...350 BC ON YOUTH AND OLD AGE, ON LIFE AND DEATH, ON BREATHING by Aristotle translated by G. R. T. Ross 1 WE must now treat of youth and old age and life and death. We must probably also at the same time state the causes of respiration as well, since in some cases living and the reverse depend on this. We have elsewhere given a precise account of the soul, and while it is clear that its essential reality cannot be corporeal, yet manifestly it must exist in some bodily part which must be one of those possessing control over the members. Let us for the present set aside the other divisions or faculties of the soul (whichever of the two be the correct name). But as to being what is called an animal and a living thing, we find that in all beings endowed with both characteristics (viz. being an animal and being alive) there must be a single identical part in virtue of which they live and are called animals; for an animal qua animal cannot avoid being alive. But a thing need not, though alive, be animal, for plants live without having sensation, and it is by sensation that we distinguish animal from what is not animal. This organ, then, must be numerically one and the same and yet possess multiple and disparate aspects, for being animal and living are not identical. Since then the organs of special sensation have one common organ in which the senses when functioning must meet, and this must be situated midway between what is called before and behind (we call 'before' the direction...
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...Stress is a term that many people are able to relate with. Many people suffer from problems caused by daily stress, whether it is related to work or personal matters. Many stress-related problems can be managed by practicing different relaxation techniques. There are several relaxation techniques readily available to anyone in order to help deal with a variety of daily stress. One technique that is simple and quick to do is physical relaxation, including deep breathing and muscular relaxation. When you feel stress building, this method can help to rid you of the stress before it becomes overwhelming. You may have heard someone tell you before to take ten deep breaths, this is the process of deep breathing. Each subsequent breath helps to relax the mind and body. Muscular relaxation can be used in conjunction with deep breathing and is done by consciously tensing your muscles then relaxing them a few times in a row. Performing these steps together can help you to rid your body of acute stress. When you have stress that seems to escalate throughout the day, a great technique to practice is meditation. This requires a little more time than physical relaxation, but can be a great way to help rid your body of stress at the end of the day. Meditation can be achieved by sitting in a quiet place with your eyes closed, focus on relaxing and on breathing. By concentrating on relaxing your body and on breathing in and out, you are able to clear your head and stress should simply disappear...
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...Part 6-9: 30 facts, Part 10: 20 facts Part 6 1. Place the pads so that they do not touch each other 2. You may use the adult pads and deliver the dose 3. Only if the AED does not have child pads or a child key or switch 4. Use the AED as soon as it is available 5. If the AED has a key or switch that will deliver a shock dose, turn the key or switch 6. If your AED includes a smaller size pad designed for children, use it. 7. Be familiar with the AED before you use it, if possible. 8. When using the AED, remember to turn it on and follow the steps 9. With adults, use the AED as soon as possible 10. For infants, a manual defibrillator is preferred to an AED for defibrillation Part 7 1. With adults do 30 compressions to 2 breaths 2. With adults also have a compression rate of at least 100/min 3. With children and infants do 15 compressions to 2 breaths 4. With children and infants also have a compression rate of at least 100/min 5. With adults, infants, and children have a compression rate of at least 100/min without pauses for breaths 6. With adults, infants, and children do 1 breath every 6 to 8 seconds 7. When an advance airway is in place during 2- rescuer CPR, do not stop compressions to give breaths. 8. Advanced airway means the endotracheal intubation, laryngeal mask airway, and supraglottic. 9. No advanced airway means mouth to mouth, mouth to mask, bag mask. 10. The compression rate for...
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...underlying principle is that breathing can be exercised to train the expansion of lungs capacity (Potter, Perry, Stockert, & Hall, 2013). Patients who qualify for this intervention include those who have recently had a surgery, were under anesthesia, or have been placed on bed rest. Our main concern here is that these situations create opportunity for less activity within the lungs, which can put the patient at risk for pneumonia. The goal of incentive spirometer is to keep the lungs active while the patient is recovering. Deep breathing can be practiced at home or while being hospitalized. At home, it can be used to prepare for hospitalization or a surgery (Potter, 2013). In either case, nurses are responsible for providing appropriate education regarding the use and administration of all patient equipment. The incentive spirometer is used while sitting straight up on the edge of a bed or in a chair. For patients who are unable to move or sit up, it will be necessary to raise the head of their bed to an appropriate angle. Prior to starting the exercise, lungs should be emptied by fully exhaling. After exhaling, the patient places the mouthpiece in the mouth. For maximum efficiency, it is best to make sure that the mouth forms a tight seal around the mouth piece. The patient will then inhale deeply. At the top of each breath, the patient holds breath for 3 to 5 seconds before exhaling. Once the patient starts practicing deep breathing, nurses should monitor the patient’s...
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...BACKGROUND OF STUDY 1.2.1 Definition of Stress According to Jay W. Marks (2011) , Stress is a feeling that’s created when we react with particular events or problems. It’s the body’s way of rising to a challenge and preparing to meet a tough situation with focus, strength and heightened alertness. In general, stress is related to both external and internal factors. External factors include physical environment – including job, relationship with others, home, challenges, difficulties and expectations you’re confronted with on a daily basis. Internal factors determine your body ability to respond to or deal with the external stress-inducing factors. Stress is simply a fact of nature. The individual responds to stress in ways that affect the individual as well as their environment. 1.2.2 Symptoms of Stress According to the article Understanding Stress by Melinda Smith, Robert Segal and Jeanne Segal (November 2012) , Stress is a common problem among people nowadays especially for the women. There are many signs or symptoms of stress. It is divided into four group that is – Cognitive Symptoms, Emotional Symptoms, Physical Symptoms and Behavioral Symptoms. Firstly is the Cognitive Symptoms. The symptoms are : i. Memory problem ii. Inability to concentrate iii. Poor judgement iv. Constant worrying v. Anxious thoughts Next is the Emotional Symptoms : i. Moodiness ii. Short temper ...
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...of muscles in the breathing process The intercostal muscles are tiny muscles located in between each rib. There are 12 sets of ribs and these muscles are located between each rib and on each side. In between each rib there is two bands of muscles, one called the internal intercostal muscles and the other called the external intercostal muscles. In between each of these muscles is the nerve and blood supply. The most important muscle to breathing is the diaphragm. The diaphragm has its own nerve supply and can operate as a voluntary muscle or involuntary muscle, thus allowing us to hold our breath or slow our breathing if we wish to. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves down towards the stomach, this creates a vacuum in the cavity containing the lungs. This vacuum causes the lungs to expand and pull air down and in. When we breathe out and the diaphragm relaxes and moves up again, it no longer causes a vacuum. This in combination with the rib bones relaxing to their normal position help to push air back out of the lungs. The involuntary act of breathing is driven by carbon dioxide sensors in the body. These carbon dioxide sensors will send a message directly to the brain to force the body to breathe again, (i.e., make the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract.) During times of stress, injury or just difficulty breathing, other muscles will kick in to help out. These muscles are called accessory muscles and are not used during normal breathing. These muscles are...
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...practice of poses and breathing techniques thus far. Min 75 words, max 150 words Connect my mind with body, begin by focusing on my breathing: Although breathing is already a mechanical part of our life, I feel more calm and relax for my entire body by practicing the breathing technique. It also brings positive energy and thoughts. I believe all the breathing techniques I learned in the class will provide a good preparation for the breath and mind for my deliveryandbeyond. Stand tall with a solid foundation-stack of the joints: I never focused on this alignment when I practiced yoga before; however, when I discovered the technique, I found myself root on the floor andmygestureismorestable.Ialsofeelmorecomfortwiththepose. Accept myself as I am now and set my own pace: Since I am 5 months pregnant, some poses are not too easy for me, I would modify the pose to make myself more comfortable. What two HOMEWORK tasks or experiments from your Journaling Packet were most successful for you thus far? For each, include : a) Pebble name and experiment or task; b) How did you go about the task, and how did it go, what results or benefits did it provide ? ; c) How might the task or exercise relate back to your physical yoga practice? Min 75 words, max 150 words a) • Awareness of Breathing- Breathing techniques • The Habits of the body b) • Awareness of Breathing- Breathing techniques By experiencing different breathing techniques and paying attention to the breathing pattern, I feel that...
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...data for heart rate, breathing rate and temperature before and after a standard period of exercise. M3 – Present data collected before and after a standard of period of exercise with reference to validity. Hypothesis: ‘Heart rate’, breathing rate and temperature increasing when exercising. Equipment needed: * Heart rate monitor * Thermometer * Stop watch Method: 1. Make sure the person has been resting for 5 minutes to ensure that they are relaxed. 2. Measure the pulse rate, temperature and how many times they breathe. These are the results for before exercise. 3. The individual will undertake strenuous exercise for 3 minutes immediately following the exercise take the pulse rate, temperature and how many times they breathe in one minute. These are the results for the after exercise. 4. Record all results | Resting | After exercise | Heart rate | 90 | 105 | Breathe rate | 47 | 54 | Temperature | 36 | 36 | I did prove my hypothesis because the results above shows that our heart rate, breathe rate and temperature changes when we exercise. After exercising the heart rate increased to 105 and the breathing rate increased to 54, but the temperature stayed the same. Some of the measurements were accurate because of resting before taking each measurement which will cause the results to be inaccurate, when you are exercising and you want to take the measurements you need an individual to help you measure your breathing, heart, and temperature...
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...On Asthma by Seneca Translated by Robin Campbell Ill health—which had granted me quite a long spell of leave—has attacked me without warning again. “What kind of ill health?” you will be asking. And well you may, for there isn’t a single kind I haven’t experienced. There’s one particular ailment, though, for which I’ve always been singled out, so to speak. I see no reason why I should call it by its Greek name, difficulty in breathing being a particularly good way of describing it. Its onslaught is of very brief duration—like a squall, it is generally over within an hour. One could hardly, after all, expect anyone to keep on drawing his last breathe for long, could one? I’ve been visited by all the troublesome or dangerous complaints there are, and none of them, in my opinion, is more unpleasant than this one—which is hardly surprising, is it, when you consider that with anything else you’re merely ill, while with this you’re constantly at your last gasp? This is why doctors have nicknamed it “rehearsing death,” since sooner or later the breath does just what I has been trying to do all those times. Do you imagine that as I write this I must be feeling in high spirits at having escaped this time? No, it would be just as absurd for me to feel overjoyed at its being over—as if this meant I was a healthy man again—as it would be for a person to think he has won his case on obtaining an extension of time before the trial. Even as I fought for breath, though, I never ceased to...
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...Ashley Avilez English 6/19/13 CPR for the Average Joe What would you do if you see someone having hard time breathing or someone who just collapsed? Would you be prepared? Any human being is capable of performing CPR, which obviously sounds a bit frightening but these following steps; which are call 911, pump the chest, and give two breaths will help ease you through this challenging process. As a Certified Healthcare Provider I have practiced CPR plenty of times and can tell you it’s not easy but as they say “practice makes perfect”. First step, you must see if the victim is unresponsive, if the person does not respond and is not breathing or breathing properly then you must quickly call 911 and get back to the unconscious/conscious person. If the victim is responsive let them know you are here to help and ask if they want help. If they refuse help, leave them alone but stay close until further authorities arrive. When this first step is all fully completed continue to the second step; chest compressions. Second step requires some muscle power. When the victim gives you the okay, you need to start chest compressions. Chest compressions will help the heart get a jump start. If the victim starts gasping this means you are doing a great job, keep going. Start the compressions in the center of the chest approximately two inches in depth about a hundred compressions per minute very quickly and swiftly. According to the American Heart Association you must complete five cycles...
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..., attempts to shed light on how to improve vocal awareness through the development of a deeper and more concretized contact between the voice and, what she calls, ‘emotional impulse’ that is not inhibited but, supported and shaped by the intellect. Her book is structured in such a way that the reader is invited to experiment with a number of different exercises that are designed, in part one; to free the voice from certain inhibiting factors that have accumulated overtime (mostly through habit), in part two, (here on working with a ‘liberated’ voice); to go through a developmental process which focuses on range and power (viz. the ‘resonating ladder’), in part three; to turn focus to the breathing apparatus and thereby develop an awareness and sensitivity to different ‘areas of breath’ in the body and, in part four; to bridge the connection of this work to text and acting. Through this approach, Linklater states that the general aim of the book is to “present a lucid view of the voice in the general context of human communication and to provide a series of exercises to free, develop and strengthen the voice – first as a human instrument, then as the human actor’s instrument” (Linklater, p 1). This essay will summarize some of the major points of the book, offer briefs descriptions of some of the exercises and determine whether this book could be useful to the aspiring actor who is interested in learning more about the craft of voice and speech. Linklater claims that...
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...In ‘Freeing the Natural Voice’, Kristin Linklater, attempts to shed light on how to improve vocal awareness through the development of a deeper and more concretized contact between the voice and, what she calls, ‘emotional impulse’ that is not inhibited but, supported and shaped by the intellect. Her book is structured in such a way that the reader is invited to experiment with a number of different exercises that are designed, in part one; to free the voice from certain inhibiting factors that have accumulated overtime (mostly through habit), in part two, (here on working with a ‘liberated’ voice); to go through a developmental process which focuses on range and power (viz. the ‘resonating ladder’), in part three; to turn focus to the breathing apparatus and thereby develop an awareness and sensitivity to different ‘areas of breath’ in the body and, in part four; to bridge the connection of this work to text and acting. Through this approach, Linklater states that the general aim of the book is to “present a lucid view of the voice in the general context of human communication and to provide a series of exercises to free, develop and strengthen the voice – first as a human instrument, then as the human actor’s instrument” (Linklater, p 1). This essay will summarize some of the major points of the book, offer briefs descriptions of some of the exercises and determine whether this book could be useful to the aspiring actor who is interested in learning more about the craft of voice...
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...it. Participant 1 is a 25 fit and healthy male but is currently smoking and has been for 10 years. This may be clear in the final results. In the results I expect to see his heart rate rise also his temperature and breathing rate. I expect to see this because the participant will be using a lot more energy and therefore his heart will need to pump more blood around his body at a faster pace to ensure his muscles are functioning properly. He will also sweat and therefore his temperature should rise and he should also breathe faster because more oxygen needs pumped to the lungs to clean out any carbon dioxide. • A list of all the equipment I have used. • A method explaining step by step how and what I done. • An evaluation explaining what I seen and then comparing what I seen to what I expected to see. • A conclusion summarizing everything, what I found out, if it was what I expected and did my test go to plan? Also I will be talking about weather my test was valid enough. • A risk assessment. Equipment This is the equipment needed to complete the test. Appropriate footwear (Trainers) Tympanic thermometer 155 steps (Ground – floor 7 in Trevelyan building Newcastle College) Phone with a stopwatch built in Fingers- measure pulse Eyes-measure breathing Method When I carried out the test I had to follow a method to make my test as fair as possible, the method was; At the beginning of the test I took participant 1’s temperature using a Tympanic thermometer making sure...
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...I've been practicing meditation for 32 years, starting with TM in my 3rd year of medical school. My interest in the field of consciousness grew and I left medicine several months after graduating to focus on this. I spent the next decade working with a specific active breathing meditation plus I was meditating with a mantra from a teacher I spent time with in India. Life moved on and so did I but I always maintained an interest and a level of personal practice in meditation & consciousness work. I became aware of brain wave entrainment just over a year ago and came across LifeFlow while I was on level 1 of another programme. The LifeFlow package looked like more advanced technology and cost less than the one I was using. I knew I was enjoying what I was experiencing with the other programme so I bought the whole LifeFlow series and I have never regretted that decision. I use it most days and it is still a delightful surprise for me to enter the "zone" where my breath frees up and I literally bathe in the energy of life itself. By "delightful surprise" I mean to bring attention to the ease and consistency of the experience. Ease in that it is such an easy thing to pop in some headphones, switch on the track, sit back or up or lie down and simply enjoy. Consistent in that the results are consistent, every time without fail my mind is gently led in the right direction till it is sitting firmly and comfortably into a nicely aware and peaceful space. I can also sense...
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...A 5 Minute Morning Meditation to Lift Your Spirits and Put a Smile On Your Face "Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony." - Mahatma Gandhi Set your alarm five minutes earlier tomorrow. When you get up, find a quiet place to sit and gaze out a window. Look up at the sky. Really notice the color and expanse. Follow the shape and movement of the clouds. Let your thoughts drift as you enjoy the morning stillness. This is your time to focus on what is good in your life - not the worries of yesterday, today or tomorrow. Begin your meditation by focusing on your breathing. The rhythmic rise and fall of your breath. Since breathing has a strong effect on emotional change, it is a natural bridge to begin to meditate. Slow measured breathing has a calming effect. Gently close your eyes and tune into your body. A word will come to you that describes what you are feeling. Calm, relaxed, peaceful, happy, confident. That is your relaxation keyword. Spread the word throughout your body. From the top of your head to the tip of your toes. Put your relaxation key word in a phrase that inspires you to handle stress differently today. For example, "I am calm and relaxed" when you are feeling tense and anxious. Use this phrase whenever you need it throughout the day. *Inhale slowly and mentally repeat, "I live with a happy heart, a peaceful mind and a playful spirit". Stay with it for a minute or two. Inhale deeply and in the privacy of your own mind...
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