion in patients with narcissism according to the DSM-IV. This disorder is a severe mental disorder with popular rates of up to 6% in general population, unrelenting functional impairment, and high suicide rates. This disorder was established as an individual foundation, criterion 8, in the DSM-III-R (1994), which explains the “inability to recognize and experience how others feel”. It was also affirmed in the DSM-IV and the DSM-IV-TR as criterion seven. More studies that have been based on the DSM-IV also uncovered low diagnostic accuracy of the criterion “lack of empathy”. The hypothesis is: the discrepancy is due to the fact that no theoretical constitute influences the NPD criterion “lack of empathy” in the DSM (1983), and so its assessment may be destitute. Participants Recruited were 47 inpatients that had been diagnosed with NPD by the Department of Psychiatry, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin and contributing German...
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...(i.e. role-play), and drawing. Psychotherapy occurs within a structured encounter between a trained therapist and client(s). Purposeful, theoretically based psychotherapy began in the 19th century with psychoanalysis; since then, scores of other approaches have been developed and continue to be created. Psychoanalysis was perhaps the first specific school of psychotherapy, developed by Sigmund Freud and others through the early 20th century. Trained as a neurologist, Freud began focusing on problems that appeared to have no discernible organic basis, and theorized that they had psychological causes originating in childhood experiences and the unconscious mind. Techniques such as dream interpretation, free association, transference and analysis of the id,...
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...Description Treatment Focus Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a system of therapy originally developed by Marsha M. Linehan, a psychology researcher at the University of Washington, to treat people with borderline personality disorder (BPD). DBT combines standard cognitive-behavioral techniques for emotion regulation and reality testing with concepts of distress tolerance, acceptance, and mindful awareness largely derived from Buddhist meditative practice. DBT may be the first therapy that has been experimentally demonstrated to be generally effective in treating BPD. A meta-analysis found that DBT reached moderate effects. Research indicates that DBT is also effective in treating patients who present varied symptoms and behaviors associated with spectrum mood disorders, including self-injury. Recent work suggests its effectiveness with sexual abuse survivors and chemical dependency. Linehan observed "burn-out" in therapists after coping with non-motivated patients who against cooperation in successful treatment. Her first core insight was to recognize that the chronically suicidal patients she studied had been raised in profoundly invalidating environments, and, therefore, required a climate of unconditional acceptance, in which to develop a successful therapeutic alliance. Her second insight involved the need for a commensurate commitment from patients, who needed to be willing to accept their dire level of emotional dysfunction. Treatment Strategies and/or Techniques ...
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...Case Analysis: Aileen Wuornos Tiffin University Samantha M. Rippey Do you believe a person’s genetics or environment most influence their psychological development (behavior, habits, sexuality, personality, etc.)? This is the nature versus nurture psychological debate. The nature argument believes that a person’s genetics determine their development. An example of this would be someone extremely successful in school crediting their academic success to a family of intelligent people (genetic predisposition). The nurture argument believes that people are products of their environment. If a child grows up surrounded by criminals and continuously observes their behaviors, it may not be a surprise when they enter a life of crime. It would be safe to say that they were a product of their environment. Background Information Aileen Wuornos was an American serial killer who killed seven men in the state of Florida from 1989-1990. Aileen Carol Pittman was born in Rochester, Michigan on February 29, 1956. Her biological father was Lee Dale Pittman, who was a psychopathic child molester. Lee Pittman committed suicide by hanging himself in a prison cell in 1969. Unfortunately, Aileen never really got to know her father. Aileen had an older brother named Keith who was born in 1955. Aileen and Keith were abandoned by their parents in 1960 and adopted by their maternal grandparents, Lauri and Britta Wuornos. Aileen and Keith did...
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...Barnabus “Barney” Stinson: A Legen….Wait for It…Dary but Brief Character Analysis Ivy Tech Community College PSYC 101 Barnabus “Barney” Stinson: A Legen….Wait for It…Dary but Brief Character Analysis Barnabus “Barney” Stinson is one of the main characters of the show “How I Met Your Mother”, portrayed by Neil Patrick Harris. “How I Met Your Mother” is a comedy sitcom on CBS about five friends living in New York, which centers on Ted Mosby and his quest to find true love. The series is narrated by the future Ted Mosby telling his children an extremely long and elaborate story about how he met their mother. Barney Stinson is one of Ted’s best friends, and a great source of comedy for the show. Barney is a serial womanizer with father issues and questionable actions. He has a unique personality and uses crazy and elaborate tactics to seduce women. His single mother raised Barney and his older brother James. Barney and James both asked about their fathers but their mother would either lie to them or change the subject. Throughout his childhood, Barney was constantly lied to by his mother to protect his feelings. For example, Barneys mother told him he could not play on the basketball team because he was to good and it would be unfair to the other players, when in reality the coach did not want him on the team. Barney was an unpopular child and was picked on and bullied by other kids his age. One major thing that happened in Barneys adulthood that helped shape his character...
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...Do Violent Video Games Make A Person Violent? Violent video games have been evolving for years. The first violent video game to ever be released was Death Race made in 1976 (Suddath). This game brought a controversy that would follow all video games for years to come. Although many people say that violent video games cause a person to become violent, many people will argue that violent video games do not cause a person to be violent. Both sides of the “violent-video-game” argument, examples to both points being made, and who should not play violent video games will be analyzed or examined in order to determine the effects of gaming. First, many people believe that violent video games do not cause violence. People believe that violence in video games is the cause of violence, but most video games depict and reflect the real world (Rynne). The world is full of violence, and it was full of violence long before video games started to make their way to popularity. People will counter this point and say that violent video games bring stabbing, shooting, running people over, drugs, alcohol, theft, etc… into people’s lives, but if a person turns the television to a news station, he/she will see all of the same things. War games depict wars in other countries, Grand Theft Auto reflects how people in bad neighborhoods can act, and medieval games give people and understanding about the past. People will say that because of these games mass murders will evolve; for example, Sandy...
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...Psychological Disorders Psychological disorder - a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior Disturbed, or dysfunctional thoughts, emotions, or behaviors are maladaptive - they interfere with normal day-to-day life. Understanding Psychological Disorders Medical Model Brutal treatments may worsen, rather than improve, mental health. Philippe Pinel opposed such brutal treatments. He insisted that sickness of the mind is caused by severe stress and inhumane conditions. Curing them requires “moral treatment’” including boosting patients’ moral by unchaining them and talking with them. Medical model - the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in more cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital Biopsychosocial Approach The biopsychosocial approach emphasizes that mind and body are inseparable. Negative emotions contribute to physical illness, and physical abnormalities contribute to negative emotions. Epigenetics - the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change Classifying Disorders & Labeling People Classification aims to: * Predict the disorder’s future course * Suggest appropriate treatment * Prompt research into causes DSM-5 - the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition;...
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...Jodi Arias Articles These are some of the essays that I have written about the Jodi Arias trial. Many more to come. JODI ARIAS TRIAL: SECOND EXPERT WITNESS, ALYCE LAVIOLETTE UNDER SCRUTINY Alyce LaViolette is the second expert witness called by the defense in the Jodi Arias trial. Ms. LaViolette has a Masters degree and has worked since the 1970s in the field of domestic violence. She has been described by some as being a man hater. For instance, attorney and radio host Jenny Hutt, in her appearance on the Dr. Drew show, referred to Ms. LaViolette’s testimony in the following way: “I feel like she`s just a man hater…she`s clearly prejudicial, and she just reads that she doesn`t like men.” This criticism, valid or invalid, is also present in professional critiques, couched using terms such as “feminist perspective” and even extends to the personal reviews that can be found on Amazon.com. One reviewer, asked the question “did she ever meet a man who was not an abuser?” Obviously, the impression of Ms. LaViolette, as being a man hater, is legitimate in the minds of many people. She has left that impression with many readers and viewers of her work. This is not to say that Ms. LaViolette is a man hater, just because a number of people think her so. That would be unfair. It would be fair to say this. Her behavior, her writing, her court testimony, has left a significant number of people with the impression that she is a man hater. I don’t know if she is a man...
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...describe the anorexia nervosa disease. By definition, anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continue to starve themselves. People with this disorder are suppressing a strong desire to eat, because they are afraid of becoming fat. Anorexia is characterized by extreme starvation that leads to a disastrous loss of weight. Anorexia nervosa affects a large number of people today in the world, and does not discriminate against anybody. This research paper shows how dangerous and life-threatening anorexia is on adolescence, as well as, how self-image, family issues, and the media influence anorexia. Anorexia in Adolescence Adolescence is a chaotic time in the life of a growing teenager in which he or she experiences many physical as well as emotional changes. Not knowing where they stand in the world yet and trying to figure themselves out, adolescents may fall subject to influences and become victims of such horrible things as eating disorders. During adolescence a major importance in life is to be accepted and to fit in somewhere which brings about the issue of eating disorders. In order for them to be accepted and feel as if they are able to fit in with the status quo, some adolescents, mostly girls, will develop an eating disorder during adolescence. Anorexia Nervosa is one of the leading eating disorders in adolescents and is a serious psychiatric illness with both psychological...
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...How do our bodies and minds change from early to late adulthood? Joshua Lansberry Ashford University PSY 304 Lifespan Development Prof. Pamela Vincent May 18, 2015 How do our bodies and minds change from early to late adulthood? As we age does our mind simply begin to deteriorate in the same fashion as our body does in regards to it physical capabilities? Have you wondered what affect does peri and post-menopause have in relation to memory decline in women? Is dementia directly related to cognitive aging? All of these conditions have one thing in common, they all occur as the human body starts to age into late adulthood. Aging from early to late adulthood has an interconnected negative impact both mentally and physically on the human body but physical activity can help protect against cognitive decline. First we need to understand physical and cognitive development and the stages associated with early and late adulthood. Then we will examine the age related decline in mentalizing skills; how cognitive aging is related to dementia; and how aging is related to peri and post-menopause and it effects has on the body. Physical changes as the body ages from early to late adulthood are predictable and undeniable. Physical Development depends on maturation, or the biological unfolding of growth. Every individual has a schedule built into his or her genes that controls both the timing and degree...
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...Phenomenon of risky behavior: NSSI •Health behavior models and theories for understanding risky behavior Human behavior is complex and describing and predicting it continues to be a challenge in social science. Social influence, such as drugs, family, peers, media, has a great impact on development of negative behavior that would require intervention or prevention to make changes in health and behavioral habits by examining the behaviors of findings based on current research and theories /models of behavioral change. Per Heilbron et al. (2008) many current research focused on prevalent and risky group of self –harm behaviors that are growing mostly due to social, peer influence engaging in NSSI. Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is one of prevalent health behavior risks in pre-adolescence and adolescence, and many fields have offered theories and models that can be important applications for research on peer influence and change of behavior in NSSI groups for behavioral change (Heilbron et al. 2008). Behavioral theories of peer influence are one application to determine NSSI based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT, originally social learning theory) (Ragin, 2011). Social cognitive theory (SCT) is the psychological model of behavior developed by the work of Albert Bandura (1977; 1986). SCT (Ragin (2011) suggests that cognitive processes are serious to the acquisition and regulation of behaviors, and individuals learn through modeling, direct operant reinforcement with methods...
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...Alexis Marques PSC 168 Extra Credit In Girl Interrupted by Susanna Kaysen, the book starts out in the year of 1967 and introduces an eighteen year old Susanna Kaysen who is in session with a doctor she never seen before; who tells her she has a “pimple and that she has been picking at it.” (pg 7) He then asked her if she has been picking at herself in general and Susanna nods (she agrees to anything that the doctor asks her). The doctor repeats that she has been picking herself and then says “you need a rest.” (pg 7) Before Susanna knows it the doctor makes a call, a taxi comes and he tells the driver to take her to McLean Hospital. Once at McLean, Susanna introduces a girl name Polly who had set herself on fire at one point, and that she was never unhappy, she was kind and comforting and never complained. Susanna describes Polly’s suicide attempt as one having courage and being dangerous at the same time. She compares danger and defeat to when one puts a gun in their mouth and is not able to pull the trigger, which is expressed in this quote: “But you put it there, you taste it, it’s cold and greasy, your finger is on the trigger, and you find that a whole world lies between this moment and the moment you’ve been planning, when you’ll pull the trigger. That world defeats you. You put the gun back in the drawer. You’ll have to find another way.”(pg 17) Susanna then reavles her suicide attempt, which she swallowed fifty aspirins and then went outside and fainted , while...
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...Personality Reflection Shannon Johnson PSY/250 10/05/2015 Phoenix Personality Reflection How would I define personality? To me personality is made of so many different things. It takes allot of individual traits to make up someone’s personality. The way that you have been raised from just a little baby. The DNA that has started your foundation in life. What your beliefs are. Five factors have been narrowed down. * Openness = Appreciation for emotion, art, unusual ideas, and a variety of experience * Conscientiousness = Mostly dependable, organized, goals, and self-discipline * Extraversion = Positive energy, assertive, positive emotions, seeks stimulation from others * Agreeableness = Cooperative, trusting, compassionate, competitive * Neuroticism = unpleasant emotions, anger, anxiety, low stability Remember OCEAN To me people are all different. Might have the same hair color, like the same kind of tv shows, even the same first name. Personality comes from traits that you are born with and traits that are learned. If two people go through the exact same thing that does not mean that, they will react or feel the same way. Everyone in this world is unique in his or her own way. Personality is what we have in order to live life on life’s terms. . Every person on this earth thinks of things differently. Personality is an individual’s thoughts, feelings, behaviors and how the individual sees and acts with each altogether. To understand different...
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...Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA c Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA b a r t i c l e in fo Article history: Received 14 February 2008 Received in revised form 7 April 2008 Accepted 8 April 2008 Keywords: Hoarding Prevalence Risk factors Personality disorders Comorbidity abstract Little is known about the prevalence and correlates of hoarding behavior in the community. We estimated the prevalence and evaluated correlates of hoarding in 742 participants in the Hopkins Epidemiology of Personality Disorder Study. The prevalence of hoarding was nearly 4% (5.3%, weighted) and was greater in older than younger age groups, greater in men than women, and inversely related to household income. Hoarding was associated with alcohol dependence; paranoid, schizotypal, avoidant, and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder traits; insecurity from home break-ins and excessive physical discipline before 16 years of age; and parental psychopathology. These findings suggest that hoarding may be relatively prevalent and that alcohol dependence, personality disorder traits, and specific childhood adversities are associated with hoarding...
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