...Moving to Brazil List Contact the appropriate embassy or consulate for information relevant to expatriates relocating to the country, including: * Visas and permits * Vaccines for family members * Restrictions or taxes on shipped household items * Taxes involved in shipping your car * Vaccines and quarantines for pets * Insurance File Applications for Passports, Visas and (international driving permit needed for brazil) Permits Do this early as this process takes time to complete. It is also wise to renew early if any of these documents is set to expire in the near future. Gather Important Documents Be sure to request official copies of important personal documents and allow at least several weeks to receive them. Arrange for official translations if required. Suggested items include: * Birth and marriage certificates * Naturalisation, passport, green card, proof of citizenship, etc. * Social security cards * Vaccination, medical and dental records * Insurance policies * Academic records and diplomas * Employment records * Proof of residency (utility bill, statement, etc.) Living will and testament International Moving and Shipping Companies Contact international moving and shipping companies to obtain quotes for transportation of belongings. Since it could take over a month for goods to arrive, plan ahead when scheduling your shipment. Health Insurance Any vaccinations needed...
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...Running Head: THE BRAZILIAN MILK FRAUD SCANDAL 1 The Brazilian Milk Fraud Scandal Involving the Italian Food Conglomerate Parmalat. A Brief Case Study on a Transnational Corporation In Your Home Country Gabriel Ferreira International Public Relations – PUR6608 class University of Florida THE BRAZILIAN MILK FRAUD SCANDAL 2 The Brazilian Dairy Market background. Over the last decade, the Brazilian dairy market has been one of the most fast growing dairy markets in the world. In the early 90s, the Brazilian agro-industrial milk sector suffered three very important changes: it starting being an open economic market for international competitors; at the time inflation was decreasing; and so milk prices drop significantly. All of these changes would not have been possible without the implementation of the Real Plan in 1994 (the new Brazilian coin plan until today) that strengthened investments in the country, especially in the milk-producing sector. These investments also lead to an increase in population number and to changes in alimentary habits (Nahmias, 2008). By becoming such a lucrative sector, the milk and dairy product sector in Brazil became the target for food adulteration processes. Its high-value role in feeding specific groups inside the population, such as children’s, women and elders, and regarding the expensive undergoing steps to achieve a final product that could be sold in the market, was some of the key aspects that attracted...
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...Brazilian market for Crosswell International (U.S.). Crosswell’s president and CEO, Hector Lans, is convinced that Precious Ultra Thin Baby Diapers will be a big seller in Brazil. In their role as brokers for Crosswell, the Mathieuxs have been exploring a number of different distribution channels in the Brazilian market. To date, the distributor response to Precious diapers has been enthusiastic, particularly in light of Precious diapers’ superior quality compared to locally manufactured alternatives. The problem, however, is the price. Brazilians base many purchasing decisions — at least in regard to disposable diapers — on cost, not on quality. The Mathieuxs find that distributors do not believe they can compete in the market with the relatively high prices offered by Crosswell, even with higher quality diapers. After much debate over how to improve the price competitiveness of Precious diapers, the Mathieuxs believe they may have found a solution. Their proposal is to combine extended credit terms to local distributors with Brazil’s high domestic interest rates to effectively lower the diapers’ price to Brazilian consumers. The Brazilian Diaper Market Until the latter part of the 1980s, most Brazilians had never heard of a disposable diaper, and not surprisingly, the disposable hygiene market in Brazil was virtually non-existent. By 1995, however, the personal care market was booming. This growth was largely a result of new-found economic stability and a growing middle...
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...Brazilian market for Crosswell International (U.S.). Crosswell’s president and CEO, Hector Lans, is convinced that Precious Ultra Thin Baby Diapers will be a big seller in Brazil. In their role as brokers for Crosswell, the Mathieuxs have been exploring a number of different distribution channels in the Brazilian market. To date, the distributor response to Precious diapers has been enthusiastic, particularly in light of Precious diapers’ superior quality compared to locally manufactured alternatives. The problem, however, is the price. Brazilians base many purchasing decisions — at least in regard to disposable diapers — on cost, not on quality. The Mathieuxs find that distributors do not believe they can compete in the market with the relatively high prices offered by Crosswell, even with higher quality diapers. After much debate over how to improve the price competitiveness of Precious diapers, the Mathieuxs believe they may have found a solution. Their proposal is to combine extended credit terms to local distributors with Brazil’s high domestic interest rates to effectively lower the diapers’ price to Brazilian consumers. The Brazilian Diaper Market Until the latter part of the 1980s, most Brazilians had never heard of a disposable diaper, and not surprisingly, the disposable hygiene market in Brazil was virtually non-existent. By 1995, however, the personal care market was booming. This growth was largely a result of new-found economic stability and a growing middle class...
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...Case study of “Rigorous or Not?: A Case of Auditor Judgment for Deferred Tax Issues” Judgment Framework and Professional Judgment Discuss the importance of “judgment framing.” “Judgment framing” occurs early in the judgment process. The definition of framing follows: Frames are mental structures that we use, usually subconsciously, to simplify, organize, and guide our understanding of a situation. They shape our perspectives and determine the information that we will see as relevant or irrelevant, important or unimportant. Frames are a necessary aspect of judgment, but it is important to realize that our judgment frames provide only one particular perspective. The importance is that judgment framing question management’s perspective appropriately by viewing other frames and it is a foundation to professional skepticism. How do perceptual biases relate to judgment biases? Our eyes and related perceptual skills ordinarily are quite good at perceiving and helping us to accurately judge shape similarity. However, optical illusions can predictably and systematically fool our eyes. The judgment biases are similar to the perceptual ones, like there are times when our intuitive judgment falls prey to systematic traps and biases. What are the five steps in the judgment process? a. Clarify Issues & Objectives: To get at issues, ask “what is the problem to be solved?” To get at objectives ask “what is wanted or needed?” Ask “what” and “why” questions. b. Consider...
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...Xia case, if the WTO were to rule in favor of Brazil, which of the WTO trade agreements would contain the justification and why? According to the case, because of the some unofficial speculations of using hazardous material in Xia's goods, that are manufactured in China, Brazil banned them to be imported to their country, until further investigation and tests, that were being performed to examine the health risks. Because of fear of other countries negligence and ban on the Chinese product, country took this issue in the WTO to be resolved. For ruling the issue or justification towards Brazil WTO will use Technical Barriers of Trade Agreement, as this agreement intends to the technical regulations and standards to meet up with required assessment as the procedures of conformity do not unnecessarily act as the barrier in international trade. This agreement recognize that the members are not breaching the regulatory objectives which can harm national security, life of animals and humans and environment. Reasons for this trade agreement:- * Technical Regulations:- Product has to meet the requirements that have been set up, under which all the documents need to be provided where all the product characteristics have been mentioned along with terminology, marking packaging and all other aspects which applies to the production method, and as per the unconfirmed report of using cheap rubber and paint, it does not meet up the conditions to be imported in another country. ...
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...INTERNAL RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT Name of the candidate: ASIF EKBAL Enrolment no. : 08715903912 Course: MBA 1ST Yr. Batch: 2012 Subject: MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS Subject code: MS105 Topic of assignment: UNIT 1 Subject Teacher’s name: MS MAMTA RANI Research Assignment Q.1) “Inferior goods are not those goods in case of which the law of demand fails, inferior goods are those goods in case of which income effect is negative or these are the goods the demand for which decreases when income increases Yes, law of demand fails in case of GIFFIN GOODS. It is in the case of these goods that there is (A) Inverse relationship between income and demand (B) Positive relationship between price and demand.” In the light of above statement explains the following statement with the help of an example: “WHILE ALL GIFFIN GOODS ARE INFERIOR GOODS, ALL INFERIOR GOODS ARE NOT GIFFIN GOODS” Solution:- Demand may be defined as desire backed by adequate purchasing power. Benham therefore says – “the demand for anything at a given price, is the amount of it which will be bought per unit of time at that price.” Law of Demand: - The Law of Demand states that when the price of a commodity rises, there occurs a fall in the amount purchased. Conversely, when the price of a commodity falls, the amount purchased increases. From the Law of Demand it follows...
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...society, and must respond to issues that didn’t exist previously… Our strategy is the best for the sustainable creation of value. — Stephan Schmidheiny, Grupo Nueva and Amanco’s founder1 On January 9, 2006, CEO Roberto Salas arrived at the new Amanco headquarters in São Paulo after a long and strenuous tour through the company’s key units in Latin America. Salas had conducted intense and productive discussions about how to strengthen and standardize Amanco’s Sustainability Scorecard system (SSC), for use in executing Amanco’s new strategy. Amanco was Latin America’s biggest producer and marketer of plastic pipes and fittings for transporting fluid. It had dominant positions in Colombia and Ecuador, and was a major competitor in Brazil and Mexico. Amanco had become a top brand while establishing a reputation as a leading company in corporate social responsibility. Julio Moura, Amanco’s chairman, explained, “Customers want products that improve the society in which they exist and that protect the environment.”2 Salas reflected on the company’s recent financial performance (summarized in Exhibit 1): Amanco has lived by its triple bottom line values and become one of the Latin American’s most admired socially responsible companies. It has received several awards for being a “best” place to work. Concurrently, our revenues went from $520 million in 2001 to $688 million in 2005, with EBITDA jumping from $52 million to $84 million. For 2006, we expect revenues of $770...
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...phase. ◆ Consider what the key elements of an import or export transaction are in business. ◆ Discover how the three key documents in import/export, the letter of credit, the draft, and the bill of lading, combine to both finance the transaction and to manage its risks. ◆ Identify what the documentation sequence is for a typical international trade transaction. ◆ Learn how the various stages and their costs impact the ability of an exporter to enter a foreign market and potentially compete in both credit terms and pricing. ◆ See what organizations and resources are available for exporters to aid in managing trade risk and financing. ◆ Examine the various trade financing alternatives. The purpose of this chapter is to explain how international trade, exports and imports, is financed. The contents are of direct practical relevance to both domestic firms that just import and export and to multinational firms that trade with related and unrelated entities. The chapter begins by explaining the types of trade relationships that exist. Next, we explain the trade dilemma: exporters want to be paid before they export and importers do not want to pay until they receive the goods. The next section explains the benefits of the current international trade protocols. This is followed by a section describing the elements of a trade transaction and the various documents that are used to facilitate the trade’s completion and financing. The next section identifies international trade risks,...
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...often been said that the WTO dispute settlement system provides an opportunity for developing countries to challenge trade measures taken by developed countries. This essay is an evaluation of whether the above statement reflects the reality of what happens in the dispute settlement system. Introduction The TRIPS Agreement There must be few people that disagree that there are benefits from engaging in trade. Trade across borders has occurred since the early part of human history, and international trading has developed from countries trading within their own borders. The WTO system can be argued not to be a free trade model but as a practical commercial arrangement between member nations. The World Trade Organization (WTO) and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) have been enormously successful over the last 50 years at reducing tariff and other trade barriers among an ever increasing number of countries. If numbers of member nations are an indication of success then the WTO can be considered to be very successful. Crowley (2003) comments that GATT the predecessor to the WTO began in 1947 with only 23 members; Statistics from the website of the WTO show that on the 27th July 2007 the membership of the WTO comprised 151 countries. Several differences between GATT and the WTO can be noted. The first development is the rise of the importance of developing countries within the WTO. The issue of development is not new in either the GATT or the WTO, but it...
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...investment opportunities in the retail sector in the emerging economies through retrospective tracking of their past experiences and opportunities in the future. The paper analyses the reforms and trends that drove growth in the emerging nations' retail markets and the ones that need to be embraced to sustain and accelerate the growth in the future. The focus of the paper would be the BRICS economies with a brief outlook of other economies like Singapore, Indonesia inter alia. Allowance of foreign investment in the retail sector boosted its volume tremendously in Russia and China and triggered a development of sorts that led to flourishing of foreign as well as local players in the same, providing impetus to the rise in the retail market volume. Brazil developed its retail market by taming inflation and making credit easily available. South Africa improved its distribution networks efficiently causing an improved supply chain management and also cashed in on its demography by catering to the needs of its predominantly young population. Indian retail sector thrives mainly on the unorganized sector with organized sector forming a minor chunk of about 8%. The paper analyses how investment in technology, infrastructure and appropriate reforms can fuel the growth of retail market. With abundant opportunities in the virtual world, adopting ecommerce or getting into online retailing, coupled with lowering of transaction costs for the same, will make room for higher profitability and a wider consumer...
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...projects near completion. Nevertheless, we expect average operating income for companies in this segment to rise more than 7% in 2014, supported by the Brazilian government’s focus on infrastructure investments and public-private partnerships. The largest players, which include Construtora Norberto Odebrecht S.A. (Baa3 stable), Construtora Andrade Gutierrez S.A. (Ba1 stable), OAS S.A. (B1 stable) and Mendes Junior Trading e Engenharia S.A. (B1 stable), have been involved in all of the major World Cup projects, including the construction or renovation of stadiums and upgrades to airports and marine ports. Infrastructure projects for the World Cup, estimated at BRL26 billion ($11.5 billion), have been an important contributor to revenues in Brazil during the past few years. Nevertheless, total stadium investments of about BRL 8 billion ($3.5 billion) constitute only a minor portion of the rated players’ total backlog of more than BRL 120 billion ($52.9 billion). At its peak, backlog related to the World Cup represented, on average, about 10% of the total for the large companies in the industry, with the most impact on Construtora Andrade, OAS and Mendes. (See page 8 for impact on rated infrastructure operators.)During the 32 days of the World Cup, heavy construction companies may be negatively affected by a decrease in working hours and lower productivity. Mendes Junior and OAS are more vulnerable to this risk owing to their higher exposure to Brazilian projects. Food and beverage ...
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...Introduction The FIFA World Cup in Brazil took place from the 12th of June to the 13th of July 2014. Attracting approximately one million foreign tourists in just one month (Loretta, 2014) it was without a doubt the major global sporting event of the year. Discussions about holding such an event in yet another developing country where controversial from the start and with regard to the 2016 Olympic Games also held in Brazil, they still are. In this essay I want to evaluate to what extent Brazil as a tourism destination benefitted from the World Cup – or not – and how this affects the destination in the long term. Therefore, I firstly provide three positive impacts on Brazil, of economic, social and environmental nature. This is followed by three negative impacts, divided into the same categories. This is followed by an application of theory about hallmark events and a future perspective of Brazil as a tourist attraction. In the end, I conclude this essay by summarizing the main aspects and giving my personal opinion on the developments described before. Body If we compare the total revenue of the World Cup with the total costs of the tournament, coming from investments such as infrastructure or stadium construction, we can calculate that the economical boost should be around 2.6 Billion Dollars (Harris, 2014). Also, the fact that one million foreign tourists were travelling the country in this period may not be underestimated. A positive experience of local culture and interaction...
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...doing business in brazil Another reason to be excited about the Brazilian economy is that - after several quarters of disappointing growth levels. But doing business in Brazil is notoriously complicated, and there are several things organisations should consider before making the leap. Developing nation Brazil is still considered a developing nation, and although that is often interpreted as a precursor for ‘high growth levels’, it also means that several areas of the economy remain underdeveloped. The consumer base, regulatory environment and sphere of investment are not as mature as those of developed nations, and considerations must be made to that effect. Bureaucracy The reform of the laws and regulations for opening and running a business in Brazil has not adapted at the rate with which the economy has grown, presenting many hurdles to overseas corporations. Brazil ranked 126th out of 183 countries in the World Bank’s latest annual global report which evaluates the ease of starting a business, dealing with construction permits, registering property, and paying taxes. On average, it takes 13 procedures and 119 days of work to start a business in Brazil, and construction permits demand an average 17 procedures and 469 days to finally get authorised. Corruption Brazil has become somewhat notorious for the levels of corruption among its politicians and senior business people. However, a recent report by The Economist suggests that the country is finally ready to...
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...1. Coffee 1. Coffee This chapter defines coffee according to the H.S. code of the Tariff Schedule (Fig. 1-1), covering green coffee beans, regular coffee, instant coffee, and extracts, etc. Coffee beverages (excluding the products categorized as milk beverages) are discussed in the soft drink chapter instead of this chapter. Fig. 1-1: Scope of coverage for coffee in this chapter Item name Green coffee beans Regular coffee Instant coffee Coffee extracts, essensses Description Seeds prepared by removing the outer and inner skins and pulp from the fruits of coffee tree produce. They are dried in the next processing step. Roasted coffee beans prepared by roasting green coffee beans from coffee tree fruits. This category also includes coffee products prepared by grinding these roasted beans. Coffee in soluble powder, granules, and other solid forms prepared by drying extracts of roasted coffee beans. Concentrated extracts of coffee beans, which are used for industrial or processing purposes, such as canned coffee, coffee candies and other confectioneries, etc. H.S. code 0901.11-000 0901.12-000 0901.21-000 0901.22-000 2101.11-210 2101.12-121 2101.11-100 11-290, 12-110 12-122 I. Points to Note in Exports to and Sales in Japan 1. Relevant Laws and Institutional Regulations (1) Regulations and Procedural Requirements for Importing to Japan The importing of coffee is subject primarily to 1) the Plant Protection Act, 2) the Food Sanitation Act, and 3) the Customs Act. Dried...
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