...expectant parents will make. This choice is predominantly constituted based upon the mother’s comfort level, her lifestyle, and whether she may face any medical condition(s) that may hinder her ability to nurse; however, there are also an extensive amount of mothers who derive their preference based upon what medical literature, healthcare providers, and public health campaigns claim is most beneficial for their child. By tradition, medical literature, healthcare providers, and public health campaigns such as the American Association of Pediatrics (AAP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), and the World Health Organization (WHO), have represented the “benefits of breastfeeding,” comparing the health outcomes amongst babies who imbibe their mother’s breast milk against babies who imbibe formula milk. Breastfeeding supplies infants with ideal nourishment. Hormann proves this in her article when she states that, “Human milk is not only the ‘best’ but the only species- specific nutrition for human infants” (p. 352). Breast milk is often considered to be the “perfect food” for their digestive system. The lactose, protein (whey and casein), and fat in the milk are digested by a baby’s immature system without any difficulty. Breastfed infants struggle less with digestion than do formula-fed infants, causing the breast-fed infants to have a smaller amount of occurrences of diarrhea or constipation. Breast milk is also known to be very rich in the nutrients that an infant needs to remain...
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...milk. Depending on its audience, this alternative was seen as a lifesaving option, a modern way to feed a child or a shameful health risk. Many people who have heard about the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes have expressed interest in knowing more about it. Baby food for the infants is the most sensitive one. Doctors suggest exclusive breast feeding for the infants. But for some cases like sickness, temporary disablement or for any other reasons mothers cannot breast feed to their babies. And for that they have to choose infant formula for their infants. Like any other products, parents of infant go through a selection process to choose a baby food. The purpose of this document is to provide concepts and terms of business ethics regarding marketing infant formula or baby food in the developed and low developing countries. Some of the scenarios of Bangladeshi baby food industries have also been analyzed. What is the International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitute The Code is a set of recommendations to regulate the marketing of breast-milk substitutes, feeding bottles and teats. The Code was formulated in response to the realization that poor infant feeding practices were negatively affecting the growth, health and development of children, and were a major cause of mortality in infants and young children. Poor infant feeding practices therefore were a serious obstacle to social and economic development. The 34th session of the World Health...
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...While researching topics for this project I was directed to the www.brighthub.com website which had an article titled “Real-World Examples of Bad Business Ethics”. The article provided brief descriptions of alleged, unethical business decisions made by McDonald’s, Mattel, Nestlé, Wal-Mart and Citibank. This paper will focus on Nestlé’s unethical marketing of artificial baby milk. The unethical practices of promoting infant formula to new mothers in developing countries was first presented in 1966 in a pamphlet by Dr. Derrick B. Jelliffe titled Child Nutrition in Developing Countries. Dr. Jelliffe, an expert in child nutrition and Director of the Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute, published the pamphlet in an effort to call attention to the dangers of bottle feeding in traditional and semi-sophisticated populations. From 1966 to 1972, Dr. Jelliffe advocated for restraint on the part of infant formula companies and suggested that government, industry and physicians work together for the health of infants (Newton). It was in 1973 though that the infant formula controversy became public when an article titled “Babies Mean Business” was published in the New Internationalist magazine. The article outlined several unethical marketing practices that manufacturers were engaged in in an effort to promote breast milk substitute to new mothers, doctors and hospitals. One of these practices involved uniformed milk nurses, who were paid a commission by the manufacturer, to distribute...
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...1. Situation Analysis For more than 20 years, Nestle Alimentana of Vevey Switzerland, one of the world’s largest food-processing companies, has been the focus of an international boycott involving the death of Third World Infants as a result of their unethical advertising, marketing and sale of infant feeding formula to incapable mothers. In this case, Nestle was accused of hard-selling their products to mothers in Third World countries who were incapable of the proper use of the products, and encouraging them to use powdered milk formulas as a substitute for breastfeeding. As a result, the increased use of the product caused malnutrition and mass deaths of babies in developing countries. The controversy began to arise in the 1960’s when breastfeeding rates rapidly declined as infant food companies began to expand their markets into developed countries. Nestle was first charged with the allegations by the Pan American Health Organization, beginning the start of this ongoing, international boycott. Then in 1974, a 28-page report published by the Third World Working Group called “Nestle Kills Babies,” suggested that because of their unethical and immoral selling practices, Nestle was a major contributor to the death of Third World infants. Because of these allegations, the Infant Formula Coalition charged Nestle on multiple allegations. Many of the charges that Nestle faced revolved around the fact that their advertising and promotion tactics for infant formula discouraged...
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...Memorandum Subject: Report on Mandatory Maternity Leave in the State of Wisconsin This report covers the topic of paid maternity leave – its benefits, costs, overall accessibility, and why it should be instated. This report will include an assessment of the economic impact of paid maternity leave on both the business and the individuals affected by it. It also covers the cultural and interpersonal impact of the lack of paid maternity leave and an analysis on countries that offer maternity leave and what consequences this brings about. The sources will derive from actual research documents as many areas do offer paid maternity leave. The goal is for a transparent overview, offering both the good and the bad that may come with a change such as this, followed by overall conclusions and recommendations from the collected evidence. After reviewing this report, please let me know if you have any questions regarding the analysis. I would be more than happy to assist and discuss with you any issues you want to bring up. You can reach me at pbcoghi@gmail.com Cultural and Personal Impact of Mandated Maternity Leave Prepared By: Pedro Coghi, Student Date: 7/26/15 Prepared For: Jennifer Riske, Professor Technical Reporting - Summer 2015 Table of Contents Executive Summary 4 Introduction 6 Background of Feasibility Question 6 Purpose of the Report: 6 Scope of the Report 6 Methodology/Sources of the Report 6 Discussion of Findings & Results 7 What is Paid Maternity Leave...
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...GRENOBLE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MSC INNOVATION STRATEGY ENTREPRENEURSHIP 2013-14 NESTLES CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) BY: MOHAMED DALLY TANAY JADHAV Content Executive summery ………………………..3 Introduction………………………………...4 Nestle in the eye of Elkington’s TBL……...5 CSR review and analysis…………………..9 Stakeholder’s perspective and criticism….12 Conclusion………………………………….14 Recommendation…………………………..15 Executive summary Nestle is a well known multinational company, they operate all around the world and deliver some good quality FMCG, but at the ethical level they don’t really score very well, they have a long history in boycotting from their origin which is Switzerland going to the UK and USA. Their more significant problem comes from their baby milk formula that for many human rights activist was the reason for the death of many kids around world. Nestlé’s story don’t stop here, they are also accused of child labour in Brazil and manipulating farmers, where they were trying to look ethical through helping them when their real intention was actually to regulate the market prices. Aside of the human level, Nestle is also criticised for testing their products on animals...
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...Analysis 3.1 Ethical theory Section 2 4.0 Dilemmas 4.1 Starbucks Cup Recycling 4.2 Starbucks Coffee Bean 4.3 The Dorosin Issue 4.4 Breastfeeding in Starbucks 4.5 Financial Loss 4.6 Starbucks Water Waste Section 3 5.0 Best practice 5.1 Official Website / information 5.2 Stakeholders 5.3 Environment 5.4 CSR – Corporate Social Responsibility Section 4 6.0 Recommendations 1.0 Methodology In this report will show that the ethical issues facing by Starbucks and the solution which can help Starbucks overcome the issues of Starbucks facing. Except researched the official website of Starbucks, but also viewing external agencies and individuals, journals and text books. Based on these sources, so author will be able provide an overview with objectivity of Starbucks organization. Besides, author appoints a stakeholder analysis, appropriate theory for state the better ways for Starbucks organization. In the beginning, it will show the company history, background and principles of the Starbucks organization. Based on these information can be enhance reader more understanding the Starbucks organization and find out what has been done or done in future and why Starbucks make these decisions. 2.0 Introduction Business Ethics can be define as the examination of the variety of problems that can arise from the business environment, and how employees, management, and the corporation can deal with them ethically. Problems such as fiduciary responsibility, corporate...
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...Introduction A rapidly increasing population in the United States is nothing new. There is nothing special about how often people are getting married and starting families. However, what is gaining popularity is how these families are able to care for one another. More often in today’s society, mothers, and sometimes fathers, are given greater opportunities to care for the newest editions of their families. Companies in the past 34 years have been required to grant new mothers time off, under the Pregnancy Discrimination Act, to recover from the stressful time of being pregnant, going through the process of giving birth, and of course, to take care of their newborn baby. Also, the Family Medical Leave Act of 1993 touches base on the fact that pregnant women are to be given time off – 12 weeks at least – of unpaid leave. The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978, gives pregnant women the same rights as others with "medical conditions". This law applies to companies employing 15 or more people. It says: • Your employer cannot fire you because you are pregnant. • Your employer cannot force you to take mandatory maternity leave. • You must be granted the same health, disability, and sickness-leave benefits as any other employee who has a medical condition. • You must be given modified tasks; alternate assignments, disability leave, or leave without pay (depending on company policy). • You are allowed to work as long as you can perform your job. • You are guaranteed job security...
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...Story Of Stuff, Referenced and Annotated Script By Annie Leonard Do you have one of these? I got a little obsessed with mine, in fact I got a little obsessed with all my stuff. Have you ever wondered where all the stuff we buy comes from and where it goes when we throw it out.? I couldn’t stop wondering about that. So I looked it up. And what the text books said is that our stuff simply moves along these stages: extraction to production to distribution to consumption to disposal. All together, it’s called the materials economy. Well, I looked into it a little bit more. In fact, I spent 10 years traveling the world tracking where our stuff comes from and where it goes.1 And you know what I found out? That is not the whole story. There’s a lot missing from this explanation. For one thing, this system looks like it’s fine. No problem. But the truth is it’s a system in crisis. And the reason it is in crisis is that it is a linear system and we live on a finite planet and you can not run a linear system on a finite planet indefinitely.2 Every step along the way, this system is interacting with the real world. In real life it’s not happening on a blank white page. It’s interacting with societies, cultures, economies, the environment. And all along the way, it’s bumping up against limits. Limits we don’t see here because the diagram is incomplete. So let’s go back through, let’s fill in some of the blanks and see what’s missing. Well, one of the most important things that is missing...
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...will get a stronger bond, because they will be with them all day everyday; and if they go to daycare they will not see their kids for about seven hours of everyday. Mothers who stay at home tend to have “a deep desire to be there for every moment of their babies lives-the good, the bad and the unbelievably messy” parts of their life (Meet the New At-Home Mom 1). This could be considered the main reason for why a lot of mothers choose to stay home with their kids. Another benefit of being a stay at home mother is kids will get more one on one learning; that is if the mothers choose to teach their child on a daily basis. The parent to child ratio would be more equal than if they went to a daycare. Some mothers that stay home could also have the energy to run their own business from their own home; which will allow them to make some kind of living for their family. “Mom bloggers are hugely influential because they represent the authentic voices of other moms” (Meet the At-Home Mom 2); this quote explains how stay at home moms can make a living from doing something as simple as blogging about being a mother. Also if children are at home with their parents they will not get the opportunity to learn any bad behaviors from other kids, unless they have siblings that they would learn it from. As one can see there are many benefits for mothers and kids if they stay home rather than go to daycare. There are also many benefits of kids going to daycare. The first benefit is how kids will...
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...Case Study 9.5: Swedish Daddies I am a single mother of a 17 year old boy named Alonzo. Alonzo was planned by his father and me, but our planning certainly didn't prepare us for the workforce, or life itself. At the time ALonzo was born, I was working as a care giver in a home. I worked up until my last week of pregnancy and stopped only because I was overdue and the doctor told me to stay home. The low paying job I had did not have maternity leave, maternity pay or even a reassurance that I would be employed when I returned. It most definitely did not have paternity leave. I was forced to apply with the state for a monthly payment of $621 that lasted for 3 months. After the three months were up, regardless of your situation, the payments stopped and as far as the state was concerned, you were on your own. After my unemployed child's father decided to leave us, I was exactly that. On my own. I tried really hard to find babysitters that were reliable, and that actually liked children. It was very difficult to find help, and I didn't have a vehicle during that period. Daycare was outrageously expensive, and often I worked at night, and day cares then were only open until 6. At times I was so desperate, I would leave my son with a neighbor who I knew my son didn't like, but I had no choice. There is nothing more frightening then my child screaming with tears streaming down his little cheeks, at the sight of this neighbors front door. There simply was no way around...
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...Objective As markets become more competitive many companies recognise the importance of retaining current customers and some have initiated a variety of activities to improve customer loyalty. Indeed, the benefits associated with customer loyalty are widely recognised within business. It is known that long-term customers are more likely to expand their relationship within the product range and so the rewards from this group are long term and cumulative. Another widely perceived benefit is that repeat or behaviourally loyal customers are also thought to act as information channels, informally linking networks of friends, relatives and other potential customers to the organisation. Much academic literature has sought to define customer loyalty and many of these reviews are discussed within this paper. However, consensus points to customer loyalty being characterised by the customer’s preference to purchase a product, service or from an organisation consistently when the need arises to purchase. The key issues of this characterisation are preference and consistency. The Discussion of Consumern Loyalty The most widely accepted definition of loyalty is by Jacoby and Kyner (1973), who describe loyalty as the biased, behavioural response, expressed over time, by some decision making unit, with respect to one or more alternative brands out of a set of such brands, and is a function of psychological processes. At a very general level, loyalty is something that consumers may exhibit...
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...Contents Introduction 2 Ethical Behaviour and Theories 2 Ethical Codes 3 Ethical Dilemmas of Nestle 3 Infant Formula: 3 Overcharged Prices 4 Unfair Labour Practices 4 Steps Taken by Nestle 5 Conclusion 5 References 7 Introduction Marketing ethics can be considered as a subset of business ethics which deals with the study of how ethical and moral standards can be applied to various marketing decisions. Various topics can come under the umbrella of marketing ethics and these are product safety, pricing fairness, advertising honesty, product liability, etc. Corporations have increasingly become very competitive and in the last few years, news of breach of ethical codes of conduct have been highlighted in the media (Boone & Kurtz, 2011). This essay will elaborate upon the marketing dilemmas through the lens of ethics using case example of Nestle. Ethical Behaviour and Theories One of the ways through which moral philosophy and ethics can be viewed is through utilitarianism as proposed by John Stuart Mill who argued that the world exists in an imperfect state and individuals should strive to maximize happiness and stated that any increase in the degree of happiness justified any kind of sacrifice (Fritzsche & Oz, 2007). On the other hand, Kant states that the connection between happiness and virtue arose because of the belief that the rational pursuit of virtue and happiness are same in that they are identical wherein virtue can produce happiness...
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...| Work Life Balance Brief | Organization Behavior and Change Management | | | | | Introduction Work-life balance does not mean that both your work and personal life will be equally balanced. Work-life balance does not mean that what might be the right balance today is going to be the right balance tomorrow. For many employees throughout the world, balancing their work and personal lives is a significant concern (Mathis & Jackson 2012). The current dynamic global economy ranks work-life balance as one of the most important workplace attributes, second only to compensation (Bloomberg Businessweek, 2009). In the US the workforce is culturally diverse and encompasses numerous generations (Baby boomers, Gen X, Gen Y aka Millennials), each one with a set of his or her own priorities. For the Millennials, work-life balance is of the utmost importance (Gilbert, 2011). Alluding to the fact that while there aren’t standardized concepts of work-life balance; there should be a set of variables to define “what is balance”, as more and more Millennials enter the workforce. In this brief I hope to show how work-life balance is about creating and maintaining supportive and healthy work environments, which will enable employees to have balance between work and personal responsibilities, thus strengthen employee loyalty and productivity. Defining Work-Life Balance Work-Life balance has been referred to as a balancing act between organizations and individuals...
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...Labor law in Spain. Amira Hassanaly BLAW 225 Labor law in Spain. Amira Hassanaly BLAW 225 Outline I. Introduction II. Employment contract a) Permanent contract or fixed contract b) Temporary contract c) Training contract d) Work experience contract e) Part time contract III. Working Conditions a) Salary b) Working time c) Rest time d) Overtime e) Working day and family f) Holidays and leaves g) Unpaid leaves h) Maternity and paternity leave i) Dismissal IV. Employee’s rights V. Social Securities VI. Unions VII. Conclusion I. Introduction As is the case almost in all European countries, Spanish labor law is very understandable and ensure protection for employees. According to the definition labor law is a body of law that govern the employer-employee relation, including employment contract. The relationship between employer and employee is more than the exchange of labor for money it is also covers workplace rights and a large group of regulation on issues such as protection from discrimination, wages hours and health and safety. Labor law also deals with individual and collective relationships between employees and employers. The economic crisis of 2008 showed that the Spanish labor model was not working out. The labor legislation change in 2012 in order to be more suitable in a time of crisis within the labor market, the legislation modifies the institutional...
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