...Student earning L Centre What is a referencing system? (Author-Date System) HARVARD REFERENCING There are many variations of the Harvard referencing style. This leaflet is based on the AGPS Style Manual (6th edn), 2002. It is advisable to check with each lecturer as to which variation they require you to use and to follow that advice for the work submitted to that lecturer. A referencing system is a standardised way of informing readers of the sources of information, ideas, graphics etc. that are used in any given work, e.g. your assignment. There are a number of different referencing systems, but those most commonly used at Flinders University are: • Harvard (an author-date system) • APA (American Psychological Association, also an author-date system) • The Note system (including footnotes and endnotes). Author-date systems use the authors’ surnames and the year of publication within the text of a work to refer to a detailed list of full references at the end of the work. The Note system uses numbers within the text to refer to details either at the bottom of the page (footnotes) or at the end of the work (endnotes). See the Student Learning Centre (SLC) brochures on the APA and Note systems for details on these systems. Referencing and academic integrity The use of a referencing system to acknowledge other people’s work, ideas and expression is integral to academic writing and academic integrity. See SLC leaflets on Academic Integrity or the 'Academic Integrity...
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...COCA-COLA CHALLENGE Abstract The Coca-Cola Company fully understands the meaning of innovation as evidenced by their ever-growing brand portfolio and internal processes. In this paper, I discuss Coke's three cola strategy as both a product and service innovation. Such strategy was implemented to widen the market presence of Classic Coke, Diet Coke and Coke Zero. The three cola strategy was developed initially for the purpose of rekindling the growth of the sparkling beverages. The strategy is basically a campaign to boost public confidence wherein an array of marketing, advertising and promotion was implemented. The three cola strategy was backed by Research Council towards the development of consumer-centered innovation. Introduction Overview of the Organization The Coca-Cola Company Founded by Asa Griggs Candler in 1882 in Atlanta, Georgia, a company that fully understands the importance of innovation in business is the Coca-Cola Company. Coca-Cola, or simply Coke, chose to concentrate their operation on production of soft drink syrup while maintaining an intimate relationship with its bottlers and distributors at the retail level. Basically, the company is engaged into blending raw material ingredients (product planning), packaging in plastic canisters (market research) and shipping to bottlers (advertising). In 1886, John Stith Pemberton invented the company’s flagship product Coca-Cola. Today, Coca-Cola Company offers more than 400 brands in over...
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...strategy. A Master is a practitioner of the art of strategy in life and in business. Management & Strategy Gurus Main Guru's Index ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 1 of 41 9/21/2014 3:38 PM http://www.easy-strategy.com/strategy-gurus.html Military Gurus Blog Ask me! Newsletter Clients Privacy Policy Motivational [?]Subscribe To This Site A Igor Ansoff Igor Ansoff The father of Strategic management Igor Ansoff (1918-July 14, 2002) was an applied mathematician and business manager. He is known as the father of Strategic management. He was a distinguished professor at United States International University (now Alliant International University) for 17 years, where several institutes continue his work in strategic management research. Igor was recognized worldwide as the Pioneer and Father of Strategic Management. He was the first management strategy guru to recognize the need for strategic planning for firms operating in the increasingly complex and turbulent environment. Chris Argyris Chris Argyris (born July 16, 1923) in Newark, New Jersey, USA, a Professor Emeritus at Harvard Business School, is more commonly known for seminal work in the area of Learning Organizations which was later developed in the best selling The Fifth Discipline by Peter M. Senge. The work of Chris Argyris has influenced our thinking about the relationship of people and organizations,...
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...Final Paper COM 200 Interpersonal Communication Instructor: Laticia Dezell June 18 ,2012 Dear, John and Jenny Congratulations on your first step in your journey through life together. This is an exciting and wondrous time that you will remember for the rest of your lives together. I remember when my wife and I started out together, the uncertainty, excitement, moving in together after our honeymoon. Speaking of honeymoons, life honeymoon period of the marriage soon will end and real life begins. This is the delicate balancing act that you and your lovely wife have to master to keep things fresh and fun throughout your lives together. I have learned a lot though my experience and would like to share with you those things that I have learned along the way that met help you experience life more fruitfully.There are going to be many times in your marriage that you are both will be angry with one another. Fighting will likely follow here are some ideas in working through the rough patches. All things are equal in your relationship. If you split the burden 50/50 your marriage will go a lot smoother.(James A. Kulik Sept.2011). When you are young you tend to think you have everything figured out. Well… you don’t. There is a lot of life to live and experiences to be had to give you wisdom and life experience. When you are married you become part of a team or partnership and you have to meet in middle or your life will be miserable. When you are you young to tend without knowing...
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...J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(12)13069-13075, 2012 © 2012, TextRoad Publication ISSN 2090-4304 Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research www.textroad.com Brand Image: Past, Present and Future Muhammad Ehsan Malik1, Basharat Naeem2, Madiha Munawar3 1 Director, Institute of Business Administration (IBA)/Director General, Gujranwala Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore (Pakistan) 2 Senior Research Officer, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Lahore Campus (Pakistan) 3 MBA Scholar (IBA, University of the Punjab), Lecturer, Punjab Group of Colleges ABSTRACT Strategic role of brand image has been proven in extensive literature as it is considered as distinct component in designing the marketing mix to building sustainable competitive edge. So, this paper presents divergent perspectives defining the brand image concept and concluding the debate about its multidimensionality. Five major clusters of definitions of brand image construct are observed such as generic definitions, meanings/messages, symbolic definitions, personality based definitions and cognitive/psychological definitions. Another important milestone in the evolution of brand image is the theory behind the concept of brand positioning. Brand Image is a multi dimensional construct that is triggered by cognitions, emotions, symbols, values and attitudes of consumers. However, many researchers measured it as uni-dimensional construct. Initially benefits based dimensionality was used to...
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...Jugaad - The Indian Model of Frugal Innovation By Dr. Ajith P Abstract This paper defines frugal innovation also called as Jugaad in Indian context. The concept of jugaad innovation is introduced and explained. The uniqueness of jugaad model compared to innovation model followed by developed nations is compared and contrasted. The paper further explores the relationship between frugal engineering, design principles, design thinking, co-creation and jugaad. The benefits and implications of jugaad model of innovation for emerging nations as well as developed countries are also discussed. The paper provides better understanding of what jugaad innovation model is and how to accelerate jugaad innovations by firms in emerging markets. Jugaad can provide value for money as well as value for many. Learning to do more with less for more people should be the jugaad innovator’s dream. Key words: Jugaad, Innovation, India, Frugal Innovation, Affordability, MLM, Sustainable Solutions Introduction “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s need, but not every man’s greed.” - Mahatma Gandhi Peter Drucker made a very profound observation long back. According to him, as the purpose of business is to create a customer, the business enterprise has two and only two basic functions: marketing and innovation. Marketing and innovation produce results; all the rest are costs (Trout, 2006; Kotler, 2009). Strategic innovation, which is a must for all marketing firms in today’s market...
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...BU Basic M.B.A. International Master of Business Administration |Index | Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Business Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Entrepreneurship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Finance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Marketing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Strategic Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
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...China Media Research, 9(3), 2013, Zheng, Case Study of Audi’s Brand Repositioning in China A Case Study of Audi’s Brand Repositioning in China Lu Zheng University of Florida Abstract: Based on a comprehensive review of Audi’s press releases published from 1999 to 2007 and in-depth interviews with Audi’s public relations professionals, this case study identified media relations, event sponsorship, and corporate social responsibility as Audi’s main public relations strategies for its brand repositioning in the Chinese market. Each strategy and related tactics were first illustrated by specific examples and then surveyed in light of contemporary public relations and mass communication theories. [China Media Research. 2013; 9(3): 64-73] Key words: Audi, brand, reposition Introduction Audi, a subsidiary of German car manufacturer Volkswagen, entered the Chinese automobile market in 1988. In the late 1990s, or one decade after its China debut, Audi, with the help of Ruder Finn, a New-York based independent PR firm, began to implement a brand repositioning strategy in China. By the mid-2000s, thanks to its unremitting PR efforts, Audi has successfully repositioned itself from a government car brand to a premium car brand targeting successful business professionals (Ruder Finn, 2007). Since the launching of its China production in 1988, Audi was designated as the “premium government car brand” dedicated to serve high-rank government officials. In contrast, middle and low ranking government...
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...Aquaponics—Integration of Hydroponics with Aquaculture A Publication of ATTRA—National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service • 1-800-346-9140 • www.attra.ncat.org By Steve Diver NCAT Agriculture Specialist Published 2006 Updated by Lee Rinehart, NCAT Agriculture Specialist © 2010 NCAT Aquaponics is a bio-integrated system that links recirculating aquaculture with hydroponic vegetable, flower, and/or herb production. Recent advances by researchers and growers alike have turned aquaponics into a working model of sustainable food production. This publication provides an introduction to aquaponics with brief profiles of working units around the country. An extensive list of resources points the reader to print and Web-based educational materials for further technical assistance. Introduction Contents Introduction ..................... 1 Aquaponics: Key Elements and Considerations ............... 2 Aquaponic Systems ...... 3 Organic Aquaculture .................. 11 Evaluating an Aquaponic Enterprise ........................ 12 References ...................... 13 Resources ....................... 13 Appendix I: Bibliography on Aquaponics ............. 20 Appendix II: Dissertations ................. 25 A quaponics, also known as the integration of hydroponics with aquaculture, is gaining increased attention as a bio-integrated food production system. Aquaponics serves as a model of sustainable food production by fol low ing certain principles: • The waste products...
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...INTRODUCTION Soil is the thin layer of organic and inorganic materials that covers the Earth's rocky surface. The organic portion, which is derived from the decayed remains of plants and animals, is concentrated in the dark uppermost topsoil. The inorganic portion made up of rock fragments, was formed over thousands of years by physical and chemical weathering of bedrock. Productive soils are necessary for agriculture to supply the world with sufficient food. A soil pollutant is any factor which deteriorates the quality, texture and mineral content of the soil or which disturbs the biological balance of the organisms in the soil. Pollution in soil has adverse effect on plant growth. The introduction of substances, biological organisms, or energy into the soil, resulting in a change of the soil quality, which is likely to affect the normal use of the soil or endangering public health and the living environment. Soil contaminants are spilled onto the surface through many different activities. Most of these are the result of accidents involving the vehicles that are transporting waste material from site of origin to a disposal site. Soil pollution is particularly dangerous for the environment and our health because soil, either in the mountains or in the plains, contains the largest part of the water we drink and produces all the food we need. There are many types of soil pollution...
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...for organisations. Companies recognise that strong brands are and have been historically associated with accelerated revenue growth and improved returns to shareholders. That is why, each time more organisations focus their strategies on building powerful brands as they represent competitive advantage and they are a key success factor in creating value to the customer and at the same time value to the company. In this regard, this study intends to show how effective brand strategy and brand communication contribute to build brand equity and consequently create a strong brand. For this purpose, the case study of Navigator was chosen, being a good example to show how the brand has been managed to become a powerful brand in the premium office paper segment. Key words: Branding, Strong Brands, Brand Strategy, Brand Communication, Brand...
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...MP A R Munich Personal RePEc Archive Strategic Marketing. A literature review on definitions, concepts and boundaries Jorge Mongay Autonomous University of Barcelona, SBS Swiss Business School 2006 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/41840/ MPRA Paper No. 41840, posted 9. October 2012 20:07 UTC WORKING PAPER. JM-A1-2006 STRATEGIC MARKETING: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON DEFINITIONS, CONCEPTS AND BOUNDARIES. Dr. Jorge Mongay Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB) & SBS Swiss Business School 1 WORKING PAPER. JM-A1-2006 Summary 1. Definitions of strategic marketing 2. Aspects of Strategic Marketing 3. Factors in Strategic Marketing 4. Elements of Marketing Strategy 5. Intersections with others disciplines 5.1. Intersection between Strategic Marketing and Marketing Tactics 5.2. Intersection between Strategic Marketing and Corporate Strategy 5.3. How does it Strategic Marketing fit into Corporate Strategy? 6. Final conclusions of the paper 7. References 2 WORKING PAPER. JM-A1-2006 1. STRATEGIC MARKETING AND ITS DEFINITIONS Although most authors speak about some parts of Strategic Marketing, here is included a list of definitions of the term. Some authors appear in different years ( for example, Jain), It is understand that they have added new comments or redefined the term after the years. The table and the definitions have been ordered by year of publication. Author Year Definition Drucker ...
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...application must be successful and effectiveness high. As some oil would come ashore, discussion remains on what effectiveness is required to significantly reduce the shoreline impact. A major issue is the actual effectiveness during spills so that these values can be used in estimates for the future. The second motivation for using dispersants is to reduce the impact on birds and mammals on the water surface. The benefits of using dispersants to reduce impacts on wildlife still remain unknown. The third motivation for using dispersants is to promote the biodegradation of oil in the water column. The effect of dispersants on biodegradation is still a matter of dispute. Some papers state that dispersants inhibit biodegradation others indicate that dispersants have little effect on biodegradation. The most recent papers, however, confirm that inhibition is a matter of the surfactant in the dispersant itself and the factors of environmental conditions. It is clear, on the basis of current literature that the surfactants in some of the current dispersant formulations can inhibit biodegradation. No...
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...near as possible to the consumer by building their own personalities is the idea of beginning this work. It aims tracking how a successful brand creates its personality through the public, and the perception of consumers about this. The analysis will focus on the Bergenbier brand and will be following firstly, the brand features prints and promotion through TV spots, and secondly how consumers perceive the brand. Last phase of the study is consumer profiling Bergenbier brand. Research methods used were document analysis and sociological inquiry (main methods) and telephone survey and focus group (secondary methods). Research questions The role descriptive study aimed at identifying brand characteristics Bregenbier as they appear promoted by certain media tools, namely TV spots and prints. Regarding the role of exploratory work aims perception of brand identification Bregenbier Ploiesti young consumers, as well as consumer profiling. Research questions which we want to find the answer in making research are as follows: 1. What are the characteristics of the brand Ploiesti, Bregenbier, evidenced through prints and TV spots? 2. What is the perception of young people in the brand Ploiesti Ploiesti-Napoca, Bregenbier? 3. What is...
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...Published by the Ecological Society of America Number 10, Winter 2003 Issues in Ecology Sustaining Healthy Freshwater Ecosystems Issues in Ecology Number 10 Winter 2003 Sustaining Healthy Freshwater Ecosystems SUMMARY Fresh water is vital to human life and economic well-being, and societies extract vast quantities of water from rivers, lakes, wetlands, and underground aquifers to supply the requirements of cities, farms, and industries. Our need for fresh water has long caused us to overlook equally vital benefits of water that remains in stream to sustain healthy aquatic ecosystems. There is growing recognition, however, that functionally intact and biologically complex freshwater ecosystems provide many economically valuable commodities and services to society. These services include flood control, transportation, recreation, purification of human and industrial wastes, habitat for plants and animals, and production of fish and other foods and marketable goods. Over the long term, intact ecosystems are more likely to retain the adaptive capacity to sustain production of these goods and services in the face of future environmental disruptions such as climate change. These ecosystem benefits are costly and often impossible to replace when aquatic systems are degraded. For this reason, deliberations about water allocation should always include provisions for maintaining the integrity of freshwater ecosystems. Scientific evidence indicates that aquatic ecosystems can be protected...
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