...Organizational Design & Business Ethics: A Literature Review Abstract A review of the current literature regarding business ethics was conducted analyzing scholarly peer-reviewed articles about business ethics and their relation to leadership, managerial decision making, corporate social responsibility and overall corporate structure. Increased corporate scandals and the discovery of a rise in unethical business practices have thrown the topic of business ethics into the spotlight. Organizations are expected by their stakeholders to implement strong ethics within their corporate structure and culture. This expectation could be accomplished through strong ethical leadership, formal structures and regulations that place emphasis on ethics, and by making a commitment to corporate social responsibility. Using these guidelines will help organizations overcome the various challenges allowing the business to build a strong ethical foundation that will ultimately benefit the company through increased customer and employee satisfaction, which could result in increased profits, organizational sustainability and social status. The review of the literature reveals that there is still plenty of room for exploration on the topic of business ethics and particularly with the topic of ethical leadership. It is recommended that more focus be placed on understanding the influence of strong ethical leadership within an organization and how this influence flows down the organizational...
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...Macroethics. Personal Responsibility in an Age of Global Problems Review Assignment Make a summary of the author’s main contentions This study starts with the point of view that classic ethics are failing when they are confronted with many global problems. Compared to other periods of time, the world is able to connect nowadays. Because of the possibilities of the media, nearly ever person has qualitatively and quantitatively choices. The author emphasizes that we don’t choose to be global citizens; she claims that the world’s people are global citizens. People would choose the way of living with the media. The human nature is the basis for the philosophical morality. The concept of virtue, which was defined by Aristotle and other philosophers is basing on the philosophical morality. They underline that people fulfill their potential by using their intellect and will. „Excellent“ would not be given by nature, people have to put afford in work to achieve this status. Besides, other philosophers characterized mortality apart from particular human talents and functions. For examples Kant refers to rationality or Hume choose rationality as criterion. Other authors also claim natural right as the source of ethics. In all of these described concepts, ethics are based on essential human experience and our notions of ethical goodness are intrinsically bound up with our self-definition. At the macro level, ethics deduce from the essential nature like social beings. Through social connections...
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...A Literature Review: Incorporating Ethics Training in Business Abstract As the need for showing the importance of ethical behavior standards has become more prominent of the past decade, this review intends to show the need for standards of ethics in businesses based on previous research. Ethical training within a business is a topic that has been debated on importance. It has been discussed as a benefit and as more of a cosmetic topic. There are many articles written that discuss what business ethics is, and then there are articles that talk about the need for or against training of business ethics by businesses. This review is aimed towards showing the pros and cons of ethics training by businesses as discussed in current or recent surveys, studies, and articles. Introduction Business ethics has been a controversial topic for many years. It is said to be a double-edged sword and is seen as both an evil and as a proactive approach to preventing lies and motive good behavior (Bayley, 2012). There have been many surveys and articles that have been written on the subject matter. Many of these show the importance of ethical standards and training within a business. There seems to be controversy on whether training on ethics in a business is a benefit or just a cosmetic cover. It has been shown through several surveys and discussed in many articles of the benefits of providing ethics training within a business. However, some still believe that it is a short-lived...
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...Business Ethics Across Cultures Article Review XMGT/216 Business Ethics Across Cultures Article Review The first article I reviewed was titled Islamic finance: Notion of stewardship imbues business ethics. The author discussed the global economic crisis of 2008 in Islam. He reviewed how the lack of training of Islamic employees in ethics contributed to the economic crisis. Several of the ethical lapses that occurred during the ethical crisis were caused by risk also known as gharar and gambling. Both gharar and gambling are banned by Islamic law (Smith, 2012). The author argues that religious beliefs not limited to Islam can influence more responsibility within a business’s leadership. Omneya Abdelsalam, the director of the El Shaarani Research Centre for Islamic Business believes the belief of god and his power brings an acute level of accountability and responsibility (Smith, 2012). The suggestion of Dr Abdelsalam is that the belief of religion has a direct power of the way individuals conduct business. Islamic businesses primary ethical perspectives are to fulfill social responsibility of the business to the best of its capabilities, have fair treatment for employees, care for the environment and customers, and fulfilling the obligation toward shareholders and other stakeholders (Smith, 2012). Challenges faced by Islamic businesses are the views of tangible assets and some principles. Cedomir Nestorovic, a professor of Islamic business and management states that...
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...Business Ethics Across Cultures Article Review XMGT/216 March 5, 2012 Leat Kodua BUSINESS ETHICS ACROSS CULTURES ARTICLE REVIEW Business Ethics Across Cultures This paper will focus on the two articles that I chose to discuss, ‘Business Ethics in Australia and New Zealand1’ and ‘Business Ethics in Japan.” This paper will provide a brief summary of both articles and try to explain some of the primary ethical perspectives of the countries. In the contents of this paper there will also be a discussion on how the articles contribute to understanding global ethical perspectives and will briefly describe the similarities and differences of the business ethics in these two countries and the United States. Although the first article is titled ‘Business Ethics in Australia and New Zealand’ I will discuss only Australia as New Zealand is considered a separate country. Australia This article discusses the effects of the scandals of the 80’s and extending into the 90’s on Australia and New Zealand as both countries have always claimed to be open, fair and honest societies and the scandals that erupted during the 80’s and 90’s shocked the people of Australia exposing the corruption and dereliction of duty that existed where they felt none did. These scandals brought to light the need for ethical codes within the private and government businesses within Australia, however chief executives and senior government officials still are finding it difficult to accept...
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...------------------------------------------------- Business Ethics across Cultures Article Review Meghan Kraft XMGT/216 Deborah Pryer November 22nd 2015 Business Ethics across Cultures Article Review For centuries countries have been sharing their goods, services, cultures, and ways of life with those who visit or decides to do business with their country. While most would assume that people in another land speaking a different language, following a different religion, and eating different food would more than likely perceive and behave differently from than our own; the truth is that even though these differences may be perceived, very little is done to actually understand them appropriately unless it is deemed necessary. It is obvious that through globalization, that not just one, but each and every country has its own problems with ethics regarding business. It is made quite clear that there is a common scourge in business practices worldwide. It is also very clear that we are victims to the same faults that occur in humanity on a global scale. However, what is quickly becoming equally apparent, for international businesses and corporations to deal successfully with a foreign contractor, business, or even government; the proper measures must be taken to understand the differences in ethical perception and to work to accommodate those differences. Failure to do so leave many of these companies and businesses vulnerable for international ethical dilemmas that are quickly...
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...Business Ethics Across Cultures Article Review Ken R. Johnson XMGT 216 May 27, 2012 Instructor: Deborah McCafferty Business Ethics Across Cultures Article Review Globalization has been an ongoing event for many centuries; ever since the first traders and merchants sought out other countries to bring back uniquely different food and goods, countries have been sharing their culture and perspectives with those they visit or those that come to their borders. Today, with the widespread use of Internet, digital information, and focus on international business, the positive effect of globalization is much more apparent as well as the challenges it presents to countries with different ethical cultures. While most would assume that people in another land speaking a different language, following a different religion, and eating different food would more than likely perceive and behave differently from than our own; the truth is that even though these differences may be perceived, very little is done to actually understand them appropriately unless it is deemed necessary. However, what is quickly becoming equally apparent, for international businesses and corporations to deal successfully with a foreign contractor, business, or even government; the proper measures must be taken to understand the differences in ethical perception and to work to accommodate those differences. Failure to do so leave many of these companies and businesses...
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...Business Ethics Across Cultures Article Review XMGT/216 Steven Cusick This discussion on the business ethics in China and Canada are going to be covered using a pair of articles written on the business ethics in these two countries on opposite sides of the world. This could be a difference due to the difference in cultures as well as a difference between the economies of the two different countries. These are both articles that cover where these countries are with their business ethics and some reasons that they have or are seeing some issues with this particular topic of the business world. The first is “Business ethics in China: A human resource management issue?” which is an article on the dismal ethics code that is heading toward improvement in the country. There is a discussion on the relationship between the poor business ethics in China and the deep traditions that are directly related to the ancestry of the country and its people. Along with these traditions there is also a comparison to the economy of China being in a transitional phase and there being a higher want to get rich quick as it was more about taking advantage of these lower ethics to reap the larger benefits. In the article “Business ethics in Canada: Distinctiveness and directions” there are some distinct influences in this business community. This article discusses how Canadian business communities have gone the route of incorporating all aspects of social life as well as the economic life...
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...Cultural difference begins with the ethical variations of perspectives or business ethics of each individual international company. Language is a huge barrier when it comes to international or inter-cultural business dealings, but despite the language barrier one must consider business ethics when communicating. The rapid growth of globalization has prompted businesses to develop international codes of ethics that are used world wide as a standard of ethics no matter what culture or country one is dealing with; this has assisted businesses in making sure that all employees are following the same code of ethics and keeps the company running ethically. Two countries that have had many articles written their ethical perspectives are Brazil and China; these articles also give an overview of the study used to compare ethical differences between American and Brazilian MBA graduates working during the study. In the article concerning the ethical perspectives of Brazil and China, the Chinese believe that communication is the key component in business affairs; employees of both domestic and international companies must use communication to complete any business deals or transactions. One influence that sets the Chinese apart from other countries in their way of ethics is that their base ethics teachings are based off the teachings of Confucius. Confucius was known as a political figure, educator, and a thinker; his teachings have become the foundation on how the Chinese perceive education...
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...Ethics and Organizational Design- A Literature Review Abstract This literature review observes the views of organizational design and business ethics as they relate to one another in business. The first portion of this paper defines organizational design and business ethics to establish their importance and also examines managerial ethics and corporate social responsibility, sources of ethical principles. The second portion pursues to explain the relationship between business ethics and organizational design and how managers shape ethics through use of value-based leadership and formal structure systems. The third portion pursues to review the importance of ethics to organizational design and the structures that support or enforce ethical behavior in organizations. The fourth portion links literature reviewed and published over the past few years together based on their reference to ethics and organizational design. The literatures are linked together based on commonalities found in the opinions of the authors relating to a spiritual perspective, ethics and corporate structure, organizational and ethical theories, and ethical strategy. Last but not least, the review concludes with a summary of the important role that ethics plays in the organizational design and structure of a business and how it applies to members of management. Keywords: business ethics, organizational design, corporate social responsibility Outline INTRODUCTION I. Organizational Design/Business...
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...Literature Review of Strategic Business Analysis Tools: Research Ethics: PEST, BCG and Porter’s Five-Force Model Abstract This literature review takes the work of twelve different scholarly peered-reviewed resources and explains the outcome of their studies. All of the studies were conducted with different strategic analysis tools and how the use of ethics plays a role in each model. Although there are many strategic tools for managers to use, this literature review focuses in on only three tools. The three strategic analysis tools researched in this literature review are the PEST analysis, the BCG growth matrix, and Porter’s five-force model. This literature review compares the work of the different articles to show how each strategic tool was used in the different articles and where ethics play a role in each research method. The end of the literature review entails different recommendations on how to further the research for a better understanding of these strategic tools while continuing to do so in a manner that remains ethical. In conclusion, this literature review is design to give the reader a better understanding of three different strategic management tools and how they are being used professionally and scholarly with allowing for all research to be done in an manner that does not allow for outcomes that can be used in an unethical manner to pad results. Introduction The business environment is rapidly changing and the past has shown that companies who are...
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...Business Ethics across Cultures Article Review Clarissa R. Hoover XMGT/216 August 4th, 2012 Dr. Frank Czarny, Ph.D. Business Ethics across Cultures Article Review Business ethics and perspectives play a major role in how every business operates on a daily basis. This essay will examine two articles of foreign countries business ethics and perspectives. In addition, the essay will provide a brief summary of the articles. Also, the essay will demonstrate the primary ethical perspectives of the two countries. In addition, the essay will discuss the contributions to understanding global ethical perspectives. Furthermore, the essay will illustrate how the business ethics of a foreign country compares to that of The United States of America. Even though, some business ethics and perspectives differ from country to country generally they are the same. It is very important to uphold an elevated level of ethical behavior when conducting business in a foreign country. There are four main ethical perspectives that one should empathize with which are: character, obligation, results, and equity (Bullard, 2009). When examining ones character individuals should establish their thoughts on what shall be perceived as good versus what is good to accomplish. Furthermore, each individual should realize everyone has a different perspective on how businesses work in a global market. Another ethical perspective one should examine is obligation. Obligation can be described as doing...
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...| 2012 | | OUR LADY OF THE LAKE UNIVERSITY David R Hurtado | NIKE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA | | Nike in Southeast Asia Is it ethical for a company to move its manufacturing jobs from country to country looking for the best price to pay for its product? Can Nike afford to ignore the five forces outlined by Harvard University professor Michael Porter? No they can’t! If they do, they will end up like all those before them that have, closed! Before we take a look at why Nike is such a “Bad Guy,” let’s take a look at the American worker. For many decades now, they have been complaining about the loss of jobs and the lack thereof and blame large corporations for this. The fact of the matter is, the American worker has been pricing themselves right out of the job market for decades now. Nike is doing nothing different than its consumers do when they go from store to store or website to website trying to find the very best deal that they can. Why does the consumer act in this manner? Well I can tell you for me it is to keep as much of my money in my pocket at the same time getting what I want from the store. So why it is then, when corporations like Nike moves its jobs around the world trying to get the best price it can, get chastised for the very behavior that we as consumers partake in every day? I am not too sure of this but it might be because of our self-righteous-judgmental nature. The truth is Nike doesn’t employ the people in these so called sweat shops in Southeast...
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...Glance 1 4 WEEK 1 Ethics Reading Read the following chapters in Business and Society: Stakeholders, Ethics, Public Policy: chapter 4 ("Ethics and Ethical Reasoning") chapter 5 ("Organizational Ethics and the Law") After reading the assigned chapters in your e-text go to the publisher companion site to review key terms and to take the interactive quizzes for the assigned chapters. Overview of Leadership Ethics Access MindEdge and complete the following module. Compare your work to the feedback provided. Module 1: Leadership Ethics If you want additional information to supplement your learning, please review the following SkillSoft resource: Business Ethics for Managers WEEK 2 Overview of Sustainable Management Read the following chapter in Business and Society: Stakeholders, Ethics, Public Policy: chapter 10 ("Ecology and Sustainable Development in Global Business") chapter 11 ("Managing Environmental Issues") After reading the assigned chapters in your e-text go to the publisher companion site to review key terms and to take the interactive quizzes for the assigned chapters. Sustainable Management Review Visit this website for additional information: www.epa.gov Access MindEdge and complete the following module. Compare your work to the feedback provided. Module 3: Overview of Sustainable Management If you want additional information to supplement your learning, please review the following resources: ...
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...Ethics and Integrity in Multinational Companies Silvia Delia OLARU Spiru Haret University, Bucharest, Romania E-mail:olarudelia@yahoo.com Phone: + 40213169793 Elena GURGU Spiru Haret University, Bucharest, Romania E-mail:elenagurgu@yahoo.com Phone: + 40213169785/88 – ext.151 Abstract The good news for multinationals is that globalization is creating more universal standards of business conduct, and these are becoming more rigorous. As more companies adopt these standards, it becomes increasingly important for every multinational to establish companywide core values, standards of behavior, and relevant policies in tune with the rest of the world's ethics and compliance environment. The benefits of an ethical culture outweigh the costs. Globally ethical companies will be those that maintain a strong reputation in all their markets, experience increased employee commitment and loyalty, garner advantages in attracting and retaining customers, and generate superior levels of performance and success. Keywords: globally ethical companies, business conduct, ethical culture, professional standards, corporate code of conduct Introduction Companies operating in foreign countries find that understanding and complying with variant laws, managing employees far from headquarters, serving customers and relating to suppliers and partners in multiple jurisdictions can introduce significant challenges to developing shared corporate values and realizing a truly global culture. Multinational...
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