...Introduction: When we start to talk about hospitality and tourism sector and especially in hotel industry, they offer three core product to their consumer: accommodation, food and beverages and these all services are very vital for lodging industry, although the majority of hotels are lead for accommodation, because most revenue deriving from the sales of the rooms (Schneider, Tucker & scoviak, 1999).Hotel room sales account approximately 55% of hotel revenue as against 23% for food and 10% for beverages (British Hospitality association, 2003, table 32, 34 & 36). According to Medlik and Ingram (2003), the operating cost of UK hotel rooms are, on average 26% of room sales producing unit profits up to 74% where as F&B expenses combined are almost 65% of Food and Beverage expanses combined about 35% (table 13 & 18). Thus hotels provides both tangible and intangible products, and its relay on tangible product of food, drinks and accommodation as we discussed in starting, though it’s heavily depend on the sales of intangible products- the service- and its depend on the customer’s subjective interpretation of their experience. And quality rating by consumer can’t be judge because every customer has different grading criteria. That is called ‘Heterogeneity’. Further more the one of the most important features of the hotel product/service is the impossibilities of separation of production from consumption. The production of service and consumption are going simultaneously...
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... CEO, Type 2 Consulting In today’s business-to-business environment, sticking to the traditional four P’s of marketing – product, price, place and promotion – has fostered narrow, product focused strategies. Those strategies lead marketing and sales teams to stress product attributes that are no longer differentiators but simply the cost of market entry. Jonathan Knowles, working in partnership with Thunderbird professor Rich Ettenson and using insights from the results of a five-year study of more than 500 managers and customers in multiple countries and across a wide range of B2B industries, has reframed the 4 Ps as SAVE: Solutions, Access, Value and Education. He will share how SAVE can help you create new strategies for this new B2B world. NETWORKING SESSION 1 The first of two Strategic Problem Solving sessions has been designed to allow IBC members to discuss international topics and issues in a small group setting. Find answers and solutions to your international challenges through networking with industry peers while building valuable relationships. Networking Reception &...
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...Introduction Since LEGOs inception in 1932, the company has not only experienced extreme pressure from competitors, but it has overcome numerous challenging obstacles from the external environment to become the world’s largest toy manufacturer (Financial Times, 2016). Upon analysis of LEGOs strengths through Institutional Theory (IT) and Resource-Based View (RBV), this essay aims to combine these two theories to explain LEGOs internationalisation process. Firstly, the two frameworks will be used to analyse the period (1932-1990s) where LEGO established a culture centred on product quality and innovation. As a result, the company achieved legitimacy within the institutional environment which spurred their international expansion. Within this analysis, the strategic decision to enter specific markets, and the methods they used to so will be outlined. Secondly, LEGOs recovery from their financial crisis in 2003, is an excellent example of how new capabilities can be made, and existing ones rebuilt to deploy resources using organisational processes to produce a desired effect. Institutional theory Institutional theory describes companies that operate in foreign markets conform to the institutional environments in order to gain legitimacy from the perspective of other institutional bodies. These institutions are the rules, norms and beliefs that define socially acceptable behaviour and therefore influence economic activity (Scott, 1995). The degree to which a company...
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...INTRODUCTION “Economics define an industry as a group of firms that supplies a market, hence why a close correspondence exists between markets and industry (Grant, Contempory Strategy Analysis, 2010).” The global mobile phone industry consists of all analog and digital handsets used for mobile telephony. One of the major boundaries of the industry deals with geographical location. Combined with technology this boundary goes further as certain parts of the world only use one standard for mobile telephony. The leading technological standard is GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) followed by CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). Also, as mobile phones progress, so do the standards. With smart phones becoming more and more popular, the demand for data continues across networks. New standards are emerging to meet this demand such as 3G and 4G on AT&T, Verizon and many other leading service providers. The mobile phone industry as a whole is a one of the fastest growing industries in the world and expanding globally rapidly as developing countries emerge. Cell phones have gone through major changes since their introduction in 1994 undertaking three major upgrading phases. The first major upgrade occurred in 2002 with the addition of the first colored screen, followed by the introduction of multimedia mobile phones during 2004-2006, and finally the birth of the smart phone in 2007 by Nokia (PRlog). The mobile phone will continue to evolve and be reinvented as customer...
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...requirements for an MSc in Information Systems particularly the International Marketing Module. The report reflects the success of IKEA in developing its brand internationally. The purpose of this assignment is to give one analysis of the marketing context in which IKEA operates and critical evaluation of its operational options. We would like to thank Fontys and Roehapmton that give us such a good opportunity to work as a group, and we also would like to thank our tutor, Mr. Wijckmans for his instruction. Executive Summary The report gives a detailed account of the IKEA brand development over the years using marketing principles. The first chapter looks at IKEA, the background, evolvement and current position. Chapter two looks at branding in terms of the marketing mix that is product, price, promotion and place. This is the followed by chapter three which looks how IKEA handles cultural differences when conducting business across the world. Chapter four explores the various methods used by IKEA when conducting market research world wide. Chapter five gives an account of the market entry strategy used by IKEA to introduce their brand in new areas. The next chapter then delves into the details of market segmentation, positioning and targeting strategies used by IKEA. The report concludes with a look into the future world trends and their effects on the...
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...SUPERVISORY BODIES A coherent universe of men and women passionate about their profession and driven by the desire to innovate and achieve. An unrivalled group of powerfully evocative brands and great names that are synonymous with the history of luxury. A natural alliance between art and craftsmanship, dominated by creativity, virtuosity and quality. A remarkable economic success story with more than 100,000 employees worldwide and global leadership in the manufacture and distribution of luxury goods. A global vision dedicated to serving the needs of every customer. The successful marriage of cultures grounded in tradition and elegance with the most advanced marketing, industrial organization and management techniques. A singular mix of talent, daring and thoroughness in the quest for excellence. A unique enterprise that stands out in its sector. Our philosophy can be summarized in two words: CREATIVE PASSION. 12 22 36 46 58 WINES & SPIRITS FASHION & LEATHER GOODS PERFUMES & COSMETICS WATCHES & JEWELRY SELECTIVE RETAILING — The values of LVMH Innovation and creativity Because our future success will come from the renewal of our product offering while respecting the roots of our Maisons. Excellence of products and service Because we embody what is most noble and accomplished in the artisan world. Brand image enhancement Because they represent an extraordinary asset, a source of dreams and ambitions. Entrepreneurship Because this guarantees our ability to react and our motivation...
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...SUPERVISORY BODIES A coherent universe of men and women passionate about their profession and driven by the desire to innovate and achieve. An unrivalled group of powerfully evocative brands and great names that are synonymous with the history of luxury. A natural alliance between art and craftsmanship, dominated by creativity, virtuosity and quality. A remarkable economic success story with more than 100,000 employees worldwide and global leadership in the manufacture and distribution of luxury goods. A global vision dedicated to serving the needs of every customer. The successful marriage of cultures grounded in tradition and elegance with the most advanced marketing, industrial organization and management techniques. A singular mix of talent, daring and thoroughness in the quest for excellence. A unique enterprise that stands out in its sector. Our philosophy can be summarized in two words: CREATIVE PASSION. 12 22 36 46 58 WINES & SPIRITS FASHION & LEATHER GOODS PERFUMES & COSMETICS WATCHES & JEWELRY SELECTIVE RETAILING — The values of LVMH Innovation and creativity Because our future success will come from the renewal of our product offering while respecting the roots of our Maisons. Excellence of products and service Because we embody what is most noble and accomplished in the artisan world. Brand image enhancement Because they represent an extraordinary asset, a source of dreams and ambitions. Entrepreneurship Because this guarantees our ability to react and our motivation...
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...Suede released 29th march 1993 nude records formats: lp/mc/cd (nude1lp/mc/cd) members of the band: Brett Anderson (lyrics, vocals), Bernard Butler (music, guitar, some piano), Mat Osman (Bass), Simon Gilbert (drums) producer and some piano: Ed Buller Shot in grainy fag-ash monochrome, he sits sideon with head back, long hair draped over one half of his face, filter-tip in paw, and a distant, unreadable experience in his eyes. The credit says simply: “Beckenham ‘69” Now 1969 was a strange year for Bowie. He had just been turned down by a fourth record company. His improbable, over-ambitious folk01 so young 02 animal nitrate 03 she's not dead mime trio Feathers was going nowhere. His 04 moving 05 pantomime horse 06 the drowners relationship with self-styled actress Hermione 07 sleeping pills 08 breakdown 09 metal mickey Farthingale was on the skids. And his grandiose10 animal lover 11 the next life sounding Beckenham Arts Lab – the venue where the photo was taken – was in truth just a So Young back room of the Three Tuns boozer in anderson / butler Beckenham high street. It was not a great time to be the future Thin White Duke. she can start to walk out when she wants because we're young, because we're gone But weird karma was afoot. He had written a we'll take the tide's electric mind, oh yeah? oh song called “space oddity”, Neil Armstrong was yeah fourth months away from sketching that crucial inaugural moonwalk. And David Bowie was five we're so young and so gone, let's...
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...Self-Assessment Written for the consortium team by Phil Bannister and Ian Baker (Sheffield Hallam University) © University of Northumbria at Newcastle 2000 Published by: Assessment and the Expanded Text School of Humanities University of Northumbria Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST Self-Assessment ISBN: 1-86135-080-5 Text editor: Rebecca Johnson Copy editor: Publications Office, University of Northumbria Designed and produced by the Department of External Relations DER: 2308HCB/6/00J Contents Project mission statement Introduction The nature and scope of the project i) The self-assessment sheet ii) Student guide to self-assessment iii) ‘Writing essays: A guide for literary studies students’ (sample) 5 7 8 10 13 23 Ways of using the materials i) How the self-assessment sheet can be used ii) Workshop using the self-assessment sheet 34 34 34 iii) How ‘Writing essays: A guide for literary studies students’ can be used 35 iv) Workshop using the essay guide 35 Impact on staff and students i) Student response to the self-assessment sheet ii) Student response to workshops using the materials iii) Staff response to the materials 37 37 37 37 Further references About the authors Acknowledgements Appendices i) Example of completed self-assessment sheet with essay 39 39 39 41 3 4 Project mission statement T he Assessment and the Expanded Text Consortium is a project directed by the English division at the University of Northumbria...
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...Culture Organizational Context: Reward Systems 5 31 57 88 EVIDENCE-BASED CONSULTING PRACTICES A major component of the evidence-based theme of this text and the link to practice are these part openers from the world-famous Gallup Organization. Gallup draws from its internationally recognized survey science and cadre of internal and external researchers (e.g., the author of this text and a Nobel Prize winner in behavioral economics are Gallup Senior Scientists), publishes its findings in the top academic journals such as Journal of Applied Psychology and provides this evidenced-based perspective and representative practices for each text part. Gallup is the recognized world leader in the measurement and analysis of human attitudes, opinions, and behavior, building on over three-quarters of a century of success. Gallup employs many of the world’s leading scientists in management, economics, psychology, and sociology. Gallup performance management systems help organizations maximize employee productivity and increase customer engagement through measurement tools, management solutions, and strategic advisory services. Gallup’s 2000 professionals deliver services on-site at client organizations, through the Web, at Gallup University’s campuses, and in 40 offices around the world. Gallup has subsidiary operations in 20 countries, covering 75 percent of the world’s GNP. Gallup clients include top-performing organizations such as Toyota, Marriott, Wal-Mart, Wells Fargo, and Best Buy. The...
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..."CHII"IURENGA II 1896 - 1897: A REVISIONIST STUDY THESIS Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS of Rhodes University I by MARK PHILLIP MALCOLM HORN January 1986 The following typog~aphical co~~ections attention since submission of this thesis. have come to my p.i line 8, "Phillip" should ~ead Philip. p.vi, li.ne 11, "Risings" should ~ead Rising. p.Vll, line 12, "~esponce" should ~ead ~esponse. p.3, line 17, "wa~f-io~" should read warriors. p.5, line 4, "96" should read 1896. p .. 8, line 3, IILomangLlndi should read LomagLlndi. p.9, line 2, " (inve~ted comma) missing after "role". p.19, line 9, "triatises" should read treatises. p.28, line 18, "analysis" should ~ead analyses. p.30, line 10, "the and" should ~ead "and the". p.42, line 28, "Histo~ians" should ~ead Histo~ian's. p.47, line 13, "Lomangundi" should ~ead Lomagundi. p.48, line 12, ~ sign missing befo~e the figu~e of 121 000. p.52, line 5, 1. ~5ign missing before the figure of 3. p.55, line 1, ~ sign missing befo~e the figu~es 10 to 60. p.55, line 3, -£ sign missing befo~e the figu~e of 100. p.56, lines 7 - 10, quote to be indented. p.b2, li.ne 1tJ, "dela" should be separated out to read "de la". p.tI4, line 4, "assisthim" should be sepa~ated out to ~ead "assist him"~· p.b"?, line 11, "inte~nicine" should t-ead intet-necine. p.83, line 17, "Ma~ch 1895" should ~ead Ma~ch 1894. p.89, line 5, "faction" should ~ead fl~action. p.95, line 29, fn. 12, "lNA" should ~ead NAZ...
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