...In 1992, Florida State University adopted the Brassica rapa plant from research scientists at the University of Wisconsin (Sherdan et al., 2007). Brassica rapa is in the same family as cabbage, broccoli, turnip, mustard, and cauliflower; it also makes up about one-third of all vegetable oil worldwide (Sherdan et al., 2007). It is a good model species due to its ability to grow, germinate, and flower rapidly (Sherdan et al., 2007). In this experiment, two strains of Brassica rapa seeds were used, a typical wild type and Rosette mutant, however, we chose to focus on the Rosette mutant seeds. Plant growth regulators also known as, hormones, regulate processes such as: seed germination, cell division and plant growth, responses to stresses, fruit...
Words: 350 - Pages: 2
...Height and Flower Production in Brassica Rapa. Abstract: The effects of different amounts of Downey Fabric Softener were tested on two area of plant growth, flower production and plant height, to determine whether or not Fabric Softener is environmentally friendly. Each week for five weeks, the plants measurements would be recorded and the designated amounts were added. Fabric Softener was observed to be toxic to the plants by inhibited height and flower production. Fabric softener biodegrades into salt in the soil, depriving the plant of adequate water and thus proving the toxicity of fabric softener to plant growth. Introduction: The effects of different amounts of Downey fabric softener were tested on Brassica Rapa to determine whether or not this certain fabric softener is environmentally friendly. If Brassica Rapa is not environmentally friendly then alternatives to Downey can be explored. Brassica Rapa was used because high survival rate and rapid growth in waste areas and also in both acidic and basic areas (Young 2012). Downey Fabric softener is a household chemical that is full of nitrogen, constantly exposed to the environment, and also claims to be biodegradable (Austin et al. 1998) . Nitrogen is a limiting nutrient in plants and therefore the aid of nitrogen should effect growth (Freeman et al. 2013). The hypothesis that was being tested states that fabric softener will have a positive effect on the plant growth of Brassica Rapa. Therefore, the ideal result would...
Words: 1286 - Pages: 6
...VERMICOMPOST TEA: EFFECTS ON PAK CHOI (BRASSICA RAPA CV . BONSAI, CHINENSIS GROUP) GROWTH AND YIELD, PHYTONUTRIENT CONTENT AND SOIL BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI’I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN TROPICAL PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCES AUGUST 2011 By Archana P. Pant Dissertation Committee: Theodore J. K. Radovich, Co-Chair Nguyen V. Hue, Co-Chair Robert E. Paull Susan C. Miyasaka Norman Q. Arancon Brent S. Sipesi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank my Co-Advisors, Dr. Theodore J. K. Radovichand Dr. Nguyen V. Hue, for their guidance, encouragement, and continuous support throughout my graduate program. I am grateful to my dissertation committee members; Dr. Robert E. Paull, Dr. Susan C. Miyasaka,Dr. Norman Q. Arancon and Dr. Brent S. Sipes for their intellectual comments, suggestions and encouragements. This research was supported by grants from the Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (WSARE)and the Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture Research (TSTAR) Programs of the USDA.I appreciate the services provided by Waikiki Worm Company, HI, the Agricultural Diagnostic Service Center, University of Hawaii, Microbial Matrix Systems, OR, and the National Research Council, Saskatoon, Canada. I would like to thank Dr. Teresita Amore, Dr. J. P. Bingham and Dr. Travis Idol for granting me access to their laboratories and...
Words: 657 - Pages: 3
...Determining the Metabolism of Gibberellic Acid in Four Genotypes of Brassica rapa Laura Sablyak Biology 240W September 30th, 2012 Abstract The goal of this experiment was to evaluate how the plant hormone, Gibberellic acid (Ga3), affects how the four different genotypes (wild type, elongate, petite, and the rosette) in the Brassica rapa plant (also known as Wisconsin Fast Plant) use the plant hormone in their plant growth. There were three treatments used on the four genotypes; including water, Ga3 and cycocel, which was sprayed 1-2 times for each genotype. Gibberellic acid is a plant hormone, (Ga3) that acts as a stimulant for growth and development for the plant. Cycocel however is a plant inhibitor and inhibits growth and development (Farabee M.J., 2010). The experiment was held in a flat that consisted of a water mat underneath the Styrofoam holder to collect water from the reservoir to the wicks that helps prevent algae from growing (McKeon et al., 2003). The wild type and petite genotypes had normal amounts of Ga3 already while the elongate over produced Ga3 and rosette under produced Ga3. In the end of the experiment, the genotypes, wild type and elongate, had the most growth in the control whereas the genotypes, petite and rosette, had the most growth in the Ga3. In all of the genotypes, cycocel had growth but no as much as water and Ga3. Each genotype had a unique way of using Ga3 and by doing so shows how the plant is using Ga3. Ga3 is already found...
Words: 1448 - Pages: 6
...CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION A. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The Philippines is one of the world’s “mega biodiversity” countries, rich in both fauna and flora, and even if we are rich in all of these, the sector of our agriculture is now facing many kinds of problems. With the big mass of population in our country which is about 101,664,929 as of Monday, February 15, 2016, based on the latest United Nations estimates, this only shows that more and more, our country’s employment and economy will be dependent in the sector of agriculture. We all currently rely on industrial agriculture to produce the majority of the food we eat; this type of agriculture is facing problems that may threaten its future. The use of inorganic fertilizers in industrial farming also causes soil pollution. These reasons spur the researchers to undertake this study. The researchers will investigate how commercial fertilizers affect in the growth of Pechay, and the acidity of the soil. Modern fertilizer consists of varying amounts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). These three are believed to be essential for plants to grow, and are extracted from the soil with each harvest. This is why farmers spread fertilizer on their fields, to replace the nutrients lost. It’s certainly not the ideal and sustainable way to farm, but it’s thought to be the most efficient for large-scale farms. Strategies like crop rotation and allowing large fields to rest would cut too deep into profits that are based on quantity...
Words: 2237 - Pages: 9
...Erica Osiecki Biology 240W February 19, 2016 Determining the Metabolism of Gibberellic Acid in Four Genotypes of Brassica Rapa Abstract: The goal of this experiment was to evaluate how the plant hormone Gibberellic Acid (GA3) affects how the four different genotypes in the Brassica rapa plant use the plant hormone in their plant growth. The Brassica rapa plant (dicot) is also known by the trademark name Wisconsin fast plant because they have been genetically bred to complete their life cycle in approximately one month. This makes it easier to be used in experiments because of their rapid growth which it produces quicker results. The genotypes that were used include a wild type, elongate, petite, and the rosette. There were three treatments used on the four genotypes; water, Ga3 and Cycocel. These treatments were sprayed two times consistently per day over three weeks for each genotype. Gibberellic acid is a plant hormone which acts as a stimulator for growth and development for the plant. Cycocel however, is a plant inhibitor that inhibits growth and development. This experiment was placed in an apparatus which allows the excess to drain while a wicking system keeps the plants moist. The apparatus was also placed under a light source which was on a limited time cycle. The lights were on for 16 hours each day starting at 7am and were off for 8 hours a day starting at 11pm. Wild type and petite genotypes already contained normal amounts of Ga3, while the elongate...
Words: 1881 - Pages: 8
...1 ABSTRACT The Rapid Cycling Brassica rapa, also known as RCBr, are plants genetically designed to grow at a fast rate. The plant is also well known for the ease of pollination and easy breeding cycle. These traits make RCBr an ideal candidate for testing Gregor Mendel’s theories of inheritance. Brassica rapa acts as a test subject in testing cross-pollination, allowing the understanding to the dominant allele of colored stems. The stems that were visible above the soil ranged from green to purple. The purple coloring was caused by anthocyanin. The anthocyaninless gene (anl), determines whether or not anthocyanin will be expressed. In the homozygous, recessive form (anl/anl), anthocyanin expression is completely suppressed, and the plant stems appear a bright green color. If the genotype is anl/ANL or ANL/ANL, then anthocyanin is expressed at varying levels and the plants are purple. The complete data was used to agree or disagree with Mendel’s theories. 2 INTRODUCTION Needs to have background and explains relevance of understanding genetics using cogent examples. Question, hypothesis and prediction clearly stated. Based on at least three independent sources (see below) with correct citations. Description and explanation of experimental system being used. 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS Conveys experimental procedure in sufficient detail such that experiment could be repeated by a student next semester. Timeline of events is present. Past tense used. Written in narrative/prose form...
Words: 346 - Pages: 2
...CORNERSTONE OVERVIEW PRIOR KNOWLEDGE (Before the Unit) In this Cornerstone, students will begin the process of planting and nurturing their very own Brassica plant (i.e., mustard seeds). Rapid-cycling Brassicas are small plants that take up relatively little space and grow and germinate quickly enabling students to observe all stages of the plant life cycle within just 5 weeks. Through their study of the Brassica plant and the informational text A Pumpkin Grows, students will learn about the parts of a plant, where they live, and how they grow and reproduce. Upon completion of the project, a collaborative conversation will provide students opportunities to use vocabulary related to the content throughout the unit. This project will serve...
Words: 613 - Pages: 3
...CHADY DUNMORE FITNESS COVER MODEL 21 DAY sTART phAsE DIET + TRAINING GUIDE BIZZY BIZZY DIET + TRAINING GUIDE START PHASE: 21 Days MEATs: • Chicken • Mackerel • Salmon • Tuna • Lean Beef • Jerky • Turkey • Lunch Meat Ham • Lunch Meat Roast Beef • Eggs VEGETABLEs: • Asparagus • Bamboo Shoots • Bean Sprouts • Beet Greens • Bok Choy Greens • Broccoli • Cabbage • Cauliflower • Celery • Chards • Chicory • Collard Greens • Cucumber • Endive • Escarole • Garlic • Kale • Kohlrabi • Lettuces • Mushrooms • Mustard Greens • Parsley • Radishes • Salad Greens • Sauerkraut • Spinach String Beans • Summer Squashes • Turnip Greens • Watercress • Yellow Squash • Zucchini Squash CONDIMENTs + sEAsONINGs: • Spicy Mustard • Hot Sauce • Crushed Red Pepper • Mrs. Dash Original Blend • Mrs. Dash Fiesta Lime • Mrs. Dash Extra Spicy • Mrs. Dash Tomato Basil Garlic • Mrs. Dash Lemon Pepper MUsCLEphARM.COM BIZZY DIET + TRAINING GUIDE START PHASE: 21 Days EX. TIME: Wake Up 6:30am sUppLEMENT: SHRED MATRIX®: 1-2 capsules CLA CORE : 1–2 capsules * Take with 8-12 oz. of water. ™ FOOD: No Food EX. TIME: Breakfast 7:00am sUppLEMENT: ARMOR-V™: 3 capsules * Take with 8-12 oz. of water. FOOD: Choose One of the Following: Option 1: 3 whole eggs Option 2: 1/2 cup of 2% cottage cheese Option 3: 1 whole egg and 2 strips of organic turkey bacon EX. TIME: 10:00am sUppLEMENT: MUSCLEGEL®:...
Words: 973 - Pages: 4
...Bearded Dragons I have done a couple of different speeches on animals so far, and yes, you are about to hear another one. This time I am going to talk to you about one of my favorite reptiles, the bearded dragons. Most people are influenced by their mean appearance, as was I when I saw them for the first time. Beardies, as we call them at work, are one of the most laid back reptiles you can ever handle. They are a very easy reptile to have; they just need specific living conditions, diet, and lighting. When getting a juvenile bearded dragon, you can start with a 20 gallon tank. This tank will last you about 6 months, and by that time you will need to upgrade to a 40 gallon breeder tank or larger. A breeder tank means it is at least 18 inches in width. You will also want to have a screen top on it to allow airflow and proper heat and lighting to sit on top. With a juvenile bearded dragon, you want to have a reptile carpet as the floor. If you use sand, or any other type of loose substrate, it can get clogged in their intestines while eating, and can potentially be fatal. Beardies also like branches and a hiding place to sleep in their habitat. Bearded Dragons are omnivores, meaning they eat meat and plants. The food they eat should be no bigger than the space between their eyes. If it is bigger than that space it can cause paralyzing of the back legs. As babies, you should feed them small crickets 2-3 times daily. Give them about six crickets each time to start out, increasing...
Words: 476 - Pages: 2
...Copper ions’ impact on green vegetables’ growths and cancer resistances High school affiliated to Renmin University of China Senior 1 The team of cruciate flowers Team members:Baihe Luo, Weihang Wu, Chenyue Wang , Jiayin Wang Adivisor: Baojin Zhou Summary Using nutrient solution contain the different quantity of copper ions water planting cruciferous vegetables(Chinese cabbage,flowering cabbage) for a period of time, observe their growth, and detect the copper accumulation in the body and the quantity of thioglycoside, to explore the growth of the copper ions in the green vegetables, and the accumulation of copper ions in the green vegetables and its relationship with thioglycoside contents in the body. Paper keywords: copper ions, cruciferae, Chinese cabbage, flowering cabbage, cumulative, thioglycoside, cancer. I.Introduction On June 25th, 2013, news reported that heavy metal pollution of vegetables in Pearl River Delta was worrying. Excessive heavy metals not only affect the plants’ normal growth, but also accessed into the food chain by getting through enrichment of plants’ bodies, and affected human health. Vegetables’ heavy metal pollution is already a common topic, the crowd grew pale,and were very concerned about the contaminated vegetables will bring huge healthy hidden trouble. At the same time, according to the World Health Organization, the numer of the global cancer patients increase more than 14 million each year, and China has become the most serious country...
Words: 1032 - Pages: 5
...The first human settlement on rapa nui was around 300-400 AD. The first king was hoto-matua whose ship landed on Anakena, one of the beaches. The main proof that these people existed is the 900 giant stone statues all over the island averaging 4 meters high and weighing 13 tons each. these enormous stone statues were carved out of tuff and then placed on stone platform. It is still unknown exactly why these statues were constructed in such numbers and on such a scale, or how they were moved around the island. The first known European visitor to Easter Island was the Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen, who arrived in 1722. They named the island Paaseiland that translates to easter island to mark the day they arrived. In 1770 Peru sent an expedition...
Words: 252 - Pages: 2
...Unsolved Mysteries: Easter Island Approximately 1200 years ago the Rapa Nui, or Easter Island people, arrived at one of the most isolated islands in the world. Almost as soon as they arrived they began carving massive stone heads without a known explanation ("Mysterious Places: Explore Easter Island in Words and Pictures."). When the Europeans arrived, there were very few people and almost no resources. However, there were numerous amounts of giant stone carvings. Nobody really knows why they are there and how they were made, but there are many modern theories to explain it. With these theories also come unanswerable questions to disprove them. 1. Facts Easter Island was formed by many huge volcanic explosions ("Easter Island -- World Heritage...
Words: 645 - Pages: 3
...ENVR 313 Society Comparison The human race has constantly played a dangerous game with environmental failure. Easter Island is a prime example of what could happen to our society if we are not careful with our environment. Easter Island is a prime example, because overpopulation and overuse of its resources lead to its downfall. There are examples of successful societies such as Gaviotas. Gaviotas is a village in Columbia that has made strides in the past three decades to become fully sustainable. Easter Island is a remote Polynesian island in the South Pacific Ocean. The Island is also known as Rapa Nui by the locals. “Easter Island is over 2,000 miles from the nearest population center, (Tahiti and Chile), making it one of the most isolated places on Earth.” (Brookman, 2007). The Island is shrouded in mystery Archaeologist can only estimate when the island was settled. They believe it was settled by Polynesians around 400 A.D. (Brookman, 2007). “Popular theory is that the islanders cut down all the trees to use as fuel and building materials, and to move the huge statues from the quarry to their positions around the island.” (Science Learning, 2008). The population of Easter Island peaked at around 10,000 people. The Island is approximately 64 square miles, 10,000 people on that size of Island laid waste to the Islands delicate ecosystem. The inhabitants of the island cut down all the trees to fit their agricultural needs and to move the statues that...
Words: 955 - Pages: 4
...Topic Effectiveness of Brassica oleracea (broccoli) in treating weak and damaged hair Background Study Many people, especially the women, depend on the shampoos and conditioners which they see as effective treatment for hair damage. According to a famous hair damage control shampoo brand, hair damage can be caused by the following: 1. Salon machineries and chemicals. Perms and relaxers can cause damaged hair and they can change the shape of the hair via the agents in them that first break the disulphide bonds in hair. The hair is then formed into its new shape and neutralized. This is the term given to the re-shaping of the chemical bonds in their new positions—the process that fixes the hair permanently into its new shape. Hair colour, which can also cause damaged hair, changes hair by penetrating the cuticle to enter the cortex, which damages the F-layer. 2. Sunlight. The ultraviolet light in direct sunlight affects the cuticle in a similar way to bleach, eventually breaking down the keratin protein in the hair. This can result in light streaks and dryness in damaged hair. 3. Over brushing/combing of hair. Hair is by nature fairly robust and can withstand a lot of styling abuse, but it can still be damaged by over-zealous brushing and combing, especially if it’s wet and/or tangled. Metal combs as well as backcombing can cause damage to hair as it tugs against the scales of the cuticle. Once hair has been backcombed the delicate scales of the cuticle are lifted, and the...
Words: 828 - Pages: 4
