Talles Cypreste
Busn Research Methods Section 4 11:30 class
Q1) A Washington Post article reported on a study about alcohol consumption and cancer in women. Since 1996, a team of British researchers has been gathering detailed information from 1.28 million aged 50-64. The researchers recorded how much alcohol them women reported consuming when they volunteered for the study and again three years later. The researchers then examined whether there was any link with the 68,775 cancers the women developed over an average of the next seven years. They found that even among women who consumed as little as 10 grams of alcohol a day on average (the equivalent of about one drink), the risk of cancer of the breast, liver and rectum was elevated. a) Is this an experiment? Explain your answer.
b) We would prefer a sample survey to using women who volunteer for a study. What population does it appear that the researchers were interested in? What variables did they measure?
A) The research is not considered an experiment. It is more likely to be considered an observation perhaps or an observational study. The sample is women who have already been drinking and been suffering from cancer
B) The variable that were measured was the ratio of women getting more sever cancer because of the alcohol to the ones who weren’t getting it as sever
Q2) What is the best way to answer each of the questions below: an experiment, a sample survey, or an observational study that is not a sample survey? Explain your choices:
a) Is your school’s basketball team called for fewer fouls in home games than in away games?
Observational study because you would simple just set up games and observe the outcome of foul calling in each game
b) Are college students satisfied with the quality of recreational facilities available to them?
Sample survey because you would round up a certain number of the population of college students and create a survey to see that percent of students actually are satisfied or not
c) Do college students who have access to audio recordings of course lectures perform better in the course than those who don’t?
Experiment because you would have to set up two different groups. The group with the audio books and the group without and you would have to let them go through the process of taking classes and recording their grades..

Q3) The data set below describes the fuel economy (in miles per gallon) of 2011 model motor vehicles: a) What are the individuals of the data set?
The individuals would have to be the cars themselves or the vehicles
b) For each individual, what variables are given? Which of these variables take numerical values?
The variables would be vehicle type, transmission type, number of cylinders , city MPG , and highway MPG. Cylinders, and MPG would have the numerical values as the variables
You wish to study a condition that you have observed: “Some workers seem to be much more diligent than others.”
a) Propose at least three concepts that you might use in such a study.
Work ethic of the employees, the rewards and punishments for good work/bad work, whether employees like their job or not
b) Give three hypotheses, which could be tested for a study like this.
Some hypothesis can be That some workers are extremely hard working , Some workers get more work done. And of course some workers are more diligent than others is a hypothesis
c) What difficulties or limitations do you think you might face in testing each of the above hypotheses?
What population of workers to use for our sample, and which workers to use exactly. The work place environment/ type of job (physical labor or offices) and how many people we should take from each workplace

Q5) The congressional campaigns are in full swing, and the candidates have hired polling organizations to take regular polls to find out what the voters think about the issues. What information should the pollsters be required to give out?
a) What does the standard of informed consent, as discussed in this chapter, require the pollsters to tell potential respondents?
b) The standards accepted by polling organizations also require giving respondents the name and address of the organization that carries out the poll. Why do you think this is required?
To allow the people to be confident that their information isn’t being used for a cause that is not the one that they took the poll for. And to be truly confident in the legitimacy of the info that the organization is putting out and if they are an actual organization period
c) The polling organization usually has a professional name such as “Samples Incorporated”, so respondents don’t know that the poll is being paid for by a political party or candidate. Would revealing the sponsor to respondent bias the poll? Should the sponsor always be announced whenever poll results are made public?
I believe that yes allowing the names of the parties to be announced would create a bias, because hearing a name you don’t like, or hearing a name that others have tainted or maybe even given false or other biased info about could change someone’s mind and possibly bias the vote, hoever they should be announced one the poll is over just to allow the people to know completely what their info was used for.