...Efficiency of Solar Photovoltaic Research and developemnt in Solar PV industry Anushka Pal Riga Technical University Table of Contents Introduction: 4 Efficiency of solar cell 5 Factors affecting PV cell efficiency 14 Temperature 14 Dust 16 Solar irradiance 17 Losses in a solar cell 19 Optical losses 20 Collection losses 21 Resistance losses 21 Metal/semiconductor contacts 21 PV market 21 Cost analysis for PV 23 Parameters that can improve the efficiency of solar cell 30 Conclusions 31 Table of Figures: Figure 1 Best research cell efficiency 5 Figure 2 Measured efficiencies for LFC and PERC cells on p-type silicon 7 Figure 3 Progress in the conversion efficiency of HIT solar cells 8 Figure 4 Output power trends of single-sided HIT and bifacial HIT double modules throughout the year 9 Figure 5 Efficiency ratio of solar cells from a pilot solar series (300 cells). 11 Figure 6 Effect of temperature on PV cell characteristic. 14 Figure 7 Temperature effect on PV efficiency. 15 Figure 8 Effect of dust on PV cell power output. 16 Figure 9 Effect of irradiance on PV characteristic 17 Figure 10 PV module efficiency by different irradiation level 18 Figure 11 Energy output of PV for low radiation under 400 W/m2 18 Figure 12 PV power generation related to irradiance in a day 19 Figure 13 Photons with energy lower than the band gap energy...
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... Nathan Butterbaugh December 2011 I. Purpose/Objective Through an in depth analysis of DuPont I plan on utilizing the principles and concepts studied throughout the textbook to break down the structure and provide a tangible valuation on how management works to stimulate the future growth of the company. With a tough several years embroiled in a downturned economy, a focus will be put on how DuPont has responded and adapted through its management style and implementation of strategies to maintain profitability and realign themselves with the market. II. Introduction/ History E. I. Du Pont De Nemours was founded in 1805 and was incorporated in Wilmington Delaware in 1915. The company first produced high-grade powder used in explosives. However, by the early 1900’s, the company shifted their focus to chemicals and energy to meet escalating needs by consumers and businesses. Today, DuPont is a world leader in science and innovation across a range of disciplines, including agriculture and industrial biotechnology, chemistry, biology, materials science and manufacturing. As of December 2010, according to the annual 10-K, DuPont employs over 60,000 people, amassed revenue of 322.7 billion with profits of just over 3 billion. The company has a diversified portfolio of business segments that range from seed production to auto paint-coatings and even pharmaceuticals. Ellen Kullman was introduced...
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...Technology 8 Business Segments Agriculture Electronics & Communications Industrial Biosciences Nutrition & Health Performance Materials Safety & Protection Performance Chemicals 22 Corporate Financial Data Segment Information Selected Additional Data Inside Back Cover Board of Directors and DuPont Leadership Individual Shareholder Relations: (302) 774-3033 Main Office Number: (302) 774-4994 Internet: www.dupont.com The DuPont DATA BOOK has been prepared to assist financial analysts, portfolio managers and others in understanding and evaluating the company. This book presents graphics, tabular and other statistical data about the consolidated company and its business segments. Forward-Looking Statements This DATA BOOK contains forward-looking statements which may be identified by their use of words like “plans,” “expects,” “will,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “intends,” “estimates” or other words of similar meaning. Although they reflect our current expectations, these statements are not guarantees of future performance, but involve a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Some of which include: fluctuations in energy and raw material prices; failure to develop and market new products and optimally manage product life cycles; global economic and capital markets conditions; litigation and environmental matters; changes in laws and regulations or political conditions; business or supply disruptions; ability to protect and enforce the company’s intellectual property rights; successful...
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...NaNotechNology applicatioNs for cleaN Water Micro & NaNo TechNologies series editor: Jeremy ramsden Professor of Nanotechnology Microsystems and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Materials Cranfield University, United Kingdom the aim of this book series is to disseminate the latest developments in small scale technologies with a particular emphasis on accessible and practical content. these books will appeal to engineers from industry, academia and government sectors. for more information about the book series and new book proposals please contact the publisher, Dr. Nigel hollingworth at nhollingworth@williamandrew.com. http://www.williamandrew.com/MNt NaNotechNology applicatioNs for cleaN Water edited by Nora savage Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency and (in alphabetical order) Mamadou Diallo Materials and process simulation center, Division of chemistry and chemical engineering, california institute of technology Jeremiah Duncan Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison anita street Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency and Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign richard sustich N o r w i c h , N Y, U S A copyright © 2009 by William andrew inc. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying...
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...PV StatuS RePoRt EUR 24807 EN - 2011 The Institute for Energy provides scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of community policies related to energy. Special emphasis is given to the security of energy supply and to sustainable and safe energy production. European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Energy Contact information Address: Via Enrico Fermi 2749 TP 450 21027 Ispra (VA) Italy E-mail: arnulf.jaeger-waldau@ec.europa.eu Tel.: +39 0332 789119 Fax: +39 0332 789268 http://ie.jrc.ec.europa.eu www.jrc.ec.europa.eu PV Status Report 2011 Research, Solar Cell Production and Market Implementation of Photovoltaics July 2011 Arnulf Jäger-Waldau European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy, Renewable Energy Unit Via Enrico Fermi 2749; TP 450 I – 21027 Ispra (VA), Italia EUR 24807 EN Legal notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use, which might be made of the following information. The report does not represent any official position of the European Commission, nor do its contents prejudge any future Commission proposals in any areas of Community policy. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu/ JRC 64900 EUR 24807 EN ISBN 978-92-79-20171-4 ISSN 1831-4155 doi 10.2788/87966 The report...
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...McKinsey Global Institute May 2013 Disruptive technologies: Advances that will transform life, business, and the global economy The McKinsey Global Institute The McKinsey Global Institute (MGI), the business and economics research arm of McKinsey & Company, was established in 1990 to develop a deeper understanding of the evolving global economy. Our goal is to provide leaders in the commercial, public, and social sectors with the facts and insights on which to base management and policy decisions. MGI research combines the disciplines of economics and management, employing the analytical tools of economics with the insights of business leaders. Our “micro-to-macro” methodology examines microeconomic industry trends to better understand the broad macroeconomic forces affecting business strategy and public policy. MGI’s in-depth reports have covered more than 20 countries and 30 industries. Current research focuses on four themes: productivity and growth, the evolution of global financial markets, the economic impact of technology and innovation, and urbanization. Recent reports have assessed job creation, resource productivity, cities of the future, and the impact of the Internet. MGI is led by McKinsey & Company directors Richard Dobbs and James Manyika. Yougang Chen, Michael Chui, Susan Lund, and Jaana Remes serve as MGI principals. Project teams are led by a group of senior fellows and include consultants from McKinsey’s offices around the world. These teams draw...
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...1 KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION SYLLABUS FOR PROVINCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICE COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION The Syllabus and standard for the Competitive Examination for the Provincial Management Service shall be as under : 1. The Examination shall include compulsory and optional subjects, and every candidate shall take all the compulsory subjects and opt for three of the optional subjects carrying 600 marks in all but not more than 200 marks from a single group. 2. A candidate shall answer the language papers in the language concerned. The question paper in Islamiat is to be answered in Urdu or English. All other papers must be answered in English. Violation of this instruction shall incur cancellation of the concerned paper(s) and consequently award of Zero. 3. The compulsory and optional subjects and maximum marks fixed for each subject shall be as below: Sr. No. 1 2 3 COMPULSORY SUBJECTS Subjects English (Précis & Composition) English Essay General Knowledge (a) Current Affairs 100 (b) Every Day Science 100 (c) Pakistan Affairs 100 Islamiat Viva Voce Total Maximum Marks 100 100 300 100 300 900 600 120 4 5 Qualifying marks in the aggregate of written papers: Qualifying marks in the Viva Voce: The non-Muslim candidates will have the option to take Islamiat as a compulsory subject or otherwise Pakistan Affairs (General Knowledge PaperIII) will be treated of 200 marks and counted in lieu of Islamiat. A candidate who fails to appear in any of the compulsory...
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...Trends in manufacturing to 2020 A foresighting discussion paper Future Manufacturing Industry Innovation Council i Date: 30 September 2011 For more information, or to comment on the paper, please contact: Manager Future Manufacturing Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research GPO Box 9839 Canberra ACT 2601 Phone: (02) 6213 6000 Facsimile: (02) 6213 7000 Email: Futuremanufacturing@innovation.gov.au ii Future Manufacturing Council discussion paper: Trends in manufacturing to 2020 Table of Contents Executive summary ....................................................................................................................................1 Background.................................................................................................................................................2 Future Manufacturing Council................................................................................................................2 Defining manufacturing...........................................................................................................................2 Profile of Australian manufacturing........................................................................................................4 Trends to 2020 ... and beyond: Issues and opportunities for Australian manufacturing...................12 Terms of trade driving value and volatility of the Australian dollar and structural changes in the economy – an upside...
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...Identifying and Evaluating business Opportunities, idea generation and evaluation, Lifecycle and growth plans and the role of the entrepreneur in each stage, Exit options, Preparation and Presentation of Business Plans. Unit III Post-entry entrepreneurial issues: Implementing Business plans, Forms of business ownership, Professionalization and Management Succession, Reinventing and turn around. Support systems for entrepreneurs: Institutional support: Training Institutions, Financial Institutions, Research and Technology, Marketing and Legal aspects, Taxation benefits, Global aspects of Entrepreneurship SUGGESTED READINGS: 1. Anjan Raichaudhuri (2010) Managing New Ventures- Concepts and cases on Entrepreneurship, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 2. Hisrich, R.D, Peter, M. P and Shepherd, D.A (2006) Entrepreneurship, New Delhi: Tata Mcgraw Hill, sixth edition. 3. Dollinger, Mark J (2004) Entrepreneurship: strategies and resources, Delhi: Pearson Education (Singapore) 4. Sharma, Sudhir, Singh, Balraj and Singhal, Sandeep (2005) Entrepreneurship development, New- Delhi: Wisdom Publications 5. Saini, J S and Rathore, B S (2001), Entrepreneurship: theory and practice. New Delhi: A.H.Wheeler, 2001. 6. Desai, V (2006), Small- Scale Industries and Entrepreneurship, Himalaya Publishing House. 7. Jain P. C. (1998), “Hand book for new entrepreneurs”, Oxford University 8. Peter Drucker (1993), “Innovation and Entrepreneurship”, Hyper Business Book 9. Barrow, Colin, Brown...
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...Chemistry/Physics Laboratory Workshop Physical Training-I NCC/NSO/NSS L 3 3 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 13 T 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 P 0 0 0 3 0 2 3 2 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 6 0 0 8 2 C 8 6 8 5 6 2 3 0 0 38 8 8 8 8 6 2 0 0 40 8 8 6 6 6 2 2 2 40 6 6 8 2 Course No EC-1101 CS-1101 MA-1102 ME-1101 PH-1101/ CH-1101 CS-1111 EE-1111 PH-1111/ CH-1111 Course Name Semester-2 Basic Electronics Introduction to Computing Mathematics-II Engineering Mechanics Physics/Chemistry Computing Laboratory Electrical Science Laboratory Physics/Chemistry Laboratory Physical Training –II NCC/NSO/NSS Semester-4 Structural Analysis-I Hydraulics Environmental Engg-I Structural Design-I Managerial Economics Engg. Geology Laboratory Hydraulics Laboratory Physical Training-IV NCC/NSO/NSS Semester-6 Structural Design-II Structural Analysis-III Foundation Engineering Transportation Engineering-II Hydrology &Flood Control Concrete Lab Structural Engineering Lab L 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 15 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 15 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 T 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 P 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 C 6 6 8 8 8 2 2 2 0 0 42 8 8 6 8 6 2 2 0 0 40 8 8 8 6 6 2 2 MA-1201 CE- 1201 CE -1202 CE -1203 CE-1204 CE-1211 Semester-3 Mathematics-III Building Materials and...
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...UNIVERSITY OF KERALA B. TECH DEGREE COURSE 2008 SCHEME ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING I to VIII SEMESTER SCHEME AND SYLLABUS BOARD OF STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF KERALA B.Tech Degree Course – 2008 Scheme REGULATIONS 1. Conditions for Admission Candidates for admission to the B.Tech degree course shall be required to have passed the Higher Secondary Examination, Kerala or 12th Standard V.H.S.E., C.B.S.E., I.S.C. or any examination accepted by the university as equivalent thereto obtaining not less than 50% in Mathematics and 50% in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry/ Bio- technology/ Computer Science/ Biology put together, or a diploma in Engineering awarded by the Board of Technical Education, Kerala or an examination recognized as equivalent thereto after undergoing an institutional course of at least three years securing a minimum of 50 % marks in the final diploma examination subject to the usual concessions allowed for backward classes and other communities as specified from time to time. 2. Duration of the course i) The course for the B.Tech Degree shall extend over a period of four academic years comprising of eight semesters. The first and second semester shall be combined and each semester from third semester onwards shall cover the groups of subjects as given in the curriculum and scheme of examination ii) Each semester shall ordinarily comprise of not less than 400 working periods each of 60 minutes...
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...Women Inventors, What significant inventions( important parts of our lives) are women responsible for? Battery container Nancy Perkins 1986 Beehive Thiphena Hornbrook 1861 Canister vacuum Nancy Perkins 1987 Car heater Margaret Wilcox 1893 Circular saw Tabitha Babbit 1812 Computer program Augusta Ada Byron 1842 Cooking stove Elizabeth Hawk 1867 Dam and reservoir construction Harriet Strong 1887 Direct and return mailing envelope Beulah Henry 1962 Dishwasher Josephine Cochran 1872 Drinking fountain device Laurene O'Donnell 1985 Electric hot water heater Ida Forbes 1917 Elevated railway Mary Walton 1881 Engine muffler El Dorado Jones 1917 Feedback control for data processing Erna Hoover 1971 Fire escape Anna Connelly 1887 Globes Ellen Fitz 1875 Grain storage bin Lizzie Dickelman 1920 Improved locomotive wheels Mary Jane Montgomery 1864 Improvement in dredging machines Emily Tassey 1876 Improvement in stone pavements Emily Gross 1877 Kevlar, a steel-like fiber used in radial tires, crash helmets, and bulletproof vests Stephanie Kwolek 1966 Life raft Maria Beaseley 1882 Liquid Paper correction fluid Bette Nesmith Graham 1956 Locomotive chimney Mary Walton 1879 Medical syringe Letitia Geer 1899 Mop-wringer pail Eliza Wood 1889 Oil burner Amanda Jones 1880 Permanent wave for the hair Marjorie Joyner 1928 Portable screen summer house Nettie Rood 1882 Refrigerator Florence Parpart 1914 Rolling pin Catherine Deiner 1891 Rotary...
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...NOTE: This PDF document has a handy set of “bookmarks” for it, which are accessible by pressing the Bookmarks tab on the left side of this window. ***************************************************** We are the last. The last generation to be unaugmented. The last generation to be intellectually alone. The last generation to be limited by our bodies. We are the first. The first generation to be augmented. The first generation to be intellectually together. The first generation to be limited only by our imaginations. We stand both before and after, balancing on the razor edge of the Event Horizon of the Singularity. That this sublime juxtapositional tautology has gone unnoticed until now is itself remarkable. We're so exquisitely privileged to be living in this time, to be born right on the precipice of the greatest paradigm shift in human history, the only thing that approaches the importance of that reality is finding like minds that realize the same, and being able to make some connection with them. If these books have influenced you the same way that they have us, we invite your contact at the email addresses listed below. Enjoy, Michael Beight, piman_314@yahoo.com Steven Reddell, cronyx@gmail.com Here are some new links that we’ve found interesting: KurzweilAI.net News articles, essays, and discussion on the latest topics in technology and accelerating intelligence. SingInst.org The Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence: think tank devoted to increasing...
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...2014-2015 Undergraduate Academic Calendar and Course Catalogue Published June 2014 The information contained within this document was accurate at the time of publication indicated above and is subject to change. Please consult your faculty or the Registrar’s office if you require clarification regarding the contents of this document. Note: Program map information located in the faculty sections of this document are relevant to students beginning their studies in 2014-2015, students commencing their UOIT studies during a different academic year should consult their faculty to ensure they are following the correct program map. i Message from President Tim McTiernan I am delighted to welcome you to the University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), one of Canada’s most modern and dynamic university communities. We are a university that lives by three words: challenge, innovate and connect. You have chosen a university known for how it helps students meet the challenges of the future. We have created a leading-edge, technology-enriched learning environment. We have invested in state-of-the-art research and teaching facilities. We have developed industry-ready programs that align with the university’s visionary research portfolio. UOIT is known for its innovative approaches to learning. In many cases, our undergraduate and graduate students are working alongside their professors on research projects and gaining valuable hands-on learning, which we believe is integral...
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...McKinsey on Chemicals Number 3, Winter 2011 4 22 40 Chemicals’ changing competitive landscape Innovation in chemicals: An interview with Dow Corning’s Stephanie Burns and Gregg Zank Improving pricing and sales execution in chemicals 10 32 46 A capital-markets perspective on chemical-industry performance Capturing the lean energy opportunity in chemical manufacturing Kick-starting organic growth McKinsey on Chemicals is written Editorial Board: Florian Budde, Copyright © 2011 McKinsey & Company. by consultants in McKinsey’s global Philip Eykerman, Bob Frei, All rights reserved. chemicals practice together David Hunter, Tomas Koch, John Warner This publication is not intended to be with other McKinsey colleagues. Editor: David Hunter used as the basis for trading in the shares of any company or for undertaking This publication offers readers insights into value-creating strategies Art Direction: Veronica Belsuzarri, any other complex or significant financial and how to translate these Shoili Kanungo transaction without consulting strategies into company performance. Design Direction: Veronica Belsuzarri appropriate professional advisers. Design and Layout: Shoili Kanungo To send comments, request Editorial Production: Elizabeth No part of this publication may be copies, or to request permission to Brown, Heather Byer, Nadia Davis, copied or redistributed...
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