...Breast Implants In 1997, the United States had 101,176 people that went through surgery for breast implants and in 2000 that number more than doubled to 203,310; just in those 3 years. The first surgery that was ever performed was in the late nineteenth century; breast implant devices have been used to surgically enhance the size, adjust the shape and enrich the feel of a woman’s breasts. In 1889, the first breast implant surgery was done by Dr. Robert Gersuny, who experimented with paraffin injections, but ended with catastrophic results. In 1930, silicone, a synthetic plastic, was invented for use as a breast implant filler. In 1940’s, Japanese prostitutes had their breasts injected with substances such as paraffin, sponges and non-medical grade silicone to enlarge their breasts, believing that American men favored large breasts sizes. Silicone is a metal-like substance that’s found in nature when it is combined with oxygen which creates silica. Ordinarily beach on the sand and crystals are the real silica. For the silica to turn into silicone it will have to combined with carbon, which will form silicon. It is put though further process, which then becomes polymerized; this process combines the more complex molecules. That’s the method on how they make silicone. There are three ways in which silicone can be processed: A fluid, a gel, and a solid rubber which is known as elastomer. Silicone can even be found in regular everyday items like chewing gum, cleansers, suntan lotion...
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...ENGL 1102 English Composition II-Online 26 June 2015 It is not uncommon as an adult to undergo plastic surgery in America today. However, it is becoming more common for young adults and teenagers to have plastic surgery. One of the more popular plastic surgery routines is getting breast implants. When asked, teenagers expressed that they often feel awkward and flawed, and plastic surgery helps to “fix” their bodies. Teenagers seem to think that plastic surgery is the quick answer to fitting in with their peers. Our society has accepted that individuals of all ages are choosing to go under the knife in attempts to “correct” their bodies; including teenagers. According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS), there were 286,254 breast augmentations performed in the year 2014. Breast augmentation rates as the top procedure for women in America. Breast augmentation is a surgical procedure to increase the shape, size, and fullness of the female breast. While breast augmentation is a customary choice for adult women, the expanding popularity of breast augmentation with teenagers has led to a lot of criticism and speculation. There is little doubt that being a teenager is tough. Hormones, academic stress, and peer pressure are everyday struggles for the average American teen. In addition to this stress put on young females, there is the additional fact that body image is generally a big part of the problem. During teenage years the body is changing, and young...
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...Business Ethics 22 November 2011 Dow Corning and the Silicone Breast Implants The pressures society places on women’s physical appearances can and often has created a psychological weakness on many women’s state of mind and physical well-being. On average people spend in excess of seven billion dollars per year on plastic surgery. The obsession American women have come to believe is normal concerning their physical beauty drives women to plastic surgeons by the millions each year. Women like Selma Hayek, Pamela Anderson, and Dolly Parton are all in essence physical role models for the average woman. Many companies have created products that are used to enhance the female physic from the inside out. This writing will explore the lengths a company will go to in order to gain profit from women who are desperate to enhance their physical appearance. In addition, the ethical practices of a certain company that were set aside to maintain revenues and side step litigation are examined within this paper. The Dow Corning Corporation was once thought to be a stellar company in terms of its ethical business practices. The Dow Corning Corporation was established in 1897 by a Canadian Chemist named Herbert Henry Dow (Dow Corning Breast Implants, 2011). Dow Corning Corporation rapidly became one of the few major manufacturing producers that made silicone products. Considering the fact that the Dow Corning Corporation is the second largest manufacturer of chemicals in the world and the...
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...Are Silicone Breast Implants Safe? Yes. At Naidu Plastic Surgery, safety always comes first: For this reason, Dr. Naidu is very particular about the products and services she offers her patients. In the early 90s, silicone breast implants received a substantial amount of negative press. However, since that time, numerous studies have been conducted to determine if these breast implants increase the risk of a connective tissue disease or breast cancer: None of these studies found a link between these diseases and silicone breast implants. Dr. Nina S. Naidu is confident in the safety of the silicone breast implants used today: A large portion of her confidence in these revolutionary breast enhancement prostheses stems from her participation as an investigator in the Breast Implant Follow-Up Study (BIFS), if you would like to learn more about his study, please visit www.bifs.us....
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...these potential lenders; they would even extend credit to oil companies and accept drilling rigs as collateral. Penn Square bank should have done more research on the oil business; this would have given the bank some inside on how the oil business operates. There were no considerations of professional ethics bankers were not requiring clients to make a substantial down payments for their loans. Penn Square Bank was becoming the laughing stock of the banking industry until the FDIC declared Penn Square Bank insolvent. Bankruptcy Dow Corning was established in 1943 and in the early 60s through mid-90s Dow Corning was manufacturing silicones for breast implants for women who had cancer and also for cosmetic purposes. In the early 1970s some plastic surgeons found that the silicone gel were leaking from their patients breasts implants, but Dow Corning did not make any...
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...ago, silicone breast implants have undergone continuous study and improvement by scientists, researchers and physicians. Development marched forward even during the years when the devices were subject to a ban in the United States – testament to the popularity of the implants with women who were able to get them (in Europe and under special circumstances in the U.S.) and the faith researchers and manufacturers have in the safety and superiority of silicone. To learn more about the latest silicone gel breast implant in Los Angeles, you can receive a FREE consultation with one of our surgeons when you request your appointment online and schedule during select times they have set aside exclusively for Web visitors. Five Silicone Implant Generations The silicone implant invented in 1961 by Dow Corning researchers Thomas Cronin and Frank Gerow became the foundation for the first generation of breast implants. The early devices had a seamed rubber shell filled with a viscous form of silicone gel. They were firm to the touch and had a teardrop shape. Interestingly, it was thought at the time that the implants needed to be attached to existing tissue in order to stay put, so these early models featured Dacron or silicone mesh patches for this purpose (these were later discontinued). During the several years Dow Corning made these implants they refined their design, creating a thinner, seamless shell, for example. The main complaints about the first silicone implants were twofold...
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...Allergan Medical, a division of Allergan, Inc., offers the most comprehensive, science based portfolio of Total Facial Rejuvenation products available, including BOTOX Cosmetic; hyaluronic acid and collagen based dermal fillers; and physician dispensed skin care products. Allergan Medical also offers the industry's widest range of breast implant options for reconstructive and aesthetic breast surgery, and leading minimally invasive devices for obesity intervention treatment. The Product Manager/Sr. Product Manager, Plastic Surgery directs the development, market analysis and implementation of marketing plans for the U.S. Breast products in Augmentation to support achieving sales and profit objectives. This position is responsible for the development and execution of professional and consumer customer marketing plans and resource allocation to ensure realization of long-term product/brand strategies and financial goals. The incumbent will direct and manage sales forecasts, budgets and production forecasts. Along with the Sr. Director Marketing, Plastic Surgery, this position develops Breast business strategy consistent with business unit goals. Qualifications Education and Experience • Bachelors degree in related field, MBA preferred • Five to seven years professional Product Management experience • Knowledge of health care and/or pharmaceutical industry • Supervisory experience preferred • Two years health care field sales experience preferred • Highly...
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...revenue promising a bright future. While on the other hand breaching or ignoring the same business ethics can do more harm and may lead to a market failure and company closure. Ethics play an important role not only while initiating a business but also when it faces issues like that of defective products. The following report will highlight the role of ethical behavior in management of defective product by taking a real example of Breast Implant manufacturing company which had to dissolve following the product failure in the market. This report will discuss the chain of issues that led to the defects and will draw a contrast and a conclusion based upon how PIP behaved ethically in order to deal with such burning issues. Background of the Company Poly Implant Prothèse (PIP) A French company started in 1991 that produced breast implants. 2000: Implant sales in USA halted by an FDA launched moratorium on silicone implants. 2001: PIP began to use unapproved in-house manufactured industrial-grade instead of medical grade silicon in the majority of its implants. 2003: the first signs of legal problems and financial losses can be traced by regulatory filings. 2009: Concerns surfaced in France first in 2009 when surgeons started reporting an abnormally high rupture rates. Resulting in a flood of legal complaints and hence bankruptcy. 2011: French officials say that an action plan is underway following the death of a woman from ALCL. The French...
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...As a manager at the Dow Chemical Company overseeing the silicon breast implant litigation, I would opt to conduct a full-scale advertising campaign focused on describing “…the benefits of silicone products. Without mentioning the breast-implant issue,” and “tell numerous heart-wrenching tales about how silicone products have saved the lives of children. “ I think this would be the most strategic way to handle this situation given the circumstances. By design, this campaign would yield many benefits for Dow Chemical’s business. First of all, this campaign would distract the general public from the negative aspects of the silicone products business and focus them on the positive aspects. I am confident that appealing to people’s emotions is truly effective and would help Dow Chemicals restore their corporate image. By providing facts about some “heart-wrenching” situation about how silicone products save numerous lives of children we would blur the negative conception about silicone products, if not completely remove it. The general public responds well to messages that have a strong emotional flow. If the advertising campaign would not be able to remove the bad perception of silicone products from the general public, it would at least impose a sense of differentiation in regards to the silicone products. By default, people associate silicone with the silicone breast implants. This advertising campaign would aim to make people associate the silicone products with something...
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...Why one should avoid Cosmetic Surgery? There is always a high standard of beauty in our societies. As the development of beauty pageants and beauty industry show, women are eager to change their appearance in different ways such as make-up or dieting. However, beauty that comes from all of these methods can never last long due to the effect of aging. Women are then trying to look for ways that keep beauty permanent. Cosmetic surgery is a type of surgery that can reshape or enhance a body part in order to improve outward appearance. There are many kinds of cosmetic surgery these days, such as breast enlargement and nose reshaping. All of these surgeries claim to be the best way for permanent beauty. Because of its great advantages, cosmetic surgery has been recently rising in popularity. However, no cosmetic surgery solely for aesthetic purposes should allowed to be performed as it is only a surgery to improve physical appearance rather than a real medical need. Also, there are many disadvantages for having cosmetic surgery, including side effects that might cause health problems, and the high costs in surgery. There is no doubt that cosmetic surgery is popular these days as people who are suffering from body image problems might believe that cosmetic surgery can help rebuild their self-confidence. According to a survey which shows that those in America, more than 56% of women and 43% of men are actually not satisfied with their own appearance. "That dissatisfaction motivates...
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...marketing behaviors could potentially cause such extreme damage to a company. So much damage, that the name or image of the company could be negatively impacted forever. Dow Corning Corporation (DCC) is just one of many corporations that have gone to trial and unsuccessfully fought cases against the public in regards to product liability. DCC is the leading global silicone supplier based out of the United States. DCC offers many products and services, but we will be discussing the use of silicone gel-filled breast implants. “In December 1991, a San Francisco jury awarded a California woman $7.34 million in retributive damages.” (Journal of Marketing, pg. 44) The jury found that DCC had marketed her a defective silicone gel-filled breast implant that made her autoimmune disease extremely worsen. DCC did not market the potential side effects that could come from using the product. DCC did not make consumers aware of the risks associated with using the silicone gel-filled implants, which is why the jury found them guilty and penalized them so...
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...The Increase of Plastic Surgery Worldwide These days it seems like everybody is getting plastic surgery without hesitation. Plastic surgery was limited before to repair or correct birth defects or injuries of people. When the procedures became less invasive, the doctor’s techniques improved and the material needed for procedures cost less, society began to use plastic surgery for cosmetic purposes. Cosmetic surgery has become more accessible to a wider segment of the population worldwide and be accepted in many countries as a normal procedure. There are many people from different parts of the world that are obsessed to change their physical appearance. In the article “Mannequins Give Shape to a Venezuelan Fantasy” Meridith Kohut who writes for The New York Times, talks about a Venezuelan business man who owns a mannequin factory and he decides to reinvent the figurine’s shape in order to reflects the curvy body shape of the Venezuelan woman and increase his sales with the new mannequin created. Kohut shows on her article how obsessed Venezuelans have become for international beauty competitions and cosmetic surgery, she even points out their socialist’s government concern about the commercialism associated to those cosmetic procedures. I agree with the author that shows the increasing grow in popularity of cosmetic surgeries and treatments in Venezuela. However, there are so many countries besides Venezuela that are tangled with the same cosmetic obsession and the procedures...
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...of the beholder; but that seems to have changed over time. The way the media has portrayed beauty it gives off an illusion of what a teenager growing up is supposed to look like once they are older. This has caused for teenagers to chase an impossible goal of being picture perfect and are willing to take risks to look the way they wish to. The most popular cosmetic surgeries between teens under the of 18 are: Otoplasty (ear surgery), Rhinoplasty (nose reshaping), Breast reduction,Correction of breast asymmetry and Treatment of Gynecomastia. (The American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery). These surgeries seem to be what teenagers feel may be what is holding them back from reaching their goal perfection without thinking of the risks.In the media almost everyone has the perfect body and the perfect face. By seeing this so much in the media cosmetic surgery seems like the easy way to reach the goals of looking "perfect" without knowing the risks. According to the article Journal of Adolescent Health, breast implants typically last approximately 10 years. The likelihood of capsular contracture and other complications requiring surgery also increase over time, so that an adolescent...
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...Plastic Surgery - Enormous Increase in Uptake by Younger Women Professor Laurence Kirwan, one of the world's leading plastic surgeons, who has appeared on BBC Breakfast to comment on the PIP breast implant scandal and who wrote in the Mail on Sunday (British newspaper) how cosmetic surgery can prolong life, has said that more and more young women between the ages of 35 and 40 years have cosmetic surgery. Professor Kirwan says that the number of women between 35 and 40 years who have cosmetic surgery every single year for 5 years has risen by 5%. He says that most young women opt for 'liquid lifts', injections of facial fillers, which typically consist of hyaluronic acid, a gel-like substance that occurs naturally in the skin and helps retain moisture to make cheeks look fuller and lift sagging jaws. The 'liquid lifts' together with Botox freeze the muscles to lift drooping eyebrows by interfering with nerve transmission. Younger women tend to choose a short-scar facelift (SSFL), whereby the skin is pulled upwards and then pulled back over the bony structures of the face, whilst fat pads that have dropped with aging are repositioned into their proper place. This new and nonintrusive procedure only has a maximum two-week down time costs about £10,000 ($16,000) with results lasting for as long as 10 years. Kirwan says: "This is a miracle treatment for many young women wanting to cut off the effects of ageing at the pass. They don't want to wait until they look older...
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...surgery for teenagers We do all know from the international marked, that things which are difficult to achieve or very rarely seen, always have been valuable to humanity. It’s exactly the same when it comes to the ideal body. In this cultural society where teens are constantly bombarded with images of beautiful people which is bad for the teens mentalities. This has caused a huge pressure on the young people, who want to be considered as attractive. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons estimates that more than 330, 000 adolescents-most of all female-underwent cosmetic procedures in 2007. Some adolescents use cosmetic surgeries to achieve their goals. The sort of surgeries that are frequently used to altering the body is nose jobs, breast augmentation, ear reshaping and liposuction. All those encroachments to change the human nature, takes the nonprofit organization National Research Center for Women and Families an interest in, as a way to improve the health of women and children. As a representative for the organization Diana Zuckerman blames the decision about what beauty should look like as one of the factors that affects the teens during their high-emotional and self-realization period where they only want “to fit in”. Some surgeons argue that the surgeries can increase the teenagers’ self-esteem. This statement is debated all over the world, but there’s no data to suggest that cosmetic surgeries can improve the self-esteem. Dr. John Canedy comments on Valerie Ulens’s:...
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