Record of Submission & Plagiarism DeclarationThis assignment is my own work and the sources of information and material I have used (including internet resources) have been identified and acknowledged as required in the referencing guidelines provided. My work may be referred to the JISC / Turnitin Plagiarism Detection Service for checking. The Faculty reserves the right to request an electronic copy of any work where unfair practice is suspected. This assignment, or any part of this assignment, has not been submitted for any other module at the University of Glamorgan unless specifically allowed by the module leader. | First Name…Charlotte…………………………… | | Surname……Brownhill…………………………… | | Date of Birth………22/09/1993………………………. | | I have read, understood and accept the University policies on plagiarism and I hereby certify that this submission is my own work and is consistent with the policies of the University.Signed: …………C.L.Brownhill………………………….. |
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NOTE: It is important that you always keep a copy of your completed assignment. | Student Assignment DetailsTo be completed by Staff/Module Tutor only: | | Module Code: | BJ2S28 | | Module Tutor | Laura Haydon / Beccy Leach / Craig Hooper / Colin Larcombe | | | | Module Title: | Broadcast Journalism | | | | Assignment Type: | Essay | | Assignment Number (e.g. 1 of 3) | | | To be completed by Student: | | Number of Pages Submitted including this page: | 7 | | Actual Word Count: (where applicable) | 2,621 including bibliography and cover sheet 1584 for essay | | | | | Date of Submission: | 12/1/15 | OFFICE USE ONLY
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SECTION B | ASSIGNMENT INFORMATION & INSTRUCTIONS | To Be Completed by Staff/Module Leader Only | | | Module Code: | BJ2S28 | | Module Tutors: | Laura Haydon / Beccy Leach / Craig Hooper / Colin Larcombe | | | | | | | Module Title: | Broadcast Journalism | | | | | | | Submission Date: | 12/01/2015 | | Return Date: | You work will normally be returned within 20 working days of the date of submission. | | | | Assignments to be submitted by 4:00pm | | | | | | Module Leader Details | | Module Leader Name: | Laura Haydon | | Module Leader Telephone: | 1809 | | | | Module Leader Room Number: | CA219 | | Module Leader Email: | Laura.haydon@southwales.ac.uk | | Please note that there is now a University late submission policy of 5 working days for all coursework. All work handed in after the submission date and within 5 working days will be capped at 40%. No marks will be awarded if the assignment is submitted after the late submission date unless mitigating circumstances are applied for and accepted.Details of Assignment: Essay 1. 1,500 word essay – deadline Monday 12th January 4pm. You should critically reflect on the impact of new technology on broadcast journalism (smart phones, tablet computers, 3G, broadcast satellites etc). Refer to your own experience of broadcast journalism on this module with reference to professional practice and expert opinion. You should show evidence of reading and reference your sources correctly. Guidance on referencing will be given in class and will also be available on Blackboard. (30%)How to submit your assignments online using Turnitin1. Access the relevant module in Blackboard and then select the Assessment page.2. Select the submit button next to the relevant assignment.3. Enter the submission title for your assignment.If your module tutor has specified a structure for the title, you should follow that style.If your module tutor has not specified a title structure, then you should use the assignment title followed by a hyphen and then your student ID, for example:Assignment1-08123456.4. Select the browse button and locate the paper you want to submit:(Only these formats are accepted: MS Word,WordPerfect, RTF, PDF, PostScript, HTML, plain text (.txt). You cannot submit a file which is larger than 10Mb.)5. Finally, select submit to upload your chosen assignment.The system for submitting non-text files (MP3, jpeg etc) will be explained in class, but follows a similar pattern. |

Critically reflect on the impact of new technology on broadcast journalism (smart phones, tablet computers, 3G, broadcast satellites etc)
Radio news began with people reading news stories on the air [1] it was the first medium for broadcast journalism. Six decades later and this form of journalism has developed and transformed in a variety of ways. The 21st century is a digital based era; this revolution has renovated every aspect of the general public’s lives e.g. how we maintain our day to day life routines as well as helping us with various tasks. It has especially affected the way we view the news, with more outputs than ever we can have a range of news in front of us in a number of seconds. With numerous forms of new technology competing for our attention, what impact has this had on broadcast journalism? A positive effect? In the sense that we can be more educated than ever as well as gaining an unbiased opinion? We are able to view every angle of a news story. Or does this have a negative input on society? Too many sources of information compiling their account of a story can lead to the public being confused. What is the truth and what isn’t? The subject of this essay is to critically reflect the impact new technology has had on broadcast journalism. Since starting a broadcast journalism module, my journalist experience has changed. I am able to evaluate how certain aspects of broadcast journalism affect the audience, the reporters and the broadcasting industry. In the past decade social media has become more powerful each year. With each new year, new apps appear –news apps, video apps as well as more social networking companies e.g. Ello is the latest wannabe to break the surface [2] new software is created as well as new technology such as tablets and mobile phones. Wireless communications are rapidly changing, mobile systems are updating to 4G. 4G mobile systems focus on seamlessly integrating the existing wireless technologies including GSM, wireless LAN, and Bluetooth. This contrasts with 3G, which merely focuses on developing new standards and hardware.[3] The internet, new technology and social media has changed the practice in recent years, giving the audience numerous opportunities to participate in the production of journalistic stories. Therefore the journalists and news editors are given the opportunity to communicate directly with the audience, to share ideas and experiences and to use the audience as sources of information [4] the birth of new technology meant the birth of citizen journalism. Due to mobile phones and tablets having the ability to film in real time, the public are able to upload videos of current situations onto the likes of YouTube, they have a “on the ground perspective.” This form of journalism embraces the concept of the citizen as an observer and commentator of history. During the 9/11 incident, many eye-witness accounts and images came from citizen journalists who recorded significant moments of the tragedy [5] Being on the ground is essential for any journalist, and citizens naturally have that distinct advantage. In the end, what is important to remember is that citizen journalism adds to, and does not displace or supplant, traditional journalistic reporting [6] Although citizen journalism has changed aspects of journalism what must not be forgotten is that citizen journalism is not necessarily the truth, the public do not work for certain news organisations such as the BBC or Sky News meaning their opinion could be biased. Their events of a story could be slightly altered due to their general views. Citizen journalism can be seen as a form of gossip, these types of journalists have not had the training or experience that journalists for organisations have. Meaning their ethics are different, citizen journalists post all sorts of news unlike a professional journalist whom knows the difference on what they can and cannot post. A significant percentage of the public believes Barack Obama is a Muslim and John Mcain sired an African-American baby - both the result of some citizen putting it out on the Internet as a legit story [7] this is the terrifying part of citizen journalism, these sorts of stories are not validated they are merely the opinion of someone. What makes matters worse is social media users may take this as gospel as it can spread so quickly though other various websites. As a reporter, the power of technology has benefited their reporting in a number of ways. Due to satellites and the power of 4G, a reporter can literally be at the heart of a story. When presenting, news reporters can now go “live from the scene.” By being to immediately go to the scene reporters can bring news to viewers as it happens. Most news organisations now have a number of correspondents placed at different parts of the globe. An example of this is Mark Stone whom is currently a Sky News reporter based in China. Whilst filming in Beijing Tiananmen Square, Stone and his camera man were detained live on air [8] This gave viewers an insight into just how private and sensitive the boundaries are in China. "If we want to prolong our profession's relevance, the provision of real time and the use of all of the tools in our bag in efficiently producing the transcript are our best guardians in ensuring that we continue to be the Keeper of the Record."[9] Reporters now have to compete with the internet as a news source, who gets the “scoop” first is a constant race. In order for reporters to stay relevant they must have the means to do so, which is why technology plays is such a vital part of their careers now. The likes of tablets and smart phones allow reporters to keep constantly up to date with a story. Often on websites such as the guardian a reporter will “tweet” or “blog” their story on the go, this allows the public to the view the story every step of way as the reporter time stamps their reporting’s. However the use of new technology and live reporting has its downfalls live coverage can be overused to the point that it becomes "useless," as when live reports are done from the scene after everyone involved has gone home [10] Often when reporting, reporters tend to stay in the same area just in case anything else happens, although this is useful it can become rather tedious for the viewer. Such overuse has led to the suggestion that the technology itself, rather than news validity now drives the television news editorial process [11] although news coverage is now immediate, the essence of reporting itself can be inaccurate, due to it being a constant rush to get to a location first, details are often misplaced leading to an incoherent report. The rush to be first has led to complaints from the audience that much live coverage is inaccurate, intrusive, badly timed, and in bad taste [12] Due to the rapid increase in technology, this has affected the broadcast industry itself. This can benefit as well as hinder. If a certain broadcast company have an agreement e.g. The BBC and the Olympics By having different digital outlets, viewers can connect to the BBC in more than one way. They now have access to social networks such as Twitter. The BBC also released an app during the 2012 Olympics, The app will provide up to 24 streams of live coverage, detailed schedule and results pages, and daily news stories. Alongside full live streaming, catch-up coverage and highlights, the app will offer facts, statistics and information for every athlete, country and sport [13] by having an agreement; the BBC can prevent other broadcast companies from gaining viewers’ attention as well as blocking out citizen journalism. Yet with coverage for other news stories, the broadcast industry is having a battle with mobile and various other technological outputs. Increased access to mobile phones has led to a paradigm shift in the way news is reported. While mainstream news sources continue to be the official word on matters arising, user-generated reports from the public provide real-time, on-the-ground perspectives of events as they unfold. Coupled with the widespread use of social networks, citizen journalism can spread the word quickly and influence general opinion [14] Due to rise of citizen journalism and technology improving many people have lost their jobs in the broadcast industry such issues as technology-based layoffs, reductions in status (full-time to part-time), reduced real income and benefits for crew [15] On the whole technology has altered broadcast journalism forever. My experience from the broadcast module has made me realise just how much technology has an impact on pieces we create. Without the likes of internet and social media apps such as Twitter I wouldn’t be able to contact various people for my pieces. Without having data on my phone I wouldn’t have been able to research things as quick as I could. For instance when creating my ‘Made in Roath’ package, to look up the various activities in and around Roath I had to use their website on the go as well as using Google Maps to locate various locations. When recording and producing pieces it wouldn’t be able to be such a speedy process without programmes such as Adobe Audition. Our news days would be completely different if these sorts of programmes did not exist and would be much slower. Regarding citizen journalism technology has benefited this aspect however for the like of reporters and broadcasters it has made their role slightly more difficult as well altering their role.

Bibliography
[1] Edward Bliss (1992). Now the News: The Story of Broadcast Journalism. Columbia : Columbia University Press; New Ed edition. p13.
[2] Ed Cumming . (2014). Ello – and goodbye to the new Facebook?.Available: http://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/oct/05/ello-and-goodbye-facebook-competitor-social-networking. Last accessed 3rd January 2015.
[4] Suk Yu Hui & Kai Hau Yeung. (2003). Challenges in the migration to 4G mobile systems. Communications Magazine, IEEE. 41 (12),
[4] Aleksandra Krstić. (2013). When the audience changes a journalist.Participations: Journal of audience and reception studies . 10 (1), p425.
[5] IDA Infocom Development Authority of Singapore . (2014). Citizen Journalism . Social media. 9 (9.6.2), p8.
[6] IDA Infocom Development Authority of Singapore . (2014). Citizen Journalism . Social media. 9 (9.6.2), p9
[7] Tom Alderman. (2008). Citizen Journalism: Can We Trust it?.Available: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tom-alderman/citizen-journalism-can-we_b_97286.html. Last accessed 6th January 2015.
[8] Sky News . (2013). China Detains Sky Correspondent In Beijing.Available: http://news.sky.com/story/1065052/china-detains-sky-correspondent-in-beijing. Last accessed 7th January 2015.
[9] Tuggle, C. A & Huffman, Suzanne. (1999). Live News Reporting: Professional judgment or Technological Pressure? A National Survey of Television News Directors and Senior Reporters. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. Vol. 43 (4), p493.
[10] Editorial Board. (1996, December 29). Useless stuff; in this age of excess, the Courant's editorial board gripes about pet boondoggles, wastes of time and utterly useless things. Hartford (CT) Courant, p. CO
[11] Rosenberg, H. (1993, December 26). 1993 in review; Television; The top . . . and bottom of the barrel. Los Angeles Times, p. Calendar 54
[12] Tuggle, C. A & Huffman, Suzanne. (1999). Live News Reporting: Professional judgment or Technological Pressure? A National Survey of Television News Directors and Senior Reporters. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. Vol. 43 (4) p493
[13] BBC Sport. (2012). BBC Sport launches Olympics app for smartphones.Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18810308. Last accessed 8th January 2015.
[14] IDA Infocom Development Authority of Singapore . (2014). Citizen Journalism . Social media. 9 (9.6.2), p9
[15] Carey L. Higgins-Dobney. (2013). The growth of TV news, the demise of the journalism profession. Media, Culture and Society . 35 (7), p848.

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