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Business Start-Ups and Costs

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Submitted By luisa96
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Cost, Revenue & Profit
Key terms:
•PRICE: The amount paid by a consumer to purchase one unit of a product.
•TOTAL REVENUE: the income received from an organisation’s activities.
Total revenue= price per unit x quantity of units sold.
•PROFIT: the difference between the income of a business and its total costs.
Profit= total revenue – total costs

Total revenue
Total revenue may also be described by the following terms:
• Income
• Revenue
• Sales Revenue
• Sales Turnover
• Turnover
The total revenue (TR) can be calculated by multiplying the average selling price (p) by the quantity sold (q):
TR= pxq
e.g. Selling price= £8; Items sold= 5; Total revenue= £40
Similarly, if the total revenue is £48 and the selling price (sp) is £4 the quantity sold (qs) is £48/£4= 12 units
QS= tr/sp
Also if TR is £60 and QS is 10 units, the selling price is £6 (£60/10)
SP= tr/qs

Profit
Profit is the prime objective of most firms.
There are two ways of improving profit:
• Increase sales revenue
• Decrease costs
A combination of both would be the ideal way of achieving additional profit.

Costs
Some functional areas of a business (e.g. production or administration) can help to achieve rising profits by reducing costs. A business can increase profit by using different methods like:
• cutting down on staff
• reducing the amount of wastage on the production line
However businesses have to be careful because these savings should not compromise the quality of their products or service. If this happens, the total revenue may be affected as customers will be less likely to buy the products.
Costs are a major factor in determining the overall success of a firm, as measured by its profit.

Classifying Costs
There are two reasons for classifying costs:
• To assess the impact of changes in output on the costs of production: a business can compare its

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