...archeologists, Bubonic plague may have originated from Egypt and not in Asia as originally thought. The disease is termed ‘Black Death’ and is said to have also begun in North Africa. Archeologists and fossil insect experts report that the disease may have distributed as a result of the flooding of River Nile that forced the rats to infest the human populated areas during the 3500 B.C. The causative agents of Bubonic Plague are known as Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) that are normally classified as Gram-negative, bipolar-staining coccobacilli. The coccobacilli are either rod or oval shape, and they is short. The Y. pestis metabolism is fermentative just like the other enterobacteriaceae, and they produce a thick antiphagocytic capsule that prevents the white blood cells from the ability to ward off the Y. pestis infection. In this paper, the disease Bubonic Plague will be discussed in details, including its causes, and the place where the recent outbreak has occurred. Introduction Bubonic Plague is brought by the Yersinia pestis, which is a Gam-negative, bipolar-staining coccobacilli. As learned in classes, the coccobacilli are rod or oval in shape, and normally short in size. Just like other Enterobacteriaceae, the Yersinia pestis has a fermentative type of metabolism, and they produce antiphagocytic capsule, which prevents white blood cells from wedding off the Y. pestis infection. The Y. pestis is a causing agent to a number of diseases including bubonic, septicemic and...
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...Bubonic plague is believed to have brought the Byzantine empire to its knees in the 6th century. This is the first ever documented record of bubonic plague in human history. But the fact that bubonic plague continues to afflict human population even today is a matter of concern. Your bubonic plague research paper would revolve around the premise of it being a deadly disease, but we assure you that we won’t scare you by the facts. Bubonic plague is typically differentiated from other infections because of its roots in the bacteria, Yersinia pestis or Pastuerella pestis. The bacteria typically infects the spleen, lungs, kidneys and brain. It is spread by virtue of rats and fleas. The staff at ProfEssays.com could as Help with Bubonic Plague Research Paperwell spell out some of its symptoms as shivering chills staggering gait stuttered speech memory loss weakness The early symptoms lead to graver consequences, and the ultimate zenith is reached when the patient ultimately breaths his last. Several deaths were caused by bubonic plague in the 14th century when medical science wasn’t developed as it is today. A nursing and healthcare term paper could focus on the facilities provided to modern healthcare officials that were not available in the 14th century. It killed almost 30 per cent of the contemporary European population. Infection is spread through fleas and rodents. It is a common occurrence to have rodents whenever there are earthquakes or other such calamities. The...
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...The Black Death Bubonic Plague The bubonic plague is a highly infectious and fearsome disease that attacks the lungs and lymph nodes. It is also called the Black Death or black plague. The bubonic plague is caused by Pasteurella pestis, a bacteria which resides within infected fleas and rats. Victims of the bubonic plague develop early symptoms, such as shivering, vomiting, headache, intolerance to light, back and limb pain, and a white coating on the tongue. Eventually, they develop black egg-sized swellings (buboes) filled with blood and pus under the armpits and in the groin. As the disease progresses, internal bleeding leads to black patches on the skin, and the victim may die in three to five days. Invasion of the lungs by the bacterium causes an equally fatal form of the plague called pneumonic plague, which can be transmitted from person to person by air droplets and saliva. Historical records document outbreaks of the plague as early as 430 b.c., when an epidemic struck Athens, Greece; but the most notorious bubonic plague epidemic began in Europe around 1346, reportedly when a ship of sick and dying sailors arrived at the Black Sea port of Caffa. This plague lasted four years and killed about one-third of the population of Europe, or approximately 20 million people. For hundreds of years after, epidemics of bubonic plague would sweep across the world killing millions more. The disease was so lethal that some victims supposedly would go to bed healthy and die in...
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...The Bubonic Plague Analysis Contents I. Abstract II. Introduction III. Background Information IV. Discussion V. Diagnosis Test VI. Prevention VII. Conclusion VIII. Bibliography Abstract According to archeologists, Bubonic plague may have originated from Egypt and not in Asia as originally thought. The disease is termed ‘Black Death’ and is said to have also begun in North Africa. Archeologists and fossil insect experts report that the disease may have distributed as a result of the flooding of River Nile that forced the rats to infest the human populated areas during the 3500 B.C. The causative agents of Bubonic Plague are known as Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) that are normally classified as Gram-negative, bipolar-staining coccobacilli. The coccobacilli are either rod or oval shape, and they is short. The Y. pestis metabolism is fermentative just like the other enterobacteriaceae, and they produce a thick antiphagocytic capsule that prevents the white blood cells from the ability to ward off the Y. pestis infection. In this paper, the disease Bubonic Plague will be discussed in details, including its causes, and the place where the recent outbreak has occurred. Introduction Bubonic Plague is brought by the Yersinia pestis, which is a Gam-negative, bipolar-staining coccobacilli. As learned in classes, the coccobacilli are rod or oval in shape, and normally short in size. Just like other Enterobacteriaceae, the Yersinia...
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...Bubonic plague is an infectious disease that is spread by the bacteria Yersinia pestis. These bacteria remain in a dormant state primarily in a rat flea’s foregut. Once the flea has bitten a victim it regurgitates the contents in its foregut into the bite location. Once the bacterium has entered into a mammal’s warm body it begins to reproduce and spread throughout the mammal’s body. The reproduction of this bacterium creates large painful swollen lymph nodes which are called buboes. Once these buboes get large enough they begin to ooze infected body fluid so that any contact between an infected person and a healthy person will facilitate the spread of this disease. (The Mayo Clinic Staff, 2012) The areas where the buboes form are the neck, armpits, upper femoral, and groin. Once a person has been infected with Yersinia pestis it usually takes 2-5 days until they begin to show signs and symptoms of the illness. These symptoms include acral gangrene which is gangrene of the extremities to include fingers, toes, lips, and tip of the nose. Total body chills that also comes with severe uncontrollable shakes. A high fever of 102 degrees Fahrenheit that induces muscle cramps. Seizures are another common symptom as well as pain begins before the buboes begin to form. In very extreme cases the victim will begin to change skin color to a pinkish hue. Some more less common symptoms are the vomiting of blood, heavy breathing, aching limbs, extreme pain, and coughing. With cases that the...
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...Concerning the bubonic plague, it had two devastating outbursts in Europe, in 543 and in 1348 (Rosen, pp. 24). They are respectively called the Justinian plague (porter, pp. 32) and the Black Death (Rosen, pp. 24). The protection of the people against epidemic diseases was at the centre of attention, especially after the first outbreak. It disseminated all classes and caused terror among all. The death of infected people occurred rapidly. The disease attacked the lymphatic or/and the lungs. It passed through human by simple contact (Rosen, pp. 24). The same principle of isolation than with leprosis was applied at the first outbreak (Rosen, pp. 25). The procedure was that the infected person had to be reported, and then examine. If the person...
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...Cristian Pardo Period 4 10/13/2014 Mr. Westerman Bubonic Plague DBQ Terrorizing throughout the fourteenth through the eighteenth century, the bubonic plague took the lives of at least one third of the population of Europe. The bubonic plague, also known as the black death, had originally arrived in Europe from rat infested ships bringing spices and other goods back from Asia. The disease then quickly spread throughout Europe as the rats distributed the virus. Throughout Europe there were several mixed reactions to the black death. The most obvious of the reactions is fear of the plague because England had never been under attack by any illness like this. This sickness had spread lots of skepticism as to how it was spreading. It even had some of the best scholars of the time stumped. Theologian Erasmus of Rotterdam (Document 2) said that what the true culprit of the cause of the widespread of the disease was the fact that England had streets full of filth and urine. Erasmus was on the right track. It was not uncommon at the time for people to simply throw out their feces in front of...
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...The Problems That is Associated with The Bubonic Plague The plague that started in Bombay, India and then moved to the north and west regions. This is where the death toll averaged out to be around 12 million. [76] The Bubonic plague in India seemed similar to the black death because it described the poor housing and confined quarters that people lived, as well as the homes had been infested with rats and had animals living in the houses with humans. This was very unsanitary to say the least. The Indian plague caused a number of issues, such as the millions of deaths, mothers that stop nursing their babies, and families that walked away and left their sick relative's in their homes and...
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...The Black Death was a time period in Medieval Europe that happened during most of the 14th century. This period is called the Black Death because it was one of Europe’s darkest times in history with the emergence of the Bubonic Plague, also called Black Plague, which caused horrible symptoms that killed its victims in a short amount of time (CDC). Many people at the time did not understand how exactly the disease came about and placed the blame on people. Even though this disease was horrible and brought many consequences, it began to shape Europe as we know it and brought many technological and medical advancements (History). - The Bubonic Plague was named after buboes, which means swollen lymph node, a distinguishing feature noticed in individuals...
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...Rosies” to many people became interpreted as a rhyme about the deadly disease that arrived in Europe in the 15th century. People interpreted the line ‘Ashes, Ashes we all fall down.” meaning that millions of people were dying during that time. The famous plague is know as the Bubonic Plague (The Black Death). Nobody in those days knew much about the plague, but they definitely encountered it. The fatal Bubonic Plague caused by a bacteria known as Yersinia, resulted in devastation, deaths throughout Europe and in some cases loss of faith. The Plague first began in small animals like rodents, and mice. According to (Seekers, DNEWS) “The bubonic plague first emerged in China more than 2,600 years ago.”...
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...The Black Death is a form of bubonic plague that spread over Europe in the 14th century and killed an estimated quarter of the population (Black Death). This form of bubonic plague was very dangerous to the people in that specific time period. Bubonic plague is classified as a serious, sometimes fatal, infection with the bacterial toxin Yersinia pestis, transmitted by fleas from infected rodents (Bubonic Plague). Early in the 1340s, the disease had struck China, India, Persia, Syria and Egypt (History). China, India, and etc. were very crucial trading locations for Eastern Europe in the 1300s. Since the disease is carried by rodents, it is said that the disease got to Europe from the rodents that boarded the ships headed from Asia. The rodents had fleas which, in the ultimate ending, infected the humans. If the victim was not bitten by a flea, another way to obtain the disease was by being sneezed or coughed on by someone who was already infected. Plague causes fever and a painful swelling of the lymph glands called buboes, which is how it gets its name. The bubo would become inflamed and would at first be a deep red in color, but as...
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...Bubonic plague is a type of bacterial infection that is almost always caused by a bacteria known as Yersinia pestis. Once the person or persons is infected with the bacteria the person infected starts to feel symptoms as soon as three to seven days after being exposed to the bacteria, symptoms include flu like symptoms such as fever, headaches, and vomiting, as well as swollen and painful lymph nodes, these swollen and painful lymph nodes tend to occur in areas closest to where the bacteria was able to break into the skin. Certain mass trade routes such as the Silk Road, which millions of people crossed that were from different places carrying different bacterias, helped lead to the quick and deadly spread of the Black Death. The Silk Road came to be because silk at that time was very valuable because of its multiple purposes, thus allowing to become a very valuable trading item. Traders during this time period were able to make fortunes carrying silk from the east to the western parts of the Silk Road. Because of this consistent trading for silk that occurred on this trade route its name eventually became the Silk Road, even though many other valuable trading goods were also carried along this route. The Silk Road because of how consistent the...
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...Ring around the Rosy During the 14th century our world experienced one of the most lethal pandemics in the history of the human existence. In the span of just five short years the Bubonic Plague managed to kill nearly one-third of Europe’s population, leaving very little answers and unclear causes to such a horrendous and aggressive plague. The most common result of the Bubonic Plague was death, killing more than eighty percent of infected individuals (Benedictow 2005). Living in a time with very little medical experience and scientific understanding, the Bubonic Plague and the middle 14th century was a recipe for disaster. The Bubonic Plague; now known to be caused by Yersinia pestis of the Bacillus species, was a devastating plague in the 14th century. The concept of a pneumatically- transmitted bacteria seemed to baffle the minds of the medieval people, leaving victims to question God and their own sanity. In untreated circumstances, the mortality rate of the Bubonic plague is more than of 50%, while in treated cases the mortality rate is under 15% (The Plague 2014). Since the lack of medical knowledge in this time, typically medical treatment could make the patient more susceptible to infection and even more susceptible to the Bubonic Plague’s more...
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...Another form of transportation for sickness was steamships. Bubonic plague was carried by “the steamship network that arose in the 1870’s was the vehicle that dispersed the infection around the globe, and did so, once the epidemic broke out in Canton and Hong Kong, with a speed that was limited only by the speed with which a ship could carry its colony of infected rats and fleas to a new port. Speed was obviously decisive in allowing a chain of infection to remain unbroken from port to port.” Often times over longer voyages, the plague could die out within the rats and fleas because the shipmen would become immune to the plague and there would be no persons left aboard that could be a sustainable host for the disease. The ocean was too wide for the plague to be carried from ports of the Mongol...
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...The bubonic plague was a fatal disease that had been terrorizing the population of Europe for years. Many people fought this disease but only a few were able to overcome it. The black death was a huge part of the Middle ages that caused chaos and destruction. After the Plague had settled down, Europe was faced with only 40 percent of its population. This affected not only the people but the way they lived. This wretched period led people to change their values and beliefs. What is the Bubonic Plague? The Bubonic plague was a deadly disease that is easily transmitted, which makes it even more dangerous. The Plague is caused by a bacteria known as yersinia pestis, which affects both humans and other mammals. The Plague is carried by infected fleas that seek shelter in rodents, specifically rats. It is a painful process that only takes three to seven days for symptoms to be expressed. The symptoms include swollen lymph nodes the size of chicken eggs that appear in the groin, armpit, or neck. A fever would also kick in which was a huge red flag to people who were unsure whether or not they had the bacterial infection....
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