...Boston Creamery 1. The variance analysis schedule that Frank Roberts proposed was not necessarily the best representation of the variances for Boston Creamery. Roberts’ report stated a favorable variance of $71,700 coming mainly from sales volume. He used the revised budgeted operating income and the original budgeted income to come up with the sales volume number. The budget was not detailed as to what accounted for the differences though. That would be the first change to the variance analysis report, provide a clearer depiction of the results. He should show the effect of the changes in market size. The market size variance was actually 117,642 favorable (5,968,366-5,720,329). The suggestions offered by Jim Peterson can be incorporated into the schedule without being too technical. There may be a lot of numbers but the results are far more informative. By also looking at month to month changes to sales and operational costs they would have a better estimate and the figures would be available sooner rather than waiting until the spring of 1973. John Vance’s appendix breaks the profit planning analysis down month by month and he shows the importance of tracking actual results. For example, in January 520,000 gallons of ice cream were actually sold. They based the analysis on the forecast of only 495,000 gallons. The actual revenues for January are $28,875 under the forecast for the actual sales. The earnings statement, which is Exhibit C in the Appendix...
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...Sarah Carter Boston Creamery 1. The variance analysis schedule that Frank Roberts proposed was not necessarily the best representation of the variances for Boston Creamery. Roberts’ report stated a favorable variance of $71,700 coming mainly from sales volume. He used the revised budgeted operating income and the original budgeted income to come up with the sales volume number. The budget was not detailed as to what accounted for the differences though. That would be the first change to the variance analysis report, provide a clearer depiction of the results. He should show the effect of the changes in market size. The market size variance was actually 117,642 favorable (5,968,366-5,720,329). The suggestions offered by Jim Peterson can be incorporated into the schedule without being too technical. There may be a lot of numbers but the results are far more informative. By also looking at month to month changes to sales and operational costs they would have a better estimate and the figures would be available sooner rather than waiting until the spring of 1973. John Vance’s appendix breaks the profit planning analysis down month by month and he shows the importance of tracking actual results. For example, in January 520,000 gallons of ice cream were actually sold. They based the analysis on the forecast of only 495,000 gallons. The actual revenues for January are $28,875 under the forecast for the actual sales. The earnings statement, which is Exhibit C in the...
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...1. The variance analysis schedule that Frank Roberts proposed was not necessarily the best representation of the variances for Boston Creamery. Roberts’ report stated a favorable variance of $71,700 coming mainly from sales volume. He used the revised budgeted operating income and the original budgeted income to come up with the sales volume number. The budget was not detailed as to what accounted for the differences though. That would be the first change to the variance analysis report, provide a clearer depiction of the results. He should show the effect of the changes in market size. The market size variance was actually 117,642 favorable (5,968,366-5,720,329). The suggestions offered by Jim Peterson can be incorporated into the schedule without being too technical. There may be a lot of numbers but the results are far more informative. By also looking at month to month changes to sales and operational costs they would have a better estimate and the figures would be available sooner rather than waiting until the spring of 1973. John Vance’s appendix breaks the profit planning analysis down month by month and he shows the importance of tracking actual results. For example, in January 520,000 gallons of ice cream were actually sold. They based the analysis on the forecast of only 495,000 gallons. The actual revenues for January are $28,875 under the forecast for the actual sales. The earnings statement, which is Exhibit C in the Appendix to the Case, shows that the...
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...BOSTON CREAMERY INC – Kasus 9.2 RENCANA KEUNTUNGAN TAHUN 1973 Peterson dalam membuat rencana keuntungan tahun 1973 menggunakan : - perkiraan tahun 1972 sebagai tujuan penafsiran untuk tahun 1973, atau - hasil yang diharapkan tahun 1972 sebagai biaya anggaran tahun 1973 Empat langkah pendekatan dari perencanaan satu tahun : 1. mengembangkan unit standar untuk tiap elemen variabel biaya, ukuran produk dan kemasan 2. menafsirkan level penjualan yang realistis dan penjualan mix, dengan pertimbangan : - jumlah hari pada satu periode - kondisi umum ekonomi pada area pemasaran - cuaca - antisipasi promosi - kompetisi 3. penilaian/penafsiran manajemen terhadap anggaran biaya tetap sesuai kebutuhan 4. perencanaan biaya itu sendiri HASIL NYATA TAHUN 1973 - volume penjualan tahun 1973 > volume penjualan yang diperkirakan 5.968.000 > 5.720.000 - total penjualan ice cream > Anggaran penjualan 12.180.000 > 11.440.000 Tindakan yang diambil : PERBAIKAN RENCANA KEUNTUNGAN, yaitu : 1. biaya tetap yang terjadi disamakan dengan rencana asli, sehingga volume penjualan yang direncanakan sama dengan volume penjualan sebenarnya, karena rencana asli anggaran biaya tetap dinilai lebih baik. 2. sebaliknya, biaya variabel yang tergantung pada volume tinggi harus didasarkan pada anggaran yang menggambarkan volume dari operasi yang sebenarnya telah tercapai, bukan berdasarkan penafsiran volume ANALISIS UNTUK PERBEDAAN KEUNTUNGAN TAHUN 1973 Jim Peterson, Presiden Divisi...
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...RECOMMENDATIONS For 1974 budget planning, managers should get together and do a better job in preparing the budget. It would be a good idea to classify costs as controllable or uncontrollable and also to adjust the budget for these uncontrollable events when they happen or at least before the variance is calculated. Also in this case it is unclear whether the departments are cost centers or profit centers. If the marketing department is a profit center it is clearly their responsibility to make sure that the selling price covers the commodity cost increases. Therefore, it is suggested that for 1974 when the budget is prepared, they must also make it clear what the responsibility of each manager should be and how they will be held accountable. It is better to set those standards in advance using a combination of top down, bottom up approach rather than what seems to have happened in this case, a top down prepared budget where the managers are told after the fact how they performed. The variance analysis can be a useful tool in assessing trends and to get an idea of where there might be a problem. However, in the real world nothing is black or white. There are several weaknesses in the system, good standards are difficult to achieve, and there is a need for additional information to assess whether a deviation is a problem or not. Variance analysis should be one of many tools used to evaluate managerial performance and not the only...
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...Freedom People today agree that freedom is a very important and that it should be part of their lives, but what does it mean to have freedom? Some would say it is the ability to do whatever you want as long as you do not break the law or hurt someone else, but others would say it is being able to do whatever you please without having any consequences. Many authors in the past wrote about this topic and what their definition of freedom was. Their writings inspired many people to think what freedom really meant and take action for freedom. A few of these authors were John Winthrop, Benjamin Franklin, and Ralph Emerson. John Winthrop categorized freedom into two categories, Natural Liberty and Civil Liberty. Benjamin Franklin was more interested in the economic side of freedom by being able to choose any job to become financially successful and having to do things for himself. Ralph Emerson’s definition of freedom was for people to think for themselves and do what they think is right. Just to worry about themselves instead of worrying about other people’s opinion and what others are doing. They all had different views of freedom and what it means to be free, but deep down they were similar in which people want the freedom to choose and be who they want to be without being punished or bound. John Winthrop’s definition of Natural Liberty is being able to do whatever people wanted and just relying on their instincts just like an animal would. “By this, man, as he stands in relation...
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...The Jamestown in Virginia colony encountered many devastating problems when trying to colonize in comparison with the other New World colonies. Problems such as starvation, sickness, lacking sufficient skills to farm or even hunt, and murder from the local Indians nearly extinguished the entire colony. Some of the food that was brought to the colony was sent home with other explorers, leaving those behind without much food. Many of the colonist resorted to cannibalism to satisfy their hunger. John Smith stated in his letter to the Virginia Company, “and we are more than two hundred to live upon this: the one half sick, the other little better,” I feel that he wrote this to express the significance of the diminishing health amongst the colonist. The need for competent workers in carpentry, farming, fishing, masonry, and several other skills prevented the colony from growing and sustaining themselves. Due to the lack of food and the declining health, they were too weak to defend themselves against the Indian attacks. A clear presence of order and leadership was not regained until Sir Thomas Gates enacted Martial Law. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was well led and organized before they even made the trip across the Atlantic to the New World. In comparison to the Jamestown’s Martial Law, John Winthrop organized the Puritans in such a way as to prepare them for how they should interact with one another, work, and most of all practice there faith. Strict religious faith...
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...Based on your reading of the documents what was the nature and character of these colonies? According to what is presented in the documents, how might the colonies be distinguished from one another (comparison/contrast)? The environment and atmosphere of the first colonies to settle in the new world was widely dissimilar, and some found success while others suffered harsh conditions. Virginia as labeled by Captain John Smith would fall into the last category. The colony of Jamestown came to the New World seeking land, assets and commerce, and settled in a coastal area, which did not provide the freshest water and proved to be abundant with disease. Jamestown was the first English settlement in America (1607). It had a stiff time at first and did not thrive until the colonists received their own land and the tobacco industry began flourishing due to Mr. Rolfe, the settlement took root. People continued to arrive and new settlements arose. As we can see with the article entitled “The Starving Times,” Jamestown suffered significantly when John Smith, their greatest capable leader, returned to England. Smith even records that he heard of a wife being murdered and cannibalized because of lack of food. This colony did eventually find some strength when it began to harvest tobacco, rice and indigo. Lord Baltimore received land from King Charles I to create a sanctuary for Catholics. His son, the second Lord Baltimore, personally possessed all the land and could use or sell it as...
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...Adapting to few changes in my life. Life was pretty challenging for me as a kid. Since I was 7 years old, I always wanted to travel to America and get the best degree not that there were no great schools in Nigeria because there was. My dream job was to become a successful lawyer and this dream pushed me all the way from Nigeria, the country I was born, to Rhode Island, the place where I am currently growing up in. I wasn’t always the brightest student but I was smart and I knew what I was doing. I spent 5 years of high school at a boarding house in my hometown and it was a very tough journey but I survived it and I graduated at the age of 15. While in school, I played sport like soccer and field events like track and long jump. I also joined the cultural and press club in which I was the treasurer in cultural club and newscaster for press. After high school, I applied to my choice of college, went in for an entrance exam but then the school went on a strike and that was it for me. I waited for few months then took another entrance exam at a private university and I got in but not for the major I applied for. I was given English as a major due to the majority of students accepted and scores for my desired major. It was a seven-day Adventist college so half of the required classes were regarding religion aspects. I felt like I was in another boarding school in which case, this is worse. While I was in my first semester, my family and I received the lottery visa to USA, I felt...
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...SECURITY PLANNING FOR THE 2004 DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION CASE REPORT MSFM- Organizational Behavior January 6, 2014 Case Summary In November 2002 the Democratic National Committee selected Boston, Massachusetts to host its July 2004 convention. Boston had beaten out other larger cities which included New York, Miami and Detroit to win the convention. The convention would nominate local politician John Kerry to run against President George W. Bush in the upcoming 2004 election. It was hoped that the event would bring an economic windfall to the city and also showcase the historical and fashionable attractions to the national and international media. Boston Mayor Thomas Menino had worked hard to bring the Democratic National Convention to Boston. The city had tried in 2000 to host the convention but lost out to Los Angeles. On its second try with the help of Senator Edward Kennedy and the state’s congressional delegation Boston was successful. Mayor Menino was very excited for Boston to be in the media spotlight for the four days in July that the convention would be held. It would give the city a chance to bask in the limelight and show its rich historical past and its vibrant present. The Mayor also added that he saw the convention as a challenge for Boston. We’d never had an event of this magnitude. Menino was confident the city would meet the challenge and fare better than others that had hosted political conventions in the past. The city’s elation...
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...Journalist Alistair Cooke wrote, “People, when they first come to America, whether as travelers or settlers, become aware of a new and agreeable feeling: that the whole country is their oyster.” This proved to be true with the Puritans and their arrival in the new world. They traveled to the New World to escape religious persecution from the Church of England. They were pushed out for being too extreme. The new land provided so many opportunities yet to be discovered. The new life seemed so promising. With the new opportunities came potential for disaster as well. The Puritans found out quickly, settling in New England was not easy. They had to work hard to keep the colony running. Changes would need to be made if the New England colony wanted to stay alive. In coming to the New World, Puritans found the experience they expected, but not as easily as they anticipated. In all, the tendency of English colonists to form like-minded colonies was crucial to the success of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. To the Puritans, the idea of the “City on a Hill” was perfection. A city where everyone wanted to follow the exact word of the bible. Everyone would live each day to be saved by the almighty God. They wanted their city to be the as if it was the Holy City of God. They quickly found this idea to be difficult. John Winthrop writes home to his wife, “It is now bed tyme, but I must lye alone, therefore I make less haste.”(p. 11). Winthrop continues to write home to his wife telling her...
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...The Journey of Katniss “Hard times don't create heroes. It is during the hard times when the 'hero' within us is revealed”(Bob Riley). Katniss Everdeen in The Hunger Games represents this statement because she undergoes life-threatening and daunting obstacles to stay alive throughout the movie. She displays true heroism by standing up to the weak and innocent and risking her life for her friends, family, and district. She shows many different signs of courageousness, determination, and integrity, as the movie continues. Katniss is a worthy example of a hero for having all these qualities and more through her departure, initiation, and return, thus representing the archetypal hero’s journey in The Hunger Games. The journey begins with the “ordinary world,” or what happens before the hero is called on an adventure. In the movie, Katniss Everdeen’s ordinary world consists of being an average sixteen year old girl who lives with her mother and younger sister, Primrose. Since her father’s death, Katniss feels the urgency to sneak out of district boundaries and hunt to feed and keep her family alive. Her heroic “call to adventure” demonstrates the hero’s journey, that may have cost her life. In the movie, Katniss’s call is when her sister, Primrose, is chosen to be in the annual Hunger Games. The shocked Katniss speaks out of the crowd and volunteers herself as tribute, thus exemplifying her call to adventure. The next stage in the hero’s journey is when the hero meets with a mentor...
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...It's best known dishes are New England clam chowder, Fish and Chips (usually with cod or scrod) baked beans, lobsters, steamed clams, and fried clams. Boston is famously known for its rich and creamy clam chowder that can be found in almost every restaurant. When you are at a Boston Red Sox game everyone knows you have to have a Fenway Frank which is a delicious tradition. Boston is famous for its homemade Boston Baked Beans. The restaurant Marliave has been in business since 1875 and is famous for its perfectly seasoned Boston Baked beans. New England has many regional foods which have stood the hands of time and delight all that come and visit. Just think if you come live in Massachusetts you could have these delicious traditional New England foods any time you...
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...how the government was set up in the time of the Boston Massacre and how the British believed that all the colony people should support them. The British government worked closely with the Commissioners, giving them the ability to call upon the upper organizations. The Commissioner sent soldiers to Boston to enforce their new rulings on taxation and importation. Once the troops were sent, the colonist began to feel uneasy and they fought back by writing in the Boston Evening Post, portraying Boston as being in a state of revolt. The tensions were high and people of power began to engage in physical altercations. The more the colonist began to go against the British government and attempted to illegally import goods, the more people became involved in this resistance. By this time the children were involved leading to the casualties of two pre-teen children, and causing more uproar. The small outbreaks mentioned are what lead to the main massacre where five men lost their lives....
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...John Mason was the founder of this colony. After being governor of Portsmouth, he and Sir Ferdinando Gorges, one of the Council leaders, received a grant, in 1622, for the area between the Merrimack and Kennebec rivers, in America. Mason and Gorges split the land. Mason took the territory that lied between the Merrimack and Piscataqua rivers, and named it New Hampshire. Gorges took the remaining land. This New England colony was named New Hampshire in honor of actual Hampshire, England. The colony was founded in 1623. After working as secretary for King James I, George Calvert wanted to create a colony in America. King James died, so his son, King Charles I, became the ruler of England. In 1632, King Charles I approved the charter for George Calvert's colony. A bit later, George Calvert dies, so his son, Cecilius Calvert, finishes what his father had started. The colony was named Maryland after Charles' queen, Henrietta Maria, and was mainly established as a place where Roman Catholics would not be persecuted. Founded in 1634. Unlike the Southern Colonies, the New England region was not known for its warm climate. New Hampshire consisted of short summers and cold, long winters. Geography-wise, in this colony there were many mountains and forests. The settlers could not rely heavily on farming. This colony, just like any other Southern Colony, had warm climate, with fertile land, allowing it to be an appropriate area of growing cash crops. The length of the warm season made growing...
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