...Investments of Brazil) Submitted to- Submitted By- Mr. Ajay Kumar Paramjit Singh (Assistant Professor) MBA-2B Introduction Brazil has achieved remarkable progress since the mid-1990s, largely owing to a strengthening of public institutions, in particular the inflation targeting framework coupled with exchange rate flexibility and the Fiscal Responsibility Law. Improvement in the social area has also been impressive, with a remarkable fall in poverty and inequality. Most product markets have been opened up, and labour market informality has receded. The count1ry is now reaping the benefits of economic stability and increasing resilience, which, together with a timely macroeconomic policy response combining monetary easing, some fiscal stimulus and credit expansion, allowed Brazil to withstand the 2008-09 global financial crisis well. Real GDP growth of 7.5% in 2010 was the highest since 1986 and the fifth-best performance amongst the G20 countries (Table 1). This robust growth is estimated to have removed all remaining slack from the economy. Over the next two years, real GDP growth is foreseen to slow to less than 4%, well below trend rates of around 4.5% per year. Domestic demand...
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...average living standards * Changes to the distribution of income between groups within the population National Income can be measured by three approaches: 1. Aggregating National Production - the output method 2. Aggregating National Income - the income method 3. Aggregating National Expenditure- the expenditure method Most pre-dominant method is Expenditure method which can be summarized as below- Y = C + I + G + (X-M) Where, Y = Total demand for domestic output (GDP) C = consumption spending by households I = investment spending by businesses and households G = government purchase of goods and services X = exports of the country M = imports of the country Tabular data of the components of GDP- | (All values in USD billion dollars) | | | | | | | Gross National Income | Gross Domestic Product | Gross National Product | Exports | Imports | Government Spending | Consumer Spending | South Africa | 770.8 | 384.31 | 770.8 | 86.455 | 97.224 | 159.94 | 498.012 | Brazil | 2329 | 2533 | 2169.624 | 238.952 | 235.86 | 487.42 | 1383.48 | India | 1704 | 1841.7 | 1666.08 | 317 | 439 | 114 | 614 | China | 6673.94 | 8230 | 8311.585 | 2207.262 | 1955.274 | 1149.608 | 3065.618 | Russia | 1522.27` | 2014.8 | 1944.01 | 523.98 | 335.08 | 216.39 | 699.23 | Indonesia | 844.27 | 878.04 | 742.47 | 180.968 | 184.001 | 19.928 | 98.107 | Aggregate GDP data for all the nations for the past 10 years....
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...CHAPTER 23 Measuring a Nation’s Income Economics PRINCIPLES OF N. Gregory Mankiw Premium PowerPoint Slides by Ron Cronovich © 2009 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning, all rights reserved In this chapter, look for the answers to these questions: What is Gross Domestic Product (GDP)? How is GDP related to a nation’s total income and spending? What are the components of GDP? How is GDP corrected for inflation? Does GDP measure society’s well-being? 1 Micro vs. Macro Microeconomics: The study of how individual households and firms make decisions, interact with one another in markets. Macroeconomics: The study of the economy as a whole. We begin our study of macroeconomics with the country’s total income and expenditure. MEASURING A NATION’S INCOME 2 Income and Expenditure Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures total income of everyone in the economy. GDP also measures total expenditure on the economy’s output of g&s. For the economy as a whole, income equals expenditure because every dollar a buyer spends is a dollar of income for the seller. MEASURING A NATION’S INCOME 3 The Circular-Flow Diagram a simple depiction of the macroeconomy illustrates GDP as spending, revenue, factor payments, and income Preliminaries: Factors of production are inputs like labor, land, capital, and natural resources. Factor payments are payments to the factors of production...
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...strong economic prospects, and its fiscal budget is balanced. Exports for Canada are roughly a third of the GDP, with the United States absorbing 80% of its exports per year. However despite Merchant’s report of Canada’s soundness, how well a country performs for their own economy is really more important by having the right trading partners, technology advance products and services, and being able produce these services in areas that need and want them at right margin prices. Here we will assess Canada’s: Principal imports and exports, gross national product (GNP) demographics of the population, and per capita income. In addition I will also discuss Canada’s target markets and recommended products (goods or services) that I believe would benefit Canada. Note: Line spacing is off, see APA 6th for correct spacing Principle Imports and Exports The significance of imports and exports provide the consumer with products and services they want and need, ultimately imports and exports affect the economy. Products and services provide choices especially products produced from foreign countries. Despite the benefits of products and services by countries abroad, countries need to consider a balance in relation to imports and exports. If too many imports are shipped to a country they can offset the balance of the exports causing distortion of a nation’s balance of trade and this could devalue its currency. The value of one countries currency is the country’s biggest determinants of a...
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...The purpose of the data exercises is to ensure that you are familiar with the methodology of collecting data from the web and analyzing it. These exercises include collecting the required data, creating a graph or table to present this information, and two to three double-spaced pages of analysis of the data - GDP growth: recessions and cycles. GDP Growth: Recessions and Cycles Figure 1 - US Real GDP 1930 – 2014 with 2009 as the Base Year Source: (Shiller, 2015); (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2015) Figure 1 above shows the real Gross Domestic product (GDP) of the United States for the years 1930 to 2014. Real GDP is essential and important as it shows the general soundness of the economy. Thus, when real GDP is high it means other macroeconomic factors such as employment and economic growth are positive and vice versa. This is because real GDP is substantially correlated to these macroeconomic factors. Therefore, the chart above shows that America’s GDP has been growing steadily over the years. This consistent growth has seen to it that America’s real GDP hit a high of 16.16 trillion U.S. dollars up from a low of around 1.06 trillion U.S. dollars in 1930. It is also apparent that the steady growth in the real GDP has led to many significant improvements in the economy and standards of living. Thus, it is evident that the standards of living and other macroeconomic factors are better now than in the mid nineteen hundreds (OpenStax College, 2014). Further, statistical...
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...Brazil Brazil is one of South America’s most influential and powerful Countries, and leading its cause to become one of the world’s most influential counties. Brazil is one of the BRICS countries. BRICS refers to Brazil Russia India China and South Africa becoming economic figures due to their newly advanced economic development. Much of brazil’s increase in wealth comes down to the vast amount of natural resources in the country such as Iron ore a resource craved by many large manufacturing nations, furthering this Brazil has recently been able to capitalise on their offshore oil resources allow them to become self-sufficient for energy an area where they previously struggled and relied heavily on other nations. Gross National Income (GNI) refers to the level of economic activity produced in a country in any one year. Since 2007 Brazils GNI per capita (per person) has nearly doubled, from $6,100 in 2007 to $11,630 in 2012 with a yearly rise around currently around 5% very much likely to continue. (data from http://data.worldbank.org/country/brazil ) This increase in both GNI and GNI per capita shows Brazils continuing success and development. Brazil currently have a GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of $2.45 trillion meaning its ranked 6th in the world charts a massive growth of a once mass poverty stricken undeveloped country (data from http://www.statisticbrain.com/countries-with-the-highest-gdp/ ). The main cause of the GNI increased levels along with its vast levels of natural...
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...Brazil is amongst the leading developing nations and has sustained a decent economic growth for years (Alfaro & White, 2013). This commodity boom gave rise to the country’s export. However, the “Custo Brasil” was harming domestic manufacturing, while foreign opportunities threatened to overwhelm Brazilian marketplaces. The Custo Brasil has become the biggest factor in declining competitiveness of the country followed by poor infrastructure and undeveloped education system. According to Alfaro & White (2013), “poor infrastructure further hindered national growth.” In 2009, Brazil’s (2013) investment-to-GDP ratio dropped causing some analysts to suspect that weak infrastructure investment would be a future “bottleneck to growth.” Under the leadership of Dilma Rouseff, Brazil’s economic growth had gone stale and Rouseff’s administration battled to get the best balance between reducing inflation, maintaining exchange rate, and enhancing the competition of its exports. The government expenditures (2013) consume more than 40 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). Its overall pace of regulatory reform had slowed and the ax burden is much heavier than other emerging economies. It could be government corruption, insecurity of private property rights, or it’s dependent on commodity exports. Rouseff and her administration worked to improve competitiveness by addressing the issue of improving infrastructure. Its strategy was the public-private partnership aiming to provide jobs...
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...world power. Authority of United States of America was established and after a prolonged cold war with the other waning super power, USSR, the power slowly shifted towards the western democracies led by US. Japan was quick to recover too and through its technological innovations & business practices soon became a formidable force despite its relatively smaller area, population and insignificant military prowess. Economic might had become the new centre of gravity and formations like G6, a club of the rich, involving US, Japan France, Germany, Italy and UK emerged in 1975. Origin of G-20 After the second world war, free from occupation and external aggression countries like India and China, initially stayed aloof addressing their own domestic concerns, building their nations. It took some time for these countries to integrate themselves in the world economy. Meanwhile they continued to grow rapidly in terms of population, a factor that they could later leverage when they would start to open up. Slowly even with relatively lower per capita GDP but a big enough population and favourable age structure their overall impact in world economy could no longer be ignored. In the meantime, Developed countries were at their peak. The way in which business would be done was changing world over. Spurred by the information technology (IT) revolution, trade liberalization and other economic reforms, the entry of an estimated 2 billion people into the labor force as a result of the breakdown...
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...in growth or decline. The countries that I will be discussing within this report are going to be South Africa, Brazil; both of these countries are going to be compare to the UK’s 3 industry sectors. These are 3 different countries with; 3 different economical situations, systems and backgrounds. The economy of South Africa, is the largest in Africa with 24% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) meaning it is ranked 29th in the international monetary. The economy of Brazil is the 6th largest according to the nominal GDP, and also expected to become 5th by the end of 2012. Its economy is the largest in Latin America nations, and second largest in the western hemisphere, whereas the UK’s economy has the 7th largest GDP also according to the nominal rank, meaning it has the 3rd largest GDP in Europe. South Africa’s primary sector is in growth by 15%, which is contributed towards the countries general GDP. A majority of its primary sector activities is drawn, from gold mining and agriculture. Coal, gold, platinum, diamond, metal and minerals are most common things that are being mined for. Other types of agriculture activities going o within South Africa would be; forestry, fishing and quarrying, whereas Brazil earns its money for the primary sector from coffee beans, beef, tropical hardwood and oranges, it also owns 180,000 barrels of oil, all this concludes to Brazils primary sector being in growth. Both of these countries are much better of, compared to the UK's primary sector...
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...Group - 1 INTRODUCTION OF PESTEL ANALYSIS For the development of any country many factors plays vital role. The trades as well as all the factors are interrelated. One of the most important factors affecting the expansion of country is PESTEL This analysis provides a holistic view of any country from historical current and future. This analysis on critical, current and future is presented through detail is called SCPT. That means (strengths, challenges, prospects, and threats). Analysis of each segments the PESTLE country analysis provides an in depth analysis of 50 major countries This classification is distinguishes between PESTEL mainly contains following points : Political factors Economic factors Social factors Technological factors Environmental factors Legal factors FEATURES OF PESTEL ANALYSIS OF MALAYSIA Get trend and forecast of real GDP growth rate of Malaysia. Get trend of consumption expenditure in percentage of GDP in Malaysia. Research and development factors of Malaysia. Technological factors of Malaysia. Get trend of growth of population rate in Malaysia. Get trend of unemployment rate in Malaysia. Get trend of savings and consumption as well as investment and expenditure in percentage in GDP of Malaysia. BENEFITS OF PESTEL ANALYSIS IN MALAYSIA Political section on Malaysia provides get the information about the whole political system governors indicators and all key figures in the country. From economic section we get all...
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.... | Country Analysis | Brazil | | . | [Pick the date] | AHMEDABAD MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION | Submitted to Prepared by Dr.P.V.Desai Sagar Sakariya CONTENT Introduction | | Brazil annual report: Economic Indicator | | Government and Politics | | Foreign Relations | | States and Municipality | | Geography | | Climate | | Component and Energy | | Transport | | Demography | | Main Drivers for Doing business in Brazil | | Mani Challenges of Doing Business in Brazil | | Summary of Indicator- Doing business in Brazil | | List of Procedure | | PESTLE | | Political * Political system * Change in government * Lula administration focus area * Law | | Economic * Economy of Brazil * Industrial output * Key industries * FDI | | Sociological * Culture * Language * General attitude * Personal appearance | | Technological * Technology research * Information technology * R & D * Technology policy of Brazil * Brazilian industry and Technology | | Legal * Legal system of Brazil * Municipality * Court and justice | | Environment * National * The Future | | Introduction Brazil is the largest and most powerful country in South America and has become one of the world's most...
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...GLOBAL BUSINESS FINANCE ASSIGNMENT ECUADOR INTRODUCTION Ecuador officially the Republic of Ecuador which literally translates to the Republic of the Equator) is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the w It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border with Brazil. The country also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about 1,000 kilometers (620 mi) west of the mainland. Ecuador straddles the equator, from which it takes its name, and has an area of 283,561 km2, 109,415 sq ml. Its capital city is Quito, which was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in the 1970s for having the best preserved and least altered historic center in Latin America. The country's largest city is Guayaquil. The historic center of Cuenca, the third largest city in the country, was also declared a World Heritage Site in 1999.. Ecuador is also home to a great variety of species, many of them endemic, like those of the Galápagos islands. This species diversity makes Ecuador one of the seventeen megadiverse countries in the world. Ecuador is a presidential republic and became independent in 1830, after having been part of the Spanish colonial empire and the republic of Gran Colombia. It is a medium-income country with an HDI score of 0.695 (2010), and...
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...Import Substitution and Industrialization in Latin Amercia: Experiences and Interpretations Author(s): Werner Baer Source: Latin American Research Review, Vol. 7, No. 1 (Spring, 1972), pp. 95-122 Published by: The Latin American Studies Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2502457 Accessed: 26/08/2009 09:21 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=lamer. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. The Latin American Studies Association...
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...BRIC: Currency Depreciation in Russia and Brazil ◎D0131160 Irina Chen ◎D0131187 Gloria Chang ◎D0173297 Sunny Chiu ◎D0173270 Doris Chen ◎D0173670 Athena Du Contents Abstract ..................................................................................... 2 Brazil ......................................................................................... 3 Why Brazil become the BRIC ................................................... 3 What was behind Brazil’s Depreciation? ................................. 8 Russia ...................................................................................... 13 Why Russia become the BRIC?.............................................. 13 What was behind the Ruble depreciation? ........................... 19 Comparison and Similarities between Russia and Brazil ....... 24 In the Future ........................................................................... 25 The Future of Brazil ............................................................... 25 The future of Russia .............................................................. 25 Conclusion ............................................................................... 26 Contributor ............................................................................. 27 Reference ................................................................................ 27 1 Abstract The BRIC is the acronym of four nations, including Brazil, Russia, India and China. The conception of...
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...come to mind are innovative, growth, and mass-production. This is because over the last thirty years, Chinese economic growth in Gross Domestic Profit (GDP) has been a steady 8 to 10 percent making it the second largest economy in the world after the United States. China’s economy has been the envy of many nations and it will continue to grow and serve as a key player in industrial production. This research paper will discuss China’s current economy by looking at its advantages and disadvantages during its development. According to IndexMundi.com, a website that offers an economic overview of china’s economy as of 2012, in 2010 is when China became the world’s largest exporter. China is rapidly becoming a dominant world power. Its economy grew fascinatingly fast and they now have the second largest economy in the world. Even though this growth is very remarkable, China still faces a lot of issues. A major issue is that of the urban rural disparity gap. With a population of 1.3 billion, China is still considered a developing country. “China’s gross national income per capita of $4,940 ranked 114th in the world; and over 170 million people still live below the $1.25-a-day international poverty line”(The World Bank). The year 2005 proved to be another great year for China’s economy. According to the Chinese bureau of Statistics, Chinas Gross national product in 2005 increased 9.9% from its 2004 level to reach 18232.1 billion RMB. This marks the fourth straight year where GDP growth...
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