...SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN System development life cycle INTRODUCTION Systems Development: is the entire process of creating an application, gathering user requirements, designing the database, designing the modules, coding the programs, testing the product and implementing it. The historical perspective provides insights that inform today’s work. The history started with business applications created in the 1950’s, develops under the influence of legacy systems, and evolves together with technological and social factors. The significance of system changes has increased. Moreover, many specialists now need certain skills in the analysis, understanding, and evaluation of the system development and evolution processes. Systems are created to solve problems. Early systems development often took place in a rather chaotic and haphazard manner, relying entirely on the skills and experience of the individual people members performing the work. The history of systems development has a different fundamental change agent, a different factor which may be thought of as driving the history, of stimulating long-run changes. All system development efforts engage in some combination of the below tasks, System conceptualization, System requirements and benefits analysis, Project adoption and project scoping, System design, Specification of software requirements, Architectural design, Detailed design, Unit development, Software integration and testing, System integration and testing, Installation...
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...distinctive competencies. Business information systems (BIS) play a significant role in developing the competitive merits among other competitors. Through the contribution on the five competitive forces described by Porter (1980), information systems could assist an organization to achieve the strategic advantage (Greasley, Bocij, & Hickie, 2008). BIS is a complex process of converting data to information which facilitates the planning, operational activities and decision making (Hardcastle, 2008). People, computers, processes and communication interact in BIS, and thus it is more than technology. Llett (2006) claimed that the value of the system should be led by business need rather than technology. Facing the challenges from business change, managers are expecting the BIS could satisfy the desired purposes such as increasing revenue and reducing cost. As one of the BIS, enterprise resource planning (ERP) attracts the managers’ attention by standardized firm-wide transactions and central data management. By replacing the complex interfaces between the different systems, ERP provides a ‘standardized, cross- functional transaction automation’ and enables the organisation to collect data once through the initial transaction, data storage and process (Hendricks, Singhal, & Stratman, 2007, p. 68). However, whether these benefits could be realised is determined by the alignment between the system and organisational objectives, the feasibility of the system implementation, and the...
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...Smithers, but feel Burns’ frustration! IT is one of those necessary evils in my mind. I have been through multiple system changes, each one being more of a PITA. Now I am in a situation where there are multiple patient management systems that do not interface with each other or our accounting system. I think the problem here is not a system problem, but a planning problem. Each one of these different systems is good on its own, some of the newer ones are better than the older ones obviously, but the new ones that don’t interface have created an abundance of manually entry which leads to human error. My thought is that all of this technology should help reduce human error by reducing the “human” part. I am clearly not an IT person; I use the programs for what I need and tats as much as I want to know. I feel the key to a smoother transition and useful productive changes is planning. Haphazard implementation with half trained staff is only frustrating and time consuming. But with all the problems and frustration, I still have to agree with Smithers. There is no way a company can get by without constant updating which does cost money. As for Burns, he sounds like he is overwhelmed with the frustration and can’t see the benefits clearly. I thought his car example was funny, I wanted to yell out that if he were still riding in a Model T today, perhaps he would understand the need for continuous improvement to keep up with the rest of society and appreciate the costly improvements. Brad...
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...Technical View of System Analysis and Design Abstract System Analysis and Design is a process. Analysis is the part that involves the study of the units working together. Design is an essential phase in the development process based on the user needs. System Analysis and Design is an approach towards reinforcing the analysis and design of information systems with the objective of improving the system performance by automation. This paper explores the Managers outlook and importance of System Analysis and Design as well as the exploration into organizations that utilize System Development and Design. We uphold that continual and extensive use of current System Analysis and Design Methodologies will assist in the development of an effective system. Key Words: System Analysis, System Design, Methodologies Introduction Computers are now becoming part of virtually every activity in an organization. This paper explores the relationship between the organizations and managers of IS projects and the usefulness and need for IS project managers to become more knowledgeable to be able to effectively anticipate and deal with conflicts that arise as a consequence of information systems creation or modifications in organizations. The development of a system basically involves two major parts: System Analysis and System Design. System Analysis is defined as the study of a business problem domain or area to recommend improvements and specify the business requirements and...
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...How To Do Business In China Now that business is becoming global, it combined the whole economic, no matter you will accept or not, any countries, corporations and individuals can not stop this trend, what we can do is change ourselves to suit the globalization. As a multinational company, develop different markets have its necessity, and market development can be helpful for the development of the company. In this report ,as the people working in this company, will analyze the differences between home country market and target country market, and help to choose the suitable market when company have willing to investing in a foreign country, the decision of the country which the company can invest in is China. In this report, will make analysis for Chinese market in economic environment, culture, marketing and human resource management, to prove its accessibility, and what risks the company will meet, then give some recommendations to escape or solve the problems. For the decision of target market, will based on its profitability and expansibility, China is a country that has the number of population as 1.3 billion, which means it has great predominance in consumption, now Chinese people’s consumption in household goods and home furnishings less 100 Yuan per capita, below the standard of world average as 200 dollars. But with the development of Chinese economic, there are 20 million people will enter the middle class per year, and with the increasing of people’s income...
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...Who to target: initial target market, customer need/job, and market size estimate (zeros) From the African economic outlook report of 2014, Cameroon has shown a strong prospect of economic growth. With a stable political and economic atmosphere, the business environment is very conducive and has already set a pace for economic growth and investment. Looking at the consulting sector, it is a very large industry with plenty of opportunities to explore. We have carried out a number of studies on the Business environment, and target market segment we would be focusing on. Here are our target Market: 1. The government; The government of Cameroon has as of 2013 engaged in a number of investment programs. With expansion in the agricultural sector topping the list, this is expected to create a multi-billion dollar industry. The government is currently seeking for firms and corporations to work with in other to achieve is 2035 goals. According to the African economic outlook report, investment in energy is also top in the government’s agenda, road and other infrastructural development are also a priority. 2. Other Multinational consulting Firms. We are putting into place every mechanism to work with other multinational consulting firms. This is a very important target because, most of the multinationals look for opportunities to work with smaller local consultants for the obvious reasons of their knowledge of the business environment. Outsourcing services will constitute...
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...They had local company knowledge but not the required application domain knowledge to allow them to develop such a system within the timescale required. Power IT’s CEO and Finance Director decided to purchase an enterprise resource planning solution from a third-party vendor and have it modified to fit their needs as long as they were able to fit this within the available budget. With the 3rd party modified off-the-shelf solution they were able to depend on their software development expertise and did not need to invest in ‘reinventing the wheel’. The vendor also had adequate application domain expertise. What they lacked was the local company knowledge. This is where the Business Development manager was hired to work with the vendor on educating them about Power IT’s requirements and help ease the transition. 2. What were the major problems encountered during the selection and implementation phases of the project? One of the main downfalls that occurred during the selection of this project was deciding to go with an ERP system just because competitors were perceived to be adapting ERP systems. The CEO and finance director recognized the inadequacies in the current manufacturer resource planning system (MRPII) and thought it would be prudent to switch to an ERP system which covered all business functions rather than keep investing in a dated MRPII system. While it is necessary for a company to...
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...ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENT 1 2.1 Introduction In international accounting research, environmental influence is the key to understanding one country’s accounting system. "To a large extent, accounting is a product of its environment. That is, it is shaped by, reflects, and reinforces particular characteristics unique to its national environment" (Radebaugh and Gray 1997). From the late 1960s, researchers in international accounting have tried to categorize countries according to a series of criteria, which have been developed on a deductive or conductive basis. These criteria tried to explain the reasons for accounting differences between countries; they aimed to describe and compare different systems with each other in an efficient way. There are several advantages to categorize and analyze the differences among countries: First, it promotes improved understanding of the complex realities of accounting practices, as well as the factors that shape a country’s accounting regulations; Second, it provides useful information for solving some of the important accounting problems that exist in the world. For example, it can help policymakers assess the prospects and problems of international harmonization; Third, it can assist in the training of accountants and auditors who operate internationally; And finally, it can enable a developing country to better understand the available and appropriate types of financial reporting by seeing other countries’ use of particular systems. By...
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...Migrating Legacy Applications to the Modern World? What you need to know. photo credit: Nanagyei photopin via cc Every machine evolves over time and gets to a point where it needs to be replaced or enhanced to fit new and changing needs. There are very less things that are sustainable to change. Software Applications are no different. As time progresses, as new technology arrives, new ways of doing things become the “norm”, things that were developed years ago start to age, appear old and tacky and calls for migration to the new system. However migration is not always easy, not always necessary. Biting the bullet of migration is also a challenging task and there are certain things that need to be carefully determined before we jump in migration. Still reading? Lets take a look at what things we should consider before jumping to migration. Current System Life of a software as it is As we just discussed, software application have an expiry date and though they are kind of working and get some work done, they tend to be replaced with a newer better version of it, specially when new technology comes often. Applications that are end user exposed example, website, mobile and desktop apps tend to expire more early then those backend applications, just because as new user experience techniques comes in to market, the old and not upgraded systems look outdated and ...
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...Enterprise Systems Development: Impact of Various Software Development Methodologies By NAVEEN KARKONDA Id#110-00-4907 Abstract: Software Development Methodologies have always been the main focus in the software development life cycle of any project. Each evolutionary shift introduced new ways of thinking and viewing problems as well as introducing strengths and weaknesses in software development. However, identifying one stop solution in terms of a software development methodology for enterprise wide application development whose various sub-components or sub-stages can be best used to describe a software development scenario is still an evolving domain. This, coupled with the reality that computer science and its allied areas like information systems and information technology domains are moving forward rapidly with regards to available technologies, making it extremely difficult task for practitioners to maintain pace with the available information technologies and their application in various domains. It is to address these scenarios and probabilities that this research paper examines various software development methodologies or process models and their impact on the overall software development life cycle. 1. Introduction: Software Development Methodologies have always been the main focus during the software development life cycle of any project. Over the past 40 years, there have been significant paradigm shifts in software development, such as...
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...Ecommerce System This document presents the proposed E-Commerce System for the AutoZone Company. The main goal is to address the problem of the company: the need for a comprehensive and integrated information system that would support E-Commerce along with the supply chain management system and the customer relationship management system. Note that AutoZone is a company that distributes and sells automotive spare parts and accessories to its various stores in the country. This business organization is already operating in different geographical locations and is continuing to grow while maintaining its supply chain as a vital component of the business. In this regard, it is argued that the AutoZone Company needs to develop such a comprehensive and integrated system in order to maximize the business benefits of the supply chain management system, the customer relationship management system and the e-commerce system. To date, the work that has been completed includes the development of the individual systems, namely, the supply chain management system and the customer relationship management system. These two systems have already been individually developed by the company, which means that the supply chain management system and the customer relationship management system are already functioning separately. The company is already benefitting from the use of these two systems, but the system is still not yet linked or integrated with each other. The supply chain management system functions...
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...requirements for the performance management of the new supply chain era. The review study covers articles coming from major journals related with the topic, including a taxonomy study and detailed investigation as to the methodologies, approaches and findings of these works. The methodology followed during the conduct of this research includes starting with a broad base of articles lying at the intersection of supply chain, information technology (IT), performance measurement and business process management topics and then screening the list to have a focus on supply chain performance measurement. Findings reveal that performance measurement in the new supply era is still an open area of research. Further need of research is identified regarding framework development, empirical cross-industry research and adoption of performance measurement systems for the requirements of the new era, to include the development of partnership, collaboration, agility, flexibility, information productivity and business excellence metrics. The contribution of this study lies in the taxonomy study, detailed description and treatment of methodologies followed and in shedding light on future research. Keywords: supply chain; performance measurement; metrics; maturity 1. Introduction Coordination...
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...Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Social Characteristics 5 3. Cultural Characteristics 6 4. International Business Involvement Options 8 5. NZ Government Support 9 6. Conclusion 9 7. References 10 1. Introduction India is one of the largest countries in the world. It is becoming a lucrative market for processed food imports, popular because of a growing population of 1.2billon. New Zealand exporters have found the biggest market potential is for processed foods such as milk and dairy, coffee and carbonated drinks, and seafood. Fonterra have invested in India and want to keep sustainable development. India is also the one of the world's largest agricultural producers with a large farming industry. Its GDP was calculated to be US $2,010 billion in 2012 and to grow at 7 to 8percent per annum. There has been a specific increase in purchasing power among the cities. Indian packaged food trade was US$25.4 billion in 2011 and it was hoped to reach US$35 billion by 2016, with the highest value segments (dairy, bakery and oil) (India Online, 2013). India’s consumers have become more health conscious, more and more people are concerned with heart disease and diabetes. This influences their purchasing decisions. The New Zealand-India Free Trade Agreement currently being negotiated to reduce tariffs (India Online, 2013). India’s importance is growing for New Zealand. New Zealand export for food and beverages...
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...Model Driven Development – Future or Failure of Software Development? Ruben Picek, Vjeran Strahonja University of Zagreb, Faculty of Organization and Informatics, Varaždin ruben.picek@foi.hr, vjeran.strahonja@foi.hr Abstract. This article discusses some issues of the software development paradigm called Model Driven Development (MDD). Its basic idea is to move software development to a higher level of abstraction by using models as primary artifacts, and to transform models into the source code, with the aid of tools. Currently, there are several approaches to the realization of MDD paradigm which should bring a lot of benefits. However there are still problems to be solved, which will be discussed here. The authors are also going to analyze developers pros and cons, and give their own opinion about today's open question: Will MDD become a failure in trying to deal with software crisis, like the idea of CASE tools in 80's or will it become the future of software development? Keywords. MDD, MDD approaches, Software Factories, Software Development 1. Model Driven Development Paradigm In the last few years, software development has been faced with many challenges. Requirements of new and/or existing systems are growing, systems are complex and it is hard to build them on time and on budget. As an answer to these challenges, a wide spectrum of new approaches occurred, varying from buzzwords to comprehensive methodologies. One of the most prominent paradigms is Model Driven Development...
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...Index Sr No | Topic | 1 | Executive summary | 2 | Literature review | 3 | Introduction | 4 | Overview of Zenith Infotech | 5 | Process- Marketing and Pricing strategy | 6 | Overview of Zenith Infotech | 7 | Learning | 8 | Future scope | 9 | References | Executive summary Time-to-market, more flexible support for business strategies by IT, and faster response time to competitive conditions are combining to accelerate cloud computing adoption today. This report aims to learn the major aspects of IT sales especially in cloud computing, which involves understanding the technologies involved in the functioning of an IT business model. For this purpose, various articles were referred and few corporate visits were done within the span of two-week of the SLIP. The report discusses various information about overview of top IT companies, types of cloud, virtualization, Saas, Paas, DRaas, Capex, Opex, Marketing and pricing strategies involved in cloud solutions. Our professional mentor was from Zenith Infotech. Zenith Infotech is an international company that specializes in delivering innovative business continuity and cloud computing solutions for IT service providers. The report further discusses Zenith’s products,learnings imbibed from the programme and the future scope of cloud computing in detail. Literature Review 1.Identifying Cloud Computing Security Risks (February 2011) -Paul Wooley Tyco Electronics Abstract Cloud computing services including...
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