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Apple Incorporated was formed on April 1, 1976 and designs, manufactors and markets mobile and media devices, computers and digital music players. Apple also sells a range of related software, services and third party digital content and applications. Apples products and services include the iPhone, iPad, Mac, iPod and Apple TV, and a portfolio of consumer and professional software applications which include the iOS and OS X operating systems, iCloud, and a service and support offerings.
Apple is the worlds second largest I.T company by revenue after Samsung electronics and the worlds second largest mobile phone maker after Samsung too. Apple shipped 153.4 million mobile phone units in 2013, compared to Samsungs 313.9 million units. This gave Apple a 15.3% markets share in the mobile phone market compared to Samsungs 31.3% market share. http://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS24645514 Fortune magazine names Apple the most admired company in the United States in 2008, and in the world it was the most admired company from 2008 to 2012. http://archive.fortune.com/galleries/2008/fortune/0802/gallery.mostadmired_top20.fortune/index.html http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/most-admired/2012/snapshots/670.html?iid=splwinners
In 2013 Apple became the worlds most valuable brand in the Omnicoms "best Global Brands" report, overtaking the likes of Coca-Cola and Google. This broke a thirteen year run by Coca-Cola being number one. The report extimates Apples brand to be worth $98.3 billion in 2012 and upto $118.9 billion in 2013 still making them ranked in 2014. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/30/business/media/apple-passes-coca-cola-as-most-valuable-brand.html?_r=3& http://www.bestglobalbrands.com/2014/ranking/
Apple has over 400 retail stores in 14 countries, as well as the Apple Store online and the iTunes store. The iTunes store is the worlds largest music retailer. http://www.apple.com/retail/storelist/ Apple employes over 80,000 people worldwide. https://www.apple.com/about/ Apple is the largest publicly traded corporation in the world with an estimated world capitalization of $446 billion. In 2013 its annual worldwide revenue was over $170 billion and in 2013 Apple entered the top ten Fortune 500 company list for the first time taking the sixth position and is currently ranked fifth in 2014. http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-apple-facebook-fortune-500-20130506-story.html http://fortune.com/fortune500/apple-inc-5/
Since 2011 Apple Inc has been consistantly ranked the number one company but its does not make the Corporate Responsibilities Magazine`s 100 Best Corporate Citizens.

Employee issues
In 2006 Apple came under scruntuny when the working conditions were reported that existed at factories in China where Apple products where produced by manufactoring companies Foxconn and Inventec. The article stated that in one of the complexes of factories that makes the iPod had over 200,000 workers that lived and worked at the factory. These workers worked over 60 hours a week and earned around $100 per month. Out of these wages workers were expected to pay for rent and food from the company which ammounted to almost half the workers earnings. http://www.mailonsunday.co.uk/news/article-401234/The-stark-reality-iPods-Chinese-factories.html http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/15/AR2006061501898.html
Apple launched an investigated into the article and worked with its manufactorers to ensure acceptable working conditions. Apple started doing yearly audits of all its manufactorers and supppliers regauding workers rights. This resulted in slowly raising standards and ending relationships with any that did not comply. Since 2008 its has published yearly progress reports.
In 2010 workers at some of Apples suppliers factories in China planned to sue over poisoning by a cleaner used to clean the LCD screens in Apples iPhones. Workers claimed that they had not been informed of possible illnesses. Also in 2010 it was reported that there was a spate of suicides at a Foxconn factory in China that makes Apple iPads and iPhones. http://www.wired.com/2010/05/wintek-employees-sue/ http://www.economist.com/node/16231588
Being one of the most successful companies of the past decade and having one of the largest cash reserves of any corporation in the world Apple of all companies has the resources to try everything to prevent this type of failure.
After the revalations were exposed of poor working conditions, excessive overtime and even suicides at one of its suppliers in China, the response from Steve Jobs stance reguarding this was that Apple operate within legal and social norms. This was not pro-active in terms of corporate social responsibility.
In 2011 Apple admited that child labour was a growing problem at the factories that manufacture its goods. In 10 chinese facories of its suppliers it had found 91 children under the age of 16 working there. Apple responed to this growing problem by intensifing its search for works under the age of 16 and as a result of finding 42 children working on one production line at a factory in China ad resulted in the termination of its contract with that supplier. Apple said that the management “had chosen to overlook the issue and was not committed to addressing the problem.” http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/8324867/Apples-child-labour-issues-worsen.html http://www.apple.com/supplier-responsibility/ The corporate image of Apple to its consumers is almost as important as the products that it makes, which meant that Apple had to do something when such articles and reports are published.

Climate change and clean energy
A report released in 2011 by Greenpeace highlighted the fact that in data centers consumed upto 2% of all global electricity and this amount was projected to increase in the future. In 2011 Greenpeace environmental activists had been presurrising Apple to clean up its act and commit to using renwable energy sources After a Greenpeace protest against Apple, Apple Inc. released a statement in 2012 committing to ending its use of non-renewable energy and shifting 100% to clean energy sources. It done this by using renewable sources, such as solar, wind power, or hydro-electric dams to power its data centre. By 2013 Apple was using 100% renewable engery to power all of their data centres and overall 75% of its power came from renewable energy sources. http://www.wired.com/2012/05/apple_coal/ In 2008 Apple was placed last amoung other electronic companies when it scored 11 points out of 100 by a nonprofit organisation called Climate Counts. Climate Counts is dedicated to directing comsumers towards the greenest companies. Climate Counts labeled Apple at the time as "a choice to avoid for the climate conscious consumer" Since 2008 Apple has continued to complete a comprehenisve inventory of the impact that it has on global warming and contines to reiew this going forward. It has established clear goals to reduce the companies emissions and has started projects that have resulted in reductions. Apple has distinguised itself by strongly advocating for comprehensive public policy that addresses climate change that would in turn lead to the growth of renewable energy capacity. This has rusulted in its score increasing to 62 in 2013 and being labeled as "A very good choice...still has work to do but their begining to hit their stride" http://www.informationweek.com/desktop/environmental-group-hits-apple/d/d-id/1067695? http://www.climatecounts.org/scorecard_score.php?co=7

Tax practices
Apple created subsidiaries in low-tax places suh as the Republic of Ireland, Luxemberg and the British Virgin Islands to cut the amount of tax it pays around the world. Apple was amoung the first technology based companies to introduce overseas salespeople in high tax companies in a manner that allowed the comapny to sell on behalf of low tax subsidiaries on other continents around the world, this resulted in sidestepping income taxes. By routing profits through its Irish subsidiaries and the Netherlands and then onto the Caribbean it was able to reduce its taxes it paid on these profits..
In 2012 the Conservatice party published research which showed that some multinational companies, including Apple, were making billions of pounds of profit in the UK, but were only paying the UK Treasury a tax rate of only 3%, which is a lot below the standard rate of corporation tax. After the research was published there were calls for the Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne to force these multinationals to state the rate of tax they pay on their UK revenues, and that the government should withhold future contracts with these multinationals who do not pay their fair share of tax in the UK. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/tax/9652516/Foreign-firms-could-owe-UK-11bn-in-unpaid-taxes.html
A European Commissioner for Competition also launched an investigation of apples tax practices in Ireland in 2014. This was part of a probe into multinational companies tax arrangments in Europe. http://www.europesun.com/index.php/sid/222816605/scat/baf10b3527f6df38/ht/European-Commission-to-probe-tax-affairs-of-Apple-Starbucks-and-Fiat Marketing

Political involvment

Community involvement

Boycotts and consumer protests

Supply chain managment

Apple has endured numerous complaints reguarding its record on corporate social responsibility. In terms of Milton Friedmans free market philosophy Apple fulills the minimal legal and social norms of its environment. Apple employs reasonable measures to ensure that it does so, and when Apple finds a violation its takes the nesecary corrective action.
It would be easy to argue that in terms of its American stakeholders, Apple could produce and source their products primarily in developed nations, like America. You only have to walk into an Apple store when a new product is released to see how inelastic the demand for their products is and has created a very large cash surplus for Apple which indicates a healthy markup on the products they sell. This would show that Apple would still be a successful company, as opposed to now being an extremely successful company, were it to produce its goods in countries with much better labour and environmental standards.
Even though Apple does take some steps to remedy any human rights violations, it is still operating in China, in the knowledge that the breaking of decent employment standards is a regular thing. The only way for Apple to go beyound and ensure that such human rights violations do not occur is for them to implement western style regulation or to avoid doing business in China altogether. This would inevitably increase costs of production which would likely be passed onto its consumers at the end of the day.

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