...individual species have been altered to create breeds with characteristics more desirable to human needs. Some of our earliest evidence of man (and art) is tied to animals. Dogs were the first species of animals to be domesticated due to security. SWINE BRIEF HISTORYOF DOMESTICATION All Pigs were descended from the European wild boar as early as 13,000 BC. And the Local breeds were introduced to African countries by the colonists DISTRIBUTION OF PIGS ACROSS THE WORLD The distribution of pigs around the world is not the same. Almost half the exotic world’s pig population is in Asia (China) 30 per cent in Europe and the former USSR. The population of pigs in large parts of the tropical and sub-tropical developing regions for example Africa and Latin America is relatively small. Local breeds are widely distributed in west- African countries ( Ghana and Nigeria). A typical example of local breeds is the Ashanti dwarf pig or Nigerian hairy black pig. CLASSIFICATION OF PIGS Generally, Pigs can be classified as; 1. Classification Based On functionality: Meat Type: They are meaty pigs with little fats e.g Berkshire, Chester white Duroc, Hampshire. Lard Type: These are small lardy pigs (composed of high percentage of fats). Bacon Type: They build sufficient muscles for desirable bacon (meat from the sides, belly, or back of a pig). Typical examples include; Yorkshire and Tamworth NIGERIAN BLACK HAIRY PIG: This breed is native to Nigeria (remote areas). It is falls...
Words: 2212 - Pages: 9
...The farmer and manager, John Morris, has reportedly said that Mariendahl is sustainable as a whole. This paper investigates the sustainability and productivity of Mariendahl, but more specifically the pig portion of the farm. Moreover, it provides an insight into the five basic pillars (E.Ilari-Antoine et al 2014) (ecological, livestock, social and water resources as well as economic factors) of the farm. Throughout the paper, there will be usage of a score card where certain elements are evaluated on a count of: (1) Bad; (2) Average; (3) Good; (4) Excellent. Working through the five (5) abovementioned pillars, this paper will provide information and a conclusion on whether Mariendahl is compromising the ability of the future of the farm by meeting their own needs in the...
Words: 1739 - Pages: 7
...Pig From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the genus. For other uses, see Pig (disambiguation). Page semi-protected Pig A domestic sow and her piglet. Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Subclass: Theria Infraclass: Eutheria Order: Artiodactyla Family: Suidae Subfamily: Suinae Genus: Sus Linnaeus, 1758 Species See text A pig is any of the animals in the genus Sus, within the Suidae family of even-toed ungulates. Pigs include the domestic pig, its ancestor the wild boar, and several other wild relatives. Pigs are omnivores and are highly social and intelligent animals. Contents [hide] 1 Description and behaviour 2 Distribution 3 Diet and foraging 4 Relationship with humans 5 Species 6 Domestic pigs 7 Cultural and religious reference to pigs 8 Environmental impacts 9 Health issues 10 See also 11 References 12 External links Description and behaviour A typical pig has a large head with a long snout which is strengthened by a special prenasal bone and by a disk of cartilage at the tip.[1] The snout is used to dig into the soil to find food and is a very acute sense organ. There are four hoofed toes on each foot, with the two larger central toes bearing most of the weight, but the outer two also being used in soft ground.[2] The dental formula of adult pigs is 3.1.4.3 in each jaw, giving...
Words: 1918 - Pages: 8
...New Guinea and have two hierarchical levels of egalitarian political structure. The pig serves to regulate the two subsystems of the non-human territorial environment and the regional subsystem of neighboring populations. The pig is an important omnivore which is used to keep the areas around residences clean and hastening the secondary growth of the swidden gardens after the growth of a year and a half (Rappaport 1967). The meat gives high quality protein when the population needs it the most. The kaiko or pig ritual serves to negate the effect of the catabolization of proteins with tissue nitrogen loss in a mainly vegetarian population. Protein increases the immune system...
Words: 464 - Pages: 2
...Contents Executive Summary Introduction of Badin Badin lies east of the Indus River. The region is swampy, fertile for growing rice; some oil fields are located near the town in the seasonally inundated [Insert the details of Badin from Internet Badin website] LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS It is not easy to introduce technological innovations in livestock production at the level of the smallholder. Without adequate knowledge of taboos, customs and the sociology of village communities, the researcher has little hope of establishing methods to improve traditional systems. Subsistence farmers must first ensure their families' food supply. Only then can they think of improving the condition of their livestock. Thus, if technical innovations are to be successful, they must be introduced taking into account the following requirements: • There must be an immediate financial return from the application of the innovation • The innovation must be relatively simple and should not interfere with normal farm activities, such as planting or harvesting • The livestock venture must entail minimal risk • The innovation should not be hazardous or arduous, unless returns are exceptionally high • It should not cut across religious or other cultural activities. The introduction of technologies is discussed in detail by Dolberg (1982, 1983) on the basis of experiences with the development of new livestock technologies in India and Bangladesh. His analytical framework...
Words: 2123 - Pages: 9
...Pig production The primary purpose of pig farming is the production of meat, including pork and bacon. If the bacon industry is to thrive, factories must receive pigs of the right type. In order to improve the level of pig production, the use of fine types and feed, the implementation of strict epidemic prevention system and using high quality facilities for the effective control of the environment are necessary. The questions of how to improve the technological content of feed pig at each steps and conversion of fodder mainly consist in raising high quality pigs. In pig production 2 phases of production are recognized: (1) sow farms (breeding and rearing); and (2) fattening farms (growing and finishing).The steps in these two farms include mating, pregnancy, childbirth, lactating piglets, and fattening. Excellent breed accomplished through thorough breeding system which base on breeding, rearing and fattening farms. The ideal result of using this system is promotion productivity by transferring the genetic improvement results of the core group to commodity production with uniform breeding program. (Fishwick, 1965) Pig production patterns are diverse, space can be divided three categories in accordance with the activities of lactating sows which are intensive pig farming, semi- intensive pig farming and free range pig farming. In intensive and semi- intensive pig farming system, grower pigs are reared indoors in group-housing or straw-lined sheds, whilst pregnant sows...
Words: 994 - Pages: 4
...Food Inc. was undoubtedly the most effective to convince me to change all my habits that involve food. Food Inc. displayed images and footage of how the mass food production industry really is. This industry is absolutely disgusting and disturbing. Massive herds of cattle born in a factory just to be fattened and slaughtered. The film showed how the big meat and other kinds of everyday food industries bully farmers into doing whatever the corporations want. The film reveals the corruptive and elusive tactics of these industries through their lawsuits and contracts. The film displays the food industry for what it is; a mob like business. The film shows the conditions of the mass product farms for different products alike. Animals being the...
Words: 623 - Pages: 3
...SECTION A: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 1. What is phenotypic characterization? In these guidelines, the term “phenotypic characterization of AnGR” is used to refer to the process of identifying distinct breed populations and describing their characteristics and those of their production environments. In this context, the term “production environment” is taken to include not only the “natural” environment but also management practices and the common uses to which the animals are put, as well as social and economic factors such as market orientation, niche marketing opportunities and gender issues. Recording the geographical distribution of breed populations is here considered to be an integral part of phenotypic characterization. Complementary procedures used to unravel the genetic basis of the phenotypes of AnGR, their patterns of inheritance from one generation to the next, and to establish relationships between breeds are referred to as molecular genetic characterization (FAO, 2010b). In essence, phenotypic and molecular genetic characterization of AnGR are used to measure and describe genetic diversity in these resources as a basis for understanding them and utilizing them sustainably. The guidelines distinguish between two phases or levels of characterization. The term “primary characterization” is used to refer to activities that can be carried out in a single visit to the field (e.g. measurement of animals’ morphological features, interviews with livestock keepers...
Words: 8523 - Pages: 35
...students, friends and relatives who have helped me throughout the project and giving me more idea. Imkumsungla Class-11 Rollno-27 Sec-A Introduction Animal husbandry benefits us in many ways. Rearing of livestock can be done by every household. It must be encourage among rural household. We must rear animal not only for red meat but also for the economic purpose for a household. They also help in raising the standards of a farmer. We can also define animal husbandry as a subject that can be studied, often in the college environment. Some people who raise animals may also take a class or two in animal husbandry to learn how to do certain things, like how to dock tails, make use of the newest technology to milk animals, or how to breed animals using artificial insemination techniques. From a scientific standpoint, specialists in animal husbandry may try to address specific problems occurring in large groups of animals. For...
Words: 1149 - Pages: 5
...they evolve in size. Then separated by a fence there are small components on the ground. This includes dramatically oversized tomatoes squished in a basket, a blue ribbon with a chinese hairless dog printed on it, and two small mice that differentiate in health conditions. The artist appeals to the viewer's emotion through the use of abstract expression, organization of objects, and use of pathos to inform viewers of the effect of genetic engineering. The artist uses a method known as abstract expression to inform the viewers about the harmful and abnormal effects of genetic engineering. In the far distance there is a wild cow and boar standing close together that are shaded dark, but as the evolve into an average sized cow and pig the color scheme...
Words: 744 - Pages: 3
...Pit Bull breed were on a climb from the previous years (Animal). Animal Legal Defense Fund Attorney, Valerie Stanley stated that, "Everything we are doing lays the foundation for the one day when animals will have rights... We need to get in their faces and sue the animal abusers, so often they don't know which courtroom, they're supposed to appear in next.” (Quotes) The foundation for animal rights began a very long time ago, one of the most significant markers in animal history occurred in 1979 and the following years. In 1979, the foundation of Animal Legal Defense Fund occurred, one year later, PETA formed a foundation and others published quite a few books on animal abuse, with these books and pressure by these organizations to law officials and the general public, there started to be a turnaround in the process of bringing some type of justice to the animals (Lin). In years to come...
Words: 1734 - Pages: 7
...Squab 4. Turkey 5. Goats 6. Pigs 7. Sheep 8. Different types of fishes HOW ARE THEY USEFUL TO US 1. Diary animals/ cattle A. COWS We have more than cattle breeds all over the world however, not all are the good producers of milk sometimes, the milk produced by some animals, may not be found useful because it harms the humans. However, cows are the good producers of the milk. We make the use of different animal species of cow like, 1. Holstein 2. Norwegian red 3. Brown Swiss We have chosen the above species because they are most efficient and they provide us with numerous liters of milk and they have a lot of uses and they can be seen in the following paragraph. Holstein produces about 11,800 kg of milk per year. It is the highest production dairy animal in earth. It can be found in Netherlands. Next one is the Norwegian red. It can found in the Norway region of the earth it is very well known for the richness of the milk that it produces. It produces about 10,000 liter of milk per year. It produces a lot of milk (it refers to brown Swiss). It can be found in the Switzerland region. Its milk can be used for the production of milk. It produces 91,000 kg mil per year. Brown Swiss life is about 15 years average. Sexual maturity period of cows or cattle is about 10 -12 months. They produce 1 calf per year. They consume hay, silage and grass. Most of the animal kingdom depends on silage crop for the food. Cows can consume about 5-7 gallons of water per day. Breed Milk production Holstein...
Words: 1341 - Pages: 6
...for research being conducted in particular fields as well as all are new ways to “interact” amongst individuals. For this report we have chosen four online resources that provide information on the area of biomolecular biology and neurology, we will enumerate their usefulness to our particular field of interest and their incidence in our future professional careers. In the 1850’s, an Austrian monk Gregor Mendel discovered that he can manipulate plant offspring to breed plants selectively with traits that he wished to see; he cross-bred two tall pea plants and found that the offspring almost certainly expressed the "tall" feature. At the time, the scientific community was ignorant with genetic and DNA comprehension, but Mendel's work would prove to be a precursor to Darwin's evolutionary theory and eventually a foundation for all medical practice performed today. While our understanding of genetics is superb at best, new ideas and practices keep the medical field in constant progression. "Gene Editing Could Make Pig-to-Human Organ...
Words: 1219 - Pages: 5
...STANDARD Size: about 9" tall (shoulder) Weight: usually 4-7 pounds Color: white, sometimes with lemon or cream. Origin: debatable. See below Modern Purpose: companion Historical Purpose: mouser The Maltese is a breed whose origins are shrouded in antiquity. There are several different versions of their history. One thing is for sure, they have been popular for millennia! Art objects dating back as far as 10,000 years show similar dogs. They may have originated in Asia, or perhaps the ancient Egyptians bred the ancestors of the Maltese. It is believed that the Phoenicians introduced the breed to the island of Malta around 500 B.C. and the breed derives its name from this island. Malta provided an environment relatively free of outside influences, allowing the Maltese to retain their unique characteristics. The Maltese were favorites of the Greeks and Romans and were carried everywhere their human companions went (little has changed since!) Renaissance paintings show that the Maltese were popular in Italy. They were known in Britain in the 16th century and may have been brought there by invading Romans or returning Crusaders. Maltese are possibly the oldest of Europe's toy breeds and are widespread throughout the continent (It is no wonder that the breed travelled so far and wide, as ours can't walk around the block without drawing admirers!). Maltese have always been lap dogs, favored by the nobility across time and cultures, but some historians say that Maltese were also...
Words: 1219 - Pages: 5
...Statistics say they are the right size, and we as humans already have the infrastructure to breed them in large numbers. Although some scientists are struggling to get human bodies to accept pig organs, others are attempting the more ambitious task of engineering human organs from scratch. Solid organs such as the lungs, heart, liver and kidneys pose a greater challenge. These organs pose a greater challenge in the ways that they are bigger, contain multiple cell types, and have a complex architecture and an extensive system of the most important component which are the blood...
Words: 886 - Pages: 4
