...Information and communications technology Information and communications technology (ICT) is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT), but is a more specific term that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information. The term ICT is also used to refer to the convergence of audio-visual and telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives (huge cost savings due to elimination of the telephone network) to merge the telephone network with the computer network system using a single unified system of cabling, signal distribution and management. Information and communication technology expenditure (% of GDP) in Pakistan was reported at 4.37 in 2008, according to the World Bank. Information and communications technology expenditures include computer hardware (computers, storage devices, printers, and other peripherals); computer software (operating systems, programming tools, utilities, applications, and internal software development); computer services (information technology consulting, computer and network systems integration, Web hosting, data processing services, and other services); and communications services (voice and data communications...
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...Introduction to Internet Broadband Access * NTC/362 * April 3, 2013 * Professor Steven * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Introduction to Broadband Internet Access * Broadband Internet access is an important structure for involvement in today's economy and main driver for evolution and modernization. Broadband Internet access indeed is the most used system of access to the Internet due to its fast access speeds. The two trends this paper discusses is mobile broadband and cable connection. Mobile broadband and cable broadband services both allow Internet users to get their Internet-ready devices online. While both cable broadband and mobile broadband connect to the Internet, there are differences in the way these two services work. The type of service that is best for one person may not be the best choice for another, particularly if a user travels a lot. Cable Internet services guarantees some restriction in regards to where a subscriber is able to connect to the Internet. Mobile broadband services allow individuals to access Internet anywhere at any time. Both mobile broadband and cable broadband services allow a user to create a network that connects other Internet users nearby. With a wireless router, cable broadband users can connect any Internet ready device within the home or office. The same can be said for mobile broadband users. The local...
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...Question Number 1 What is Broadband ? The term broadband refers to a telecommunications signal or the marketing term for wireless Internet access through a portable modem , mobile phone or other mobile device. Mobile broadband, also referred to as WWAN (for Wireless Wide Area Network) On the other hand , broadband services provides higher-speed of data transmission. It allows more content to be carried through the transmission “pipeline.” What is WAP ? WAP stands for Wireless Application Protocol . Its a technical standard for accessing information over a mobile wireless network. A WAP browser is a web browser for mobile devices such as mobile phones that uses the protocol. Advantages of Broadband compared to WAP 1. Connection speed is up to 100 times faster than dialup connection. You can download pictures files, software in seconds or minutes instead of hours. Online gaming is only possible using a broadband internet access. 2. It does not affect the phone line. For DSL internet access, you can use the same phone line for both voice/fax and data transmission. For cable internet access, you are connected to the internet via the cable network. In either case, your phone line is not occupied while you are connected to the internet. 3. It is convenient because the internet connection is always on. 4. You don't need to dial an access number and risk getting a busy signal. 5. Broadband internet offers unlimited access and you won't be charged based...
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...opportunity to do our one-month project in their esteemed institution. We also thank our Internal Guide Ms.Kiran for providing me with valuable advice and endless supply of new ideas and support for this project. INTRODUCTION Broadband is often called high-speed internet, because it usually has a high rate of data in general, any connection to the customer of 256 kbit/s (0.256 Mbit/s) or more is considered broadband internet. The international Telecommunication Union Standardization Sector (ITU-t) recommendation 1.113 has defined broadband as a transmission capacity that is faster than primary rate ISDN, at 1.5 to 2 Mbit/s. The FCC definition of broadband is 200 kbit/s (0.2 Mbit/s) in one direction, and advanced broadband is at least 200 kbit/s in both directions. The OECD has defined broadband as 256 kbit/s in at least one direction and this bit rate is the most common baseline that is marketed as “broadband” around the world. There is no specific bitrate defined by the industry, however, and “broadband” can mean lower-bitrate transmission methods. Some Internet Service Providers (ISPs) use this to advantage, in marketing lower-bitrate connections as broadband. Technology The standard technology in most areas is DSL, followed by cable modem. Newer...
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...Broadband Technologies and Services -Ritika Mital A1607108137 B.Tech (E&T), IIIrd yr. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Broadband Technologies I. Multilinking Modems II. ISDN III. T-1/DS1 IV. Wired Ethernet V. Rural Broadband VI. Satellite Internet VII. Mobile Broadband VIII. Power line Communication IX. DSL X. Wireless ISP 3. Broadband Services I. In Telecommunication System II. In Data Communication 4. Bibliography 5. Appendix Introduction Broadband Internet access, often shortened to just broadband, is a high data rate Internet access—typically contrasted with dial-up access using a 56k modem. Dial-up modems are limited to a bitrate of less than 56 kbit/s (kilobits per second) and require the full use of a telephone line—whereas broadband technologies supply more than double this rate and generally without disrupting telephone use. Although various minimum bandwidths have been used in definitions of broadband, ranging up from 64 kbit/s up to 2.0 Mbit/s, the 2006 OECD report is typical by defining broadband as having download data transfer rates equal to or faster than 256 kbit/s, while the United States (US) Federal Communications Commission (FCC) as of 2009, defines "Basic Broadband" as data transmission speeds exceeding 768 kilobits per second (Kbps), or 768,000 bits per second, in at least one direction: downstream (from the Internet...
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...Running head: Broadband Internet Changed Our Lives Broadband Internet Changed Our Lives The internet is an amazing thing; people can get news services in real time, communicate with people from around the globe, and even download media in nearly any format. All this wouldn’t be possible without the inception of broadband internet. What is broadband internet you might ask? Broadband is a term referring to a high bandwidth or carrying capacity of a communications line. There are different technologies used to achieve this: cable modems and DSL modems are the most common implementations in the United States. When the internet was first implemented, communications speeds between users were very slow compared to today’s standards. 56kbps (dial-up) was commonplace and something users thought they would never max out. Several years later the internet grew to be an extremely large network and businesses started to see the potential to distribute their products online. Business websites started using high resolution graphic, streaming videos, and animations which put a strain on the standard dial up connections of most individuals. It was evident that something needed to be done. Internet Service Providers developed broadband in order to meet the growing need for users to communicate at higher speeds. The two most common implementations are cable modems and DSL modems. Cable modems, like the name implies use the coaxial cable as its transmission medium and deliver...
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...BSNL PREPAID BROADBAND SERVICES USER MANUAL Dear Customer, Welcome to the fascinating world of Internet through the prepaid broadband service of BSNL. This User manual contains information which will help you to utilise our services effectively. The manual is primarily meant to be used with the BSNL supplied ADSL2+ Broadband Modems , however the settings and other information available in the guide can be used to set-up the BSNL Broadband Connection using any other Modem also. Contents - • Introduction • Connections & Installation • Configuration of ‘Bridge’ connection and Dialler • Managing your Account • Checking Account Status • Recharging of Account • Troubleshooting • Quick Reference Introduction Broadband is an ‘always-on’ high speed internet service. The Broadband service from BSNL supports “Triple Play” i.e. Voice, Video and Data services all possible simultaneously on the same copper telephone line. BSNL is providing its broadband services on ADSL2+ technology which is capable of delivering up to 8 Mbps of bandwidth to the customer premises. BSNL is currently offering Internet Services starting from 256 kbps going upto 8Mbps. For extending these services the telephone cable coming to the subscriber’s premises is connected to a Broadband Modem (ADSL2+ modem) using a POTS Splitter. The Broadband Modem acts as an interface between telephone cable and computer. The “POTS Splitter” is used to separate voice and data signals enabling both Voice and...
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...Development of Broadband Internet” You can get high speed internet access through broadband internet services. The speed of internet is measured in the bit rates transfer in a specific unit of time, if the speed is 256 kilobyte or more than it per second, then it is said to be broadband. Broadband’s usual speed of downloading is much faster than 256 KB/Sec. Due to the development of Broadband Internet, many companies tend to invest in rural areas for broadband services. Due to its high speed it becomes most common internet system which people are using. Broadband can be accessed through various ways like satellite, DSL, fiber optics and cable. In the past people were using a dialup connection to access internet, although it is still available and is the cheapest way of internet accessing, but the people are switching to broadband internet connection due to its development. The wireless internet is the latest development in the services of Broadband internet. With wireless internet you can excess faster internet without cables and wires and many consumers want this service desperately to their homes and offices. Wherever the service provider of Wireless Broadband provides you a service of wireless internet, you can access internet their without wires. Many wireless broadband service providers are providing your downloading speed of 10MB/Sec and they are expected to increase it 5 times in the coming year. Satellites are one of the slowest service providers of broadband. Its installation...
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...Makes Waste in the Broadband Stimulus Process By Charles Bobo The Broadband Stimulus program is the equivalent of a 'land grab', comparable to the Oklahoma Land Rushes of 1889 and 1893, events that coined the term, Sooners. Companies big and small are scrambling to grab their piece of rural America broadband real estate. Consider there are seven times more funding requests than funds to disburse in round one. At first glance it appears many of the applicants either misunderstood the NOFA (Notice of Funds Availability) guidelines, or just chose to ignore them. The question looms, how is a small organization, without the necessary manpower or resources, able to submit an application without being rejected due to the slightest violation of a guideline? Before we address that question, let’s review a few of the program’s basic facts and challenges. An Excellent Program in Spirit The Broadband Stimulus Program is an excellent program in spirit. According to statistics, more than 10-million residents in rural communities through this country are without high-speed broadband; which, according to the NOFA, is a very modest 768k. That’s a speed most of us upgraded from 10-years ago. But to rural Americans, it equates to exchanging the mule for a tractor. It provides farmers with access to agriculture markets, students with access to school, and families with access to an incredible array of tools and opportunities to improve their quality of life. The broadband program is to primarily...
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...4/17/12 Michelle Hatten ITM5000-08 Information Technologies Management Mid-Term Essay America needs a National Broadband Plan for economic growth, job creation and competitiveness. The Plan is to achieve affordability for all; there are millions of Americans who do not have access to the internet let along broadband. This addresses the issue and ensures that every American has access to broadband capabilities. Allowing Americans the opportunity to access broadband will advance consumer welfare, civic participation, public safety, homeland security, community development, healthcare delivery, energy independence and efficiencies, education, employee training, private sector investment, entrepreneurial activity and other national purposes. Due to the lag the US finds its self verses other countries relating to the advancement in broadband, The Plan is an innovative initiative to put Americans on a competitive path. Broadband will impact healthcare by improving quality and better outcomes while lowering cost and improving data capture and use. The Plan will ensure all healthcare providers have access to affordable broadband. Broadband infrastructure is often costly for rural clinics and small physician offices. As well The Plan will improve Indian Health Services by upgrading their infrastructure and network of providers. Improvements create incentives for adoption by expanding reimbursement for e-care and removing barriers by modernizing regulations such as device...
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...business works. Qubee has a team of professionals dedicated to serve your corporate and business needs. These teams will also be able to offer you some special packages especially designed for business needs. Executive Summary: WiMAX is a Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access. WiMAX is described in IEEE 802.16e Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) standard which has recently been introduced in Bangladesh by AD consortium Qubee. It is expected that WiMAX compliant systems will provide fixed wireless alternative to conventional DSL and Cable Internet. Qubee Wimax is using Motorola's WiMAX technology to provide wireless fixed broadband data services for residential and corporate use. The company is using WIMAX as a cost effective and fast-to-deploy broadband solution, as part of its strategy to create a world-class communications network in Bangladesh. It brings you the ability to communicate and connect via voice with your family, clients and business partners seamlessly. But Qubee Wimax faced criticism by the customers due to some flaws in their technology and services. They couldn’t get that much appreciation in the market as the company was expecting. People were unaware of the technology...
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...Unclassified DSTI/ICCP/TISP(2005)12/FINAL Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 07-Apr-2006 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ English - Or. English DIRECTORATE FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY COMMITTEE FOR INFORMATION, COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS POLICY DSTI/ICCP/TISP(2005)12/FINAL Unclassified Working Party on Telecommunication and Information Services Policies MULTIPLE PLAY: PRICING AND POLICY TRENDS English - Or. English JT03207142 Document complet disponible sur OLIS dans son format d'origine Complete document available on OLIS in its original format DSTI/ICCP/TISP(2005)12/FINAL FOREWORD This report was presented to the Working Party on Telecommunication and Information Services Policies in December 2005 and was declassified by the Committee for Information, Computer and Communications Policy in March 2006. The report was prepared by Mr. Yoshikazu Okamoto and Mr. Taylor Reynolds of the OECD’s Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry. It is published under the responsibility of the SecretaryGeneral of the OECD. © OECD/OCDE 2006 2 DSTI/ICCP/TISP(2005)12/FINAL TABLE OF CONTENTS MAIN POINTS.............................................................................................................................................. 6 Regulatory issues.....................
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...AT&T is a very large multinational corporation that focuses on telecommunication products. They were founded in 1893 in Alexander Graham Bell (who invented the telephone) and are headquartered in Dallas, TX. They have grown into being the #1 provider of wired telephony and #2 in mobile telephony in the United States. They are currently experiencing a dramatic shift in their market presence as landlines continue to decline as mobile and broadband are taking over as their main growth markets. AT&T’s relevant market has and always will be in telecommunications. Telecommunications can be defined as connecting individuals and information through means of technology such as airwaves and wires. Since being founded in the late 1800s, their main focus has been to connect people for voice calls. However, with the invention of the internet, they have begun to focus their expansion efforts on internet communications and connectivity. The market that AT&T operates in is growing through a huge transformation. Consumers these days are relying less on hardwired “landlines” and are focusing more on a mobile presence. This has caused AT&T’s phone business to focus their growth on mobile. AT&T is experiencing a radical shift in both of these markets. Like their competitors, their landline business has been on the decline over the last 10 years. This trend will definitely continue as less and less people are signing up for landlines as they feel that there is really no point in having a phone...
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...Project in Data Communication Helen Grace A. Fernandez 201011542 February 9, 2011 Contents 1 Reaction to the Game 2 Description of Hardware 2.1 First Generation . . . . . . . . . 2.1.1 1G Base Station . . . . . 2.1.2 Copper Node . . . . . . . 2.1.3 Coax Node . . . . . . . . 2.1.4 Optical Node . . . . . . . 2.1.5 20 RAS 5850s . . . . . . . 2.1.6 WAN Switch IGX MGX 2.1.7 WAN Switch BPX . . . . 2.1.8 Router 7200 . . . . . . . . 2.1.9 Router 7500 . . . . . . . . 2.1.10 ONS 15454 . . . . . . . . 2.1.11 Mobile Switch MSC . . . 2.1.12 Cable Headend Analog . 2.1.13 Cable Headend Digital . 2.1.14 Telephone Switch . . . . 2.1.15 Second Generation . . . . 2.1.16 50 WiFi Base Stations . 2.1.17 25 MSPPs . . . . . . . . . 2.1.18 10 CMTS UBRs . . . . . 2.1.19 50 DSLAMs . . . . . . . . 2.1.20 25 MWRs . . . . . . . . . 2.1.21 20 Cat2000 Switches . . 2.1.22 Router 7600 . . . . . . . . 2.1.23 Router 10000 . . . . . . . 2.1.24 Router 12000 . . . . . . . 1 8 10 10 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 36 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...Every firm (small or large), cafe, restaurant are the active microeconomics households, which influence the situation of the whole ,market. It is possible, that a single small firm can produce high-quality wares which are praised by people and very soon other firms, which produce similar wares but of lower quality will possible bankrupt being unable to compete with that one (Howson, Cindy, Successful Business Intelligence 2013). With the run of time that small firm can turn into a great company or corporation and become a leading monopolistic on the market. This is why I have decided to research Time Warner Cable. The history of the company is unlike any other with their cutting edge digital technology, range of home entertainment and information choices for the whole family to enjoy, and superior customer service that demonstrates customer satisfaction is the company's number one priority. In the late 1940s, entrepreneurs using simple antennas an Army surplus coaxial cable created the country's first cable television system and revolutionized the way Americans watched television (Warner Sperling, Cass, The Brothers Warner 2008). More than 70 years later, Time Warner Cable (TWC), the second largest cable provider, owns and manages advanced, well clustered cable systems throughout the United States and is ready to embark on it's next life phase of merging with Charter Communications. With the spread of the medium of television in the years following World War II, entrepreneurs...
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