...the 3O₂ molecules it breaks the C-H bonds and the other hydrocarbon bonds that are in the ethanol molecule also break resulting in the release of energy and on once these bonds are broken and new molecules are formed and these new molecules are the products of the ethanol...
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...for each exercise/experiment carefully before completing the exercises/experiments and answering the questions. * Save your Lab 4 Answer Sheet in the following format: LastName_Lab4 (e.g., Smith_Lab4). * You should submit your document as a Word (.doc or .docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf) file for best compatibility. Pre-Lab Questions 1. How could you test to see if an enzyme was completely saturated during an experiment? - Add more substrate and record the rate. If the rate of the reaction is constant, all the enzymes are saturated. 2. List three conditions that would alter the activity of an enzyme. Be specific with your explanation. * Temperature – Cold temperature will cause the enzyme to work slow, hot temperature will cause the enzyme to increase the movement making it less stable. * PH – Difference in range in the PH scale can alter the shape of the enzyme’s active site * Concentration Of Substrate – Less or more of enzymes to substrates ratio will affect the rate of collisions between the two affecting the number of reactions. 3. Take a look around your house and identify household products that work by means of an enzyme. Name the products, and indicate how you know they work with an enzyme. * Meat Tenderizer – Breaks down larger proteins into smaller proteins to make the meat easier to chew. * Laundry Detergent – When mixed with water they break down stains resulting in clean clothes. Experiment 1:...
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...one of them, our body would receive the consequences. Carbohydrates are one of the most essential sources of energy for our body. They a composed of the three elements, carbon (C), hydrogen (H) oxygen (O), and in the ratio of 1:2:1. With the general formula Cn(H2O)n. There are three common groups under carbohydrates, which are monosaccharide (simple sugar), oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. All of these groups possess different carbon structural and function between one another. There are many types of experiments that can be conducted to identify and differentiate the group from each other. Thus, the alb activity can surely help to further understanding between the relationship of the groups’ structure and their function. Materials: benedict reagent 10 cm3 measuring cylinder iodine solution 9 boiling tubes distilled water 2 test tubes potato tube holder flour water bath 0.01% glucose solution 1 molar Hydrochloric acid HCI 0.1% glucose solution Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate NaHCO3 1% glucose solution Light microscope w juice Microscope slide and coverslip y juice Razor blade z juice White tile mortar and pestle Spatula Methods: - The instructions and the lab safety procedures were being followed carefully. - The waste materials were ensured to be safely disposed in a proper ways. - Observation and results of the experiments were...
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...During this experiment our group was tasked to answer the question of how many of drops of pH (either HCl or NaOH) it would take to render the enzyme useless and stop the digestion and breaking down of the substrate. The enzyme that we were using to answer this question was invertase. Invertase is an enzyme that splits the substrate sucrose into the component parts glucose and fructose, while sucrose, our substrate, is common table sugar. Throughout this experiment we learned a lot more about the resistance some enzymes have and how they break down their substrates. We conducted this experiment in a very basic and repetitive way. We started off by eight test tubes with all of them with filled with a dropper of invertase and sucrose. Half of the test tubes were filled with HCl and the other half NaOH. They were filled with 5, 10, 15, and 25 drops of each pH. We then put ten drops of Benedict’s Solution into each of the test tubes and boiled them either until...
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...report will talk about the experiment that was conducted to see what percent of hydrogen peroxide had the greatest reaction with the potato cube. The enzyme in this experiment was catalase, which could be found inside of the potato cube. The substrate was the hydrogen peroxide. The role of the potato cube was to react with the hydrogen peroxide causing it to break down at a quicker rate which released oxygen (O₂). Three factors that could influence the enzyme’s activity is the temperature, the acidity level and the amount of substrate that was present. The goal of this experiment was to determine the effect of varying percentages of hydrogen peroxide on the oxygen production. The hypothesis was, the greater the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, the faster of a reaction it will have with a 1 inch by 1 inch potato cube. This would be due to the greater substrate concentration. Methods:...
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...science. This cool experiment on the luminescent science behind glow sticks is one of many fantastic and informative videos on YouTube hosted by Steve Spangler. 3. Inertia Experiment This basic experiment using a pen cap, a bottle, and a crochet hoop demonstrates one of Sir Isaac Newton's most fundamental principles-"an object at rest stays at rest." 4. How to Make a Rain Cloud in a Bottle Teach kids the curious process of condensation with a bicycle pump, a soda bottle, and a few other simple items. This is a great way to teach the science behind everyday weather. 5. Afraid of Pop Rocks? Discovery Channel's venerable Mythbusters team uses science to debunk the popular urban legend that the combination of Pop Rocks and soda could cause your stomach to explode. Use this video to talk with your class about how to pose scientific questions. 6. How Do You Keep an Egg from Breaking? How Stuff Works creator Marshall Brain offers a kid-friendly look at the science behind a shattering egg. How can you drop an egg from a height of two feet and not have it break? Watch this video with your students and invite them to figure it out! 7. What Is Surface Tension? Surface tension is what allows a paper clip float in a glass of water. Teacher and author of the Quirkles series, Terri Johnson, shares a simple science experiment on surface tension using dish soap, milk, and food coloring. 8. C02 is Heavier than Air Using household ingredients, this experiment illustrates the weight...
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...This experiment was designed to test whether yeast is able to metabolize with different types of sugars. In this experiment the four sugars that were tested were milk sugar or lactose (disaccharide), table sugar or sucrose (disaccharide), blood sugar or glucose (monosaccharide), and starch (polysaccharide) . Specific amounts of the four sugars were mixed with a specific amount of the yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae, separately to test how the yeast respire using different sugars. Yeast are unicellular, single-celled organisms. Yeast has a nucleus, making them eukaryotic (Khan). Yeast is beneficial to humans because it is used in baking bread, beer and wine. The use of yeast in baking bread helps it to expand and rise (Bakeinfo). Beer, wine,...
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...Psychologists aim to break through previous understandings of the human mind, but there is always a question as to whether or not the tests go too far. Milgram intended to break down the understanding of why people allowed the Holocaust to happen, but many people question the necessity of his experiment. In the article Some Conditions of Obedience and Disobedience to Authority, we learn that Milgram set up an experiment to see if the subjects would shock someone to the point of physical harm in order to obey the authority of a scientist. The fact of the matter is, in order to understand things they must be tested. Whether or not this experiment seemed like a necessity, it would have eventually been carried out in some fashion in order to understand an event such as the Holocaust. Milgram examined the obedience...
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...is the enzyme that breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose. The purpose of this lab experiment was to determine under what environment the enzymatic reaction between sucrose and sucrase would produce the most products and the rate of production. To determine the rate of reaction, Benedicts Reagent was used to identify the amount of glucose produced from the enzymatic reaction. Benedicts Reagent is used to detect the presence of glucose and indicates the results with varying degrees of color. We were successful in our endeavors to measure this rate of reaction with Benedicts Reagent and conclude that the higher the substrate or enzyme concentration, the faster the rate. The process of using Benedicts Reagent to measure glucose levels is also used in urine analysis for people with diabetes. Introduction: All living organisms need to supply themselves with nutrients and as humans, we use the process of digestion to break down and extrapolate the nutrients from our food to maintain and fuel our bodies. In order to perform digestion our bodies use enzymes, which are biological catalysts. They are made of proteins that responsible for the chemical reactions essential to sustaining life. Enzymes have three major characteristics: increase the rate of reaction, are substrate specific and lower the energy barrier it takes to for reactants to occur. Enzymes can also react differently under certain conditions and concentration levels, being the most productive at their...
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...Kiara Brown April 11, 2016 Living Write up Experiment I decided to violate a social norm. I choose this option for the living write up experiment because I feel like it is very out of my comfort zone. Violating social norms is not something that people do on an everyday basis and after completing this experiment, I feel as if we should. Of the five behaviors to choose from, I chose to get into an elevator that is crowded with complete strangers and introduce myself once the elevator doors closed. So in order to complete this experiment, I did not want to try it in just any old elevator. I chose to go to a Corporate Real Estate building in downtown Norfolk. I chose this building simply because of type of people that would most likely be using the elevators. I also chose a specific time to use the elevator as well. I chose lunch time because I figured this would be the time that most people would be on the elevator besides early in the morning. I figured lunch time would be the most interesting time because most people can be irritable before they eat and after they eat they can become a bit sluggish and antisocial. To me, this would give me better results rather than in the morning when everyone may be a morning person and actually be ready to work and willing to talk. On the way inside the building, I actually started to become very nervous. I was not sure how it was going to go so I was anticipating the outcome. On the elevator, I introduced myself to two people as there...
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...Introduction Through this lab, we are trying to find out if 6 drops of the enzyme pectinase, 6 drops of the enzyme cellulose, 3 drops of each enzyme, or 6 drops of distilled water with be most effective in creating apple juice when mixed with 50 grams of apple sauce and then filtered. With that, we need to figure out which will be most cost effective so that the apple juice company knows which substance will benefit them the most. We are aware that pectinase costs $50 per liter and Cellulase costs $100 per liter, which will make an immense impact on the decision, taking data into consideration, of course. When conducting this experiment, our independent variable was substance type. Our different types of substances were pectinase, cellulase,...
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.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Background to the Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Defining the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 The Nature and the Scope of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Risk of Break-ins and Builder Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Selecting and Implementing the Preventive Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Monitoring Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Evaluating the Preventive Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Summary of the Results of the Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Follow-up Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Lessons of the Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Conclusion . . . . . ....
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...In the experiment “Enzyme Jelly Lab”, it was discovered that the hypothesis was rejected. The hypothesis being: If temperature affects enzyme function then fresh pineapple is the best to use when making jello. The rationale behind this hypothesis was that the bonds within the collagen of the fresh pineapple could withstand the temperature up to 70 degrees Celsius. This would allow bonds to repair themselves after cooling. When combined with hot water, the helices form a 3-D structure and is unraveled which would then form gelatin. In canned pineapple, the temperature of 100 degrees Celsius is too high for the peptide bonds to hold together and this would permanently break the bonds. This would not allow the solution to cool and set. After revealing the results, it was discovered that the canned pineapple was the successor out of the two types of pineapple to create jello. This occurred because the canned pineapple...
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...In my Norm Violation assignment I chose to break the common dining etiquette norm of eating with your hands. Since eating with your hands is only deviant behavior in certain dining situations, I chose to break this norm at a local sit-down restaurant in Eugene, Café Soriah. I went to the downtown restaurant with a group of friends for an afternoon meal without telling them of my Norm Violation assignment. Being the only informed one in the experiment seemed like the best way to get the most candid reactions from my peers. When I arrived to the restaurant I immediately noticed several social norms that everyone at the establishment was following. The customers and the staff were well dressed, and everyone was conducting himself or herself in an appropriate indoor manor. Everyone who was dining there was using silverware and had napkins in their laps as well. I also noticed that the group of people I had walked in with had already broken some less serious social norms or folkways. They way we were dressed epitomized college students who were struggling financially and those who did not have dressing nice high on their list of priorities. I could tell that we had instantly acquired stigmas from both the staff and some of the customers, simply by how we were dressed for the setting we were in. However, we were not acting unruly by any means and these stigmatisms seemed to be overlooked once we were seated. We were seated in a very open area of the restaurant and immediately...
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...Jacinta Houng Comparing the Solubility of Chemicals in Water “Water is known as the “universal solvent” because so many different substances dissolve in it and we rely on this for many of our daily needs.” Introduction: Water is known as the ‘universal solvent’ as it is capable of dissolving a variety of different substances and dissolves more substances than any other liquid. However the ability to be soluble depends on a substances polarity and bonding. This then contributes to the various ways that different types of chemicals interact in water. Solubility is crucial to every living thing on earth as water can carry along valuable chemicals, minerals, and nutrients necessary for survival. In fact Water covers 70% of the Earths surface and composes 55-70% of the human body. Water is an excellent solvent due to its chemical composition and physical attributes. According to USGS (http://water.usgs.gov/edu/qa-solvent.html ) Water molecules have a polar arrangement of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms—one side (hydrogen) has a positive electrical charge and the other side (oxygen) has a negative charge. A polar bond is a covalent bond between two atoms where the electrons forming the bond are unequally distributed. This causes the molecule to have a slight electrical dipole moment where one end is slightly positive and the other is slightly negative. "Like dissolves like" is an expression used by chemists to help them remember how solvents work. The expression refers to...
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