...The respiratory system consists of the nose ,pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and can be classified according to structure or function The cardiovascular system comnsists of blood, the heart and blood vessels which are divided into arteries, arterioles capillaries, venules and veins (Ingram, 2011). Structurally consists of two parts, the upper respiratory system and the lower respiratory system. The upper respiratory system consists of the nose, the nasal cavity, pharynx and associated structure and the lower respiratory system consists of the larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. (Tortora and Derrickson, 2012). Functionally the respiratory system consist of two zones, the conducting zone and the respiratory zone. The conducting zone consists of a series of connecting cavities and tubes and their main function is to filter warm and moisten air and filter it to the lungs and the respiratory zone consist of tubes and tissues within the lungs where gas exchange occurs. In brief the main functions of the respiratory system is to provide for gas exchange, intake oxygen for delivery to the body cells and remove carbon dioxide produced by the body cells. It also helps regulate blood pH and contains receptors for sense of smell, filters inspired air, produce vocal sounds and excretes small amounts of water and heat. (Tortora and Derrickson, 2012). The heart is the primary organ in the cardiovascular system. It’s a pumps up to 14,000 litres of blood around the body each day.(Tortora...
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...Briefly describe the importance of the interaction between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems in maintaining the body’s internal balance Both the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are jointly essential for a particular purpose - delivering oxygen to our bodies, and for extracting and expelling carbon monoxide from them (Dr Adam Cloe, livestrong.com/article 18606, 2011). “The cardiovascular system…consists of three interrelated components: blood, the heart, and blood vessels, respectively (Tortora & Derrickson 2011). The heart pumps blood throughout the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries). Two chambers of the heart have the job of moving poorly oxygenated blood whilst the other two chambers move highly oxygenated blood around the body to the cells (Dr Adam Cloe, 2011). So, the cardiovascular system is at the front line of delivering oxygen to the cells of the body and for extracting carbon monoxide from them. Our breathing is an automatic process. Inhalation, which happens when we breathe in, provides the body, via the lungs, with oxygen. Exhalation, which occurs when we breathe out, rids the body of carbon dioxide (NIH 2013). The process of obtaining/delivering oxygen to the body’s cells and collecting and disposing of carbon dioxide can be summarised. Oxygen is inhaled, the pressure change in the lung draws low oxygen blood (containing carbon dioxide) to the heart, then the heart takes that blood and pumps it to the lungs. Student number: ...
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...Module 2 Assessment “Briefly describe the importance of the interaction between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems in maintaining the body’s internal balance” In answering this question we must first have an understanding of how the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system operate independently of each other. The cardiovascular system The cardiovascular system refers to the heart, blood vessels and the blood. Blood contains oxygen and other nutrients which the body needs to survive. The body takes these essential nutrients from the blood. The body gets rid of waste products, such as carbon dioxide, back into the blood, in order to remove them. The main function of the cardiovascular system is to sustain blood flow across all areas of the body. Veins return used blood (deoxygenated) from the body back to the heart. This blood is low in oxygen as it has been used in the function of the body, and is also high in carbon dioxide (the waste product that the body has gotten rid of). The veins carry this deoxygenated blood to the superior and inferior vena cava which then drain into the right atrium. The right atrium pumps blood into the right ventricle. The right ventricle then pumps blood to the pulmonary trunk, via the pulmonary arteries and into the lungs. In the lungs the blood is enriched with oxygen that we breathe in and gets rid of carbon dioxide, which we breathe out. From the lungs, blood drains into the left atrium and is then pumped into the left...
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...540 words Oxygen is vital to give the body energy. This energy giving process, respi-ration, results in an unwanted bi-product-carbon dioxide (CO2), the build-up of which would be harmful to the body. Collecting oxygen and excreting CO2 is the function of the respiratory system (made up of the lungs and chest cavity). The chest cavity containing with the lungs expands and contracts, inhaling external, oxygen rich air and exhaling CO2 rich air. At the microscopic or molecular level, respiration needs to take place within (almost) every cell, for each cell needs its own supply of energy. So the respiratory system collects the oxygen in the lungs, the cardiovas-cular system (heart, blood vessels and blood) transports the oxygen to every cell in precise quantities and takes the carbon dioxide back to the lungs. Throughout life, the heart beats to keep up the flow of the transportation, and in a matching rhythm, the lungs expand and contract, maintaining the initial collection of oxygen and the final release of CO2. The two systems need each other to perform their own functions. When the body’s activities change, for instance during sustained exercise, oxygen is used up quicker than usual. Receptors throughout the body will detect a faster depletion of oxygen in the muscles. (Sherwood, C.,2013) The nervous system will be activated to increase breathing rate and in turn heart rate will increase because more oxygen will be deposited into the blood. This shows how the two systems...
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...The cardiovascular system and the respiratory system work together within the human body; creating a cycle that supplies oxygen and nutrients to the body’s tissues and removes carbon dioxide and other waste products, therefore contributing to homeostasis. The first stage of this cycle is gas exchange or respiration. Air is breathed in through the nose or Mouth and into the alveoli of the lungs; this is known as pulmonary ventilation (tortora 2011). Inside the lungs an exchange of gases take place (pulmonary respiration) between the alveoli and the blood, through the pulmonary capillaries. At this point the blood will gain oxygen and lose Carbon dioxide. (tortora 2011) It is the function of the red blood cells to transport oxygen around the body. Red blood cells contain a pigment called haemoglobin which attracts oxygen into the cell. (www.hematology.org) From the lungs the blood flows to the heart through four pulmonary veins. It enters into the left atrium and then passes through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. The left ventricle pushes the blood through the aortic valve into the ascending aorta (www.bhf.org.co.uk) Some of the blood flows through coronary arteries into the heart wall whilst the majority divides into separate streams, flowing through systemic arteries throughout the body. Arterial blood is pumped under pressure by the heart through the arteries which divide into smaller arteries called arterioles, when the arterioles enter...
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...functionally normally as it is the body's key transport system Peters, (2004) The Respiratory system consists of the upper and lower respiratory tracts and thoracic cage, it also consists of the nose, the pharynx, trachea and our lungs Peters, (2004) where in addition to the maintaining exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues, the respiratory system helps regulate the body’s acid base balance Peters, (2004). Every cell in the body needs oxygen to help release energy into the body Sang, (2005) and needs to get rid of waste product such as carbon dioxide to function; the respiratory System allows this to happen by breathing air into the lungs allowing the cardiovascular System to transport the oxygen and carbon dioxide between the cells and lungs Sang, (2005). The heart and the circulatory system (arteries and veins) make up the cardiovascular system; the heart is the pump which ejects blood to all organs, tissues and cells of the body Chapunoff, (2010). Oxygenated blood provided by the heart helps keep all the vital organs alive with the help of the respiratory...
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...The body’s internal balance can also be referred to as homeostasis a concept develop in 1932 by physiologist Walter Cannon (Busch 2013)). As defined in Tortora (1990) homeostasis “is a condition where the body’s internal environment remains within certain physiological limits”. To ensure a stable internal environment or balance an optimal concentration of gases, nutrients, ions, and water should be maintained, along with an optimal temperature and pressure for the health of cells (Tortora, p.22). The respiratory and cardiovascular systems are able to maintain the first one. Some of the other organs in the body involved with homeostasis are pancreas, kidneys and skin. The respiratory and cardiovascular systems work in conjunction to maintain the body’s internal balance. The cardiovascular system relates to the circulatory system, which consists of the blood, the heart and blood vessels. (Tortora, p.546). The blood carries oxygen and nutrients from the lungs to the cells and tissues of the body and removes carbon dioxide and other waste from the cells to the lungs (www.medicinenet.com). The respiratory system includes the organs involved in breathing, the nose, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs (www.medicinenet.com). This is where the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs. The maintenance of the body’s internal balance starts when air is breathed into the body through the upper respiratory tract into the lower respiratory tract – the lungs (Terfera and Jegtvig)....
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...The respiratory system role is to allow the exchange of gases oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmospheric air, blood and tissue cells. It also helps adjust the pH of body fluids. “In addition to gas exchange the respiratory system also plays a role in receptors for the sense of smell, filters inspired air, produces sounds and rids the body of some water and heat in exhaled air”. (Tortora and Derrickson 2006 Pg 918) The most important function of the respiratory system is to supply the blood with oxygen so that this can then be delivered to the rest of the body. The respiratory system consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. Their function is to filter warm and moistened air and conduct it into the lungs. (Tortora and Derrickson 2006). The body uses oxygen for anything it does whether it may be eating, walking or just sleeping and through this process releases carbon-dioxide. Carbon-dioxide needs to be eliminated quickly and efficiently as it can be very toxic to the cells in the body. The cardiovascular system circulates blood and lymph through the body and it consists of the heart, blood vessels, blood, lymph, and the lymphatic vessels and glands. It is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products through the body. The heart is the primary organ within the cardiovascular system. The heart is a beating muscle that continually pumps blood to the rest of the body. (Tortora and Derrickson 2006). The cycle...
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...GCE O LEVEL Islamiyat (2058) Topical Question Bank 2009-2011 Compiled by: Muhammad Umar Contents Topics in Paper 1 The History and Importance of the Quran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Life and Importance of the Prophet Muhammad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The First Islamic Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Topics in Paper 2 The History and Importance of the Hadiths The Rightly Guided Caliphs . . . . . . . . . The Articles of Faith . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Pillars of Islam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 5 7 8 8 10 11 12 2 Topics in Paper 1 . Q N2011/P1/2 The History and Importance of the Quran (a) Give an account of how the Qur’an developed into book form. (b) What is the significance to Muslims today of having the Qur’an in the form of a book? [10] [4] Q J2011/P1/2 (a) From the Qur’anic passages you have studied, outline the relationship between God and two of His messengers who were sent before the Prophet Muhammad. [10] (b) Explain why God sends his revelations through messengers. Q N2010/P1/2 (a) Describe how the two main sources of Islamic legal thinking are related. [10] [4] (b) Give an example to show how the Qur’an could be used in the exercise of qiyas...
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...Agency: Methadone Clinic Assessment(identify a need for the client(s) or population you are working with, growth and development, characteristics, etc.). The individuals at the Methadone clinic are between ages 18-60. This age group is considered to be young and middle adulthood. Kozier &Erb(2010). Through my clinical experience and observations I did identify that mothers of all ages did not have a good knowledge base of what methadone is and what it can do for themselves and their babies. | Briefly discuss the importance of the chosen topic/issue. (Why is the topic important for your client(s)/population?) According to the Centre for Addiction &Mental Health, pregnant women who are still using opioids must contact their doctor right away as it is very important that they be assessed. Throught my clinical rotation, the staff and myself identifed that there was a need for teaching about the importance of Methadone for both mom and baby. They indicated that a lot of these mothers came into the clinic not knowing what methadone does to them or there unborn child. It is very important that these mothers of ALL ages to have a good knowledge of the effects of methadone and what it can do for both mom and baby. | Objectives for the session/activity. (Between 3 and 5 objectives). By the end of my presentation the clients of the methadone clinic will have: 1. An increased knowledge of methadone and how it affects both mom and baby. 2. Understand the benefits...
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...Q1. Choose the correct answer from the following: 1. Approximately what percentage of the world’s gross product is spent on projects? a. 10 percent b. 25 percent c. 50 percent d. 75 percent 2. Which of the following is not a potential advantage of using good project management? a. Shorter development times b. Higher worker morale c. Lower cost of capital d. Higher profit margins 3. A…………………….. is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. a. program b. process c. project d. portfolio 4. Which of the following is not an attribute of a project? a. projects are unique b. projects are developed using progressive elaboration c. projects have a primary customer or sponsor d. projects involve little uncertainty 5. Which of the following is not part of the triple constraint of project management? a. meeting scope goals b. meeting time goals c. meeting communications goals d. meeting cost goals 6. ………………….is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements. a. Project management b. Program management c. Project portfolio management d. Requirements management 7. Project portfolio management addresses …………….. goals of an organization, while project management addresses …………….. goals. a. strategic, tactical b. tactical, strategic c. internal, external d. external, internal 8. Several application development projects done for the same functional group...
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...International American University Shaping tomorrow’s leaders today! General Course Policies supplement this syllabus and are available through IAU Online as a digital soft copy. Please make sure that you review the General Course Policies so that you can be successful in this course. 4201 Wilshire Blvd., Suite #610 ♦ Los Angeles, CA 90010, CA, U.S.A. ♦ T: (323) 938-4428 ♦ F: (323) 938-4-4429 ♦ E: www.iau.la MGT 620a Operations Management & Supply Chain Syllabus Class Details Name: Email: Phone: Room: Method: Steve B. Young, Ph.D. (A.B.D.) syoung18@verizon.net (818) 360-6115 LA-Classroom C Hybrid Term/Year: Days: Time: Start Date: End Date: Spring Session 1 / 2015 Wednesdays 6:00pm-10:00pm January 05, 2015 February 27, 2015 Instructor’s Biography Steve Young graduated from Western Michigan University with a Bachelor of Science in Engineering and Business. He spent time as an HR director and consultant with many Aerospace firms. Steve has worked in numerous management positions for Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Eco Polymers, Hughes, and PM-10 Consultants specializing in the area of Human resource, business management, and business operations. Steve received his MBA from West Coast University with an emphasis in management and is looking to receive his PhD from Walden University in Applied Management and Decision Making with specializations in Organizational Change and Leadership in 2008. Steve is a senior faculty member and has been teaching for the University of Phoenix...
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...TWO theories on the subject, evaluate whether you think this statement is true. a) b) a) b) Briefly describe Line, Functional and Staff types of authority. With the aid of examples and diagrams, show how these types of authority are applied in an organisation. [3 each] [11] Outline the main features of: i a sole trader ii partnerships Explain the main differences between Private Limited Liability Companies and Public Limited Liability Companies. [5 each] [8] [4 each] 4. a) b) With the aid of a diagram, briefly describe the main features of a procedure for ordering goods. Evaluate the importance of THREE of the main documents used in such a procedure. 5. a) b) Evaluate the factors which influence the size of the market for a particular good or service. With the aid of examples, appraise which media outlets are most suitable for the following: i An electrical goods retailer ii An internet-based travel agent iii A motor car manufacturer 6. [20] [10] [8] [4 each] There are many sources that a Purchasing Officer can use to identify potential suppliers. With the aid of examples: a) list the main sources b) evaluate the benefits of using EACH source c) evaluate the disadvantages of using EACH source [6] [7] [7] 7. With the aid of suitable examples: a) appraise the ways in which new ideas can be generated for updating existing products and developing new ones. [10] b) describe the procedures that could be employed for...
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...ANNAMALAI[pic]UNIVERSITY | | |DIRECTORATE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION | M.B.A. (marketing Management) FIRST YEAR ACADEMIC YEAR 2011 - 2012 ASSIGNMENT TOPICS THIS BOOKLET CONTAINS ASSIGNMENT TOPICS. STUDENTS ARE ASKED TO WRITE THE ASSIGNMENTS FOR EIGHT PAPERS AS PER INSTRUCTIONS. Last date for submission : 28-02-2012 Last date for submission : 15-03-2012 with late fee ` 300/- NOTE: 1. Assignments sent after 15-03-2012 will not be evaluated. 2. Assignments should be in the own hand writing of the student concerned and not type-written or printed or photocopied. 3. Assignments should be written on foolscap paper on one side only. 4. All assignments (with Enrolment number marked on the Top right hand corner on all pages) should be put in an envelop with superscription “MBA Assignments” and sent to The Director, Directorate of Distance Education, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar – 608 002 by Registered post. P.T.O. 5. No notice will be taken on assignments which are not properly filled in with Enrolment Number and the Title of the papers. 6. Students should send full set of assignments for all papers. Partial assignments will not be considered. ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS Write assignments on any TWO topics in each paper out of the FOUR. For each topic the answer should not exceed 15–pages. Each assignment carries 25 marks. (2 topics) ...
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...Explain briefly why a governmental agency may have many different stakeholders. (Points : 15) 2. (TCO B) Explain the basics of the theory of dual federalism and the importance of the Supreme Court case of McCulloch v. Maryland to that theory. (Points : 15) 3. (TCO C) The 50 states within the United States of America have come about in a variety of ways. Please briefly explain at least two of the ways that states have been formed and/or admitted to the union. (Points : 15) 4. (TCO D) The ability to generate specific types of taxes varies from one level of government to the next. Rank the abilities of the three: local, state, and federal government. Explain at least one way that the respective abilities of the three levels of government to raise tax impact them from an intergovernmental perspective. (Points : 15) 5. (TCO E) Why was the Department of Homeland Security formed? Do you feel that this has helped from a strategic planning perspective? (Points : 15) 6. (TCO F) Explain briefly why requiring financial disclosure of certain governmental officials may help prevent ethical issues from arising. (Points : 15) 7. (TCO G) The Governmental Accounting Standards Board (the "GASB") has conceptually addressed the idea of performance reporting. The concept sets forth the idea of measuring "service efforts and accomplishments" ("SEA" for short). Service accomplishments can be viewed as the output measures or as outcome measures. Explain briefly the difference between output measures...
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