...INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURED CABLING Compiled by Sonam Dukda Division of Information Technology Ministry of Communication September 2000 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 2 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 4 NETWORKING ............................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 5 2.2 Choice of Software and Hardware........................................................................................... 5 3 NETWORKING TRENDS ............................................................................................................. 6 4 STANDARDS................................................................................................................................. 6 4.1 International Standards ............................................................................................................ 6 4.2 Industry Standards. .................................................................................................................. 6 4.3 Structured Cabling standards................................................................................................... 6 4.4 Highlights of the EIA/TIA-568A standards.................................................
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...What industry standards body and standards series numbers do you need to reference for Ethernet applications and cabling? a. The Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard, known as ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-C. b. The IEEE maintains the industry standards for Ethernet protocols, which is part of the 802.3 series of standards. There is an increased need for speed these days and network technology designers are planning to support data rates of up to 100Gbps. 2. What are the different types of Category 6 cable and what should be recommended for this network? a. 10Gbps @ 100 Meters – There are two types of Category 6 cable, regular Category 6, and Category 6A (or Augmented Category 6). It would be my recommendation to use 6A or Category 7. Since we have to support 10Gbps over a maximum of 100 meters, I would recommend using Category 6A, or Category 7 cabling. 3. What cable would you recommend to offer the best shielding performance? a. Full of stray EMI, UTP not an option, and customer wants to ensure capability to operate at 10GBase-T. i. I could recommend a Screened Twisted-Pair Cable or Screened Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable. 4. What type of cable would you use for a. Horizontal Spaces – Plenum cables. Solid Conductor Wire. b. Vertical Spaces – You should use riser-rated cabling in vertical spaces or where flexibility is important. Stranded-conductor wire. 5. What would you look for in trying to find fault if you had the following failures: a. NEXT and FEXT...
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...The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) maintains the industry standards for Ethernet protocols. The 802.3 series includes Ethernet applications and cabling. The different types of category 6 cable includes CAT6, CAT6A, and CAT6E, although 6E is not an industry recognized standard. I would recommend CAT6A for the possible 10GBASE-T upgrade in the future because it has improved alien crosstalk characteristics when compared to regular CAT6. Unless you decided to go with fiber, you should use STP CAT 6a or CAT7 for a 10gbase-t network, although there were quite a few articles online arguing that shielded cable is unnecessary after going to cat6a or 7 due to higher frequencies that these cable can utilize. The horizontal spaces should use fire retardant plenum cable since it is also used for HVAC. While it might also be prudent to use fire retardant riser cabling for the vertical shafts as well, however if fire stops are placed in the risers you could get away with using regular UTP as well in some places if cost was an issue. The NEXT and FEXT problems could have something to do with having a cable with too many twists, with NEXT the problem would be at the end of the cable where the signal originates, and with FEXT it would be at the opposite end. As the signal rate increases alien crosstalk become more and more of an issue. If it is too much of an issue your best bet might be to upgrade to...
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...COPPER VS. FIBER PAPER Greater bandwidth,Low attenuation and greater distance, SecurityImmunity and reliability, Design, Migration, Standards, Cost | DISTANCE | BANDWIDTH | Copper | 2.5 km | 1.5 Mb/s | 24 | Fiber | 200 KM | 2.5+ Gb/s | 32,000 + | The copper phone wire has very limited bandwidth Fiber links offer over 1,000 times as much bandwidth over distances over 100 times further. Fiber is not that easy to install either. Pulling the cable is easy - in fact it can be pulled at 8 times the pulling tension of Cat 5 and the typical cables used include strength members and stiffeners that make it hard to kink and damage. Fiber, by the way, is a lot stronger than steel - remember they don't reinforce fiber glass boats, airplanes, or even tires now with steel - they use glass fiber or aramid fibers, the strength members used in fiber optic cable. Terminating fiber optic cable is not as simple as copper. While manufacturers have developed crimp-on connectors, they are expensive, high loss and have not been very reliable. Fiber optic connectors need adhesives for reliability and low cost. And most installation involves stripping fibers, injecting adhesives and polishing the ends. No IDC (insulation displacement connectors) here. Any good installer can learn how to terminate fiber in less than 2 hours. Fiber does not have infinite bandwidth either! At least not the multimode fiber used in most premises networks. It's a lot higher than copper, but as you...
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...IEM & CEM Interférences Electro Magnétiques Compatibilité Electro Magnétique Terre, Réseau de Masse Conséquences sur les systèmes de câblage Publication de Tyco Electronics Introduction La sécurité physique des transmissions informatiques aux travers des systèmes de câblage est fortement liée à une bonne immunité par rapport à tous types de perturbations électriques. En effet, en raison du nombre croissant de dispositifs électroniques environnant, chaque propriétaire de bâtiment devra être en conformité avec les règlements et lois qui existent dans ce domaine. Depuis 1996, la directive CEM a été éditée pour souligner l'importance de ce sujet. Chaque pays a sa réglementation locale en Europe et il est donc difficile de donner un conseil général. C’est pourquoi, la norme européenne EN50174-2 a été créée en ce sens. La Terre, la mise à la terre et le réseau de masse électrique sont des parties essentielles qui doivent être étudiées dans tous les nouveaux bâtiments et des équipements de transmission. En pratique, l’installateur du système de câblage informatique doit s’assurer du respect des règles de masse alors que ces travaux sont souvent réalisés par un autre installateur électricien. Mais à la fin, tous les systèmes doivent fonctionner ensemble et dans le respect de la CEM. Le Maître d’œuvre a la responsabilité d’une bonne coordination dans ce domaine. Enfin, l’évolution des réseaux informatiques allant jusqu’à 10 gigabit/s, et qui sont extrêmement sensibles...
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...Notes What is the speed of light- 186000miles a second or 700 million miles an hours?How fast dose sound travel.-340mdHow fast dose sound travel in water -33502mph | Cabling Notes 6/20/12 Name three rules of Data cabling 1. Networks never get smaller or less complicated. 2. Don’t scrimp on installation cost. Quality components and cable must be installed, No poor workmanship allowed. 3. Plan for higher –speeds technologies than are commonly available today. Just because 1000Base-TEthernet seems unnecessary today doesn’t mean in five years you will need to use it. The cost of poor cabling – The cost that results from poorly planned and poorly implemented cabling systems can be staggering. Robert Metcalfe (Inventor of the Ethernet, founder of 3Com, columnist for InfoWorld, and industry pundit). Drop-rate magnification-The high degree of network problems caused by dropping a few packets. Note: a single dropped packet may cause an entire stream of packets to be retransmitted. ANSI-(American National Standards.) Application- a program on a computer. A system, the transmission method of which is supported by telecommunications cabling, such as 100Base-TX Ethernet, or digital voice. Digital- on the other hand is breaking the signal into a binary format where the audio or video data is represented by a series of "1"s and "0"s. Simple enough when it's the device—analog or digital phone, fax, modem, or likewise—that does all the converting for...
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...Chapter 2: Cabling Specifications and Standards The Bottom Line Chapter 2: Cabling Specifications and Standards The Bottom Line Identify the key elements of the ANSI/TIA-568-C Commercial Building Master It 1. Which subsection of the ANSI/TIA-568-C standard would you reference for UTP cabling performance parameters? Answer: TIA-568-C.2 2. Which subsection of ANSI/TIA-568-C standard would you reference for optical fiber cabling and component performance parameters? Answer: TIA-568-C.3 3. What is the recommended multimode fiber type per the ANSI/TIA-568-C.1 standard for backbone cabling? Answer: 850nm (laser optimized) 50/125 micron multimode fiber 4. Which is typically a more expensive total optical fiber system solution; single-mode or multimode? Answer: Single-mode 5. The ANSI/TIA-568-C.1 standard breaks structured cabling into six areas. What are these areas? Answer: (1) horizontal cabling (2) backbone cabling (3) work area (4) telecommunications rooms and enclosures (5) equipment rooms (6) entrance facility Identify other ANSI/TIA/EIA standards required to properly design the pathways and spaces and grounding of a cabling system. Master It: Which other TIA standards need to be followed for: 1. Pathways and spaces? Answer: ANSI/TIA-569-B 2. Grounding and bonding? Answer: J-STD-607-A 3. Data Centers? ...
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...Physical Networking Unit 2 Assignment 1. The American National Standards Institute is a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States. The organization also coordinates U.S. standards with international standards so that American products can be used worldwide. For example, standards ensure that people who own cameras can find the film they need for that camera anywhere around the globe. ANSI accredits standards that are developed by representatives of standards developing organizations, government agencies, consumer groups, companies, and others. These standards ensure that the characteristics and performance of products are consistent, that people use the same definitions and terms, and that products are tested the same way. ANSI also accredits organizations that carry out product or personnel certification in accordance with requirements defined in international standards. 2. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE, read I-Triple-E) is a non-profit professional association headquartered in New York City that is dedicated to advancing technological innovation and excellence. It has more than 400,000 members in more than 160 countries, about 51.4% of whom reside in the United States. IEEE is one of the leading standards-making organizations in the world. IEEE performs its standards making and maintaining functions through the...
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...the members interested in developing a particular standard. b) ANSI standards include, SCSI interface specifications, programming language specifications, and specifications for character sets. c) ANSI helped to coordinate the efforts of the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) and the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) to develop ANSI/TIA/EIA-568, the cabling specification in the United States. 2) Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) d) The Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) was originally known as the Radio Manufacturers Association. Since then, the EIA has evolved into an organization that represents a wide variety of electronics manufacturers. e) The EIA is organized along specific product and market lines that allow each EIA sector to be responsive to its specific needs. These sectors include components, consumer electronics, electronic information, industrial electronics, government, and telecommunications. f) The EIA (along with the TIA) was the driving force behind the original ANSI/TIA/EIA-568 Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard. 3) Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) g) The Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) is a trade organization that consists of a membership of over 1,100 telecommunications and electronics companies. The TIA membership manufactures and distributes virtually all the telecommunication products used in the world today. h) TIA’s mission is...
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...Fritz Dorcelus _ Physical Networking Cable Structure Week 3 assignment 1-What are the most common cables used today? Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP), shielded or screened twisted-pair (STP or ScTP), coaxial, and fiber-optic (FO) 2. Simply installing STP cabling does not guarantee that you will improve a cable’s immunity EMI or reduce the emissions from the cable. What are several critical conditions must be satisfied to achieve good shield performance? * The shield must be electrically continuous along the whole link. * All components in the link must be shielded. No UTP patch cords can be used. * The shield must fully enclose the pair, and the overall shield must fully enclose the core. Any gap in the shield covering is a source of EMI leakage. * The shield must be grounded at both ends of the link, and the building grounding system must conform to grounding standards (such as J-STD-607-A). 3. What are the distinct advantages of fiber optic? • Transmission distances are much greater than with copper cable. • Bandwidth is dramatically higher than with copper. • Fiber optic is not susceptible to outside EMI or crosstalk interference, nor does it generate EMI or crosstalk. • Fiber-optic cable is much more secure than copper cable because it is extremely difficult to monitor, “eavesdrop on,” or tap a fiber cable. 4. Cable bandwidth is a function of three interrelated, major elements. What are these major elements? Distance, Frequency, and Signal-level-to-noise-level...
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... shorts in networking hardware, systems that run too hot and placed in tight areas with no ventilation just some examples. Some aspects of proper design are having a detailed plan of how the installation will proceed, you should know the scope of the project, and i.e.…how many cable runs you have what connections need to be made. Your design should also be made available to all people involved with the installation. As well as contain a blueprint of how the cables will be installed. Tools that will be useful in your installation will be, Wire cutters, crimpers, pen and paper, fish tape, pull string, two way radio, labeling materials, punch down tool, toning tools, basic hand tools. I know I have used off the book tools to install cabling. One of the tools I used and it actually stays in the wall is a small plastic funnel. It actually keeps the cable from bending when not going through the back side of the wall. When you cut your spot out where you’re placing your connection box place a small funnel with the cone side in and pull the cable through that actually allows the cable to make a gentle right or left turn rather than...
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...Chapter 2 NT1230 10/3/2014 1. When was the first major standard describing a structured cabling system released? c. 1995 2. What doe EIA and TIA stand for? i. EIA – Electronics Industries Alliance ii. TIA – Telecommunications Industry Association 3. What are the three parts of the EIA/TIA 568-B standard? i. EIA/TIA-568-B.1: Commercial Cabling Standard, Master Document ii. EIA/TIA-568-B.2: Twisted-pair Media iii. EIA/TIA-568-B.3: Optical Fiber Cabling Standard 4. Identify the six subsystems of a structured cabling system. i. Building Entrance (Also called (EF) Entrance Facilities) ii. Equipment Room (ER) iii. Telecommunications Closet (Also called (TR) Telecommunications Room or (TE) Telecommunications Enclosure) iv. Backbone Cabling v. Horizontal Cabling vi. Work Area 5. Which subsystem does permanent networking cabling within a building belong to? i. Backbone Cabling 6. What is a cross-connect? i. Cross-connect – A space where you are going to take one or multiple cables and connect them to one or more cables or equipment. 7. What is the main cross-connect? i. Main Cross-Connect (MC) – Usually connects two or more buildings and is typically the central telecommunications connection point for a campus or building. It is also called the Main Distribution Frame (MDF) or Main Equipment Room. The MC connects to telco, an ISP, and so...
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...1. Application: Application is the term used within the Information Technology industry to reference software. The software can be for the end user which is known as the application software or it can be a Systems application software. 2. Unshielded twisted-pair: UTP, is also known as Category 5, and or Category 6. Consisting of 2 twisted pair of copper wire. UTP is the main type of cable used in LAN topography. 3. Shielded Twisted-Pair: Is similar to UTP, the main difference is that it is has an additional layer of shielding, this shield helps in preventing EMI, and other interference. STP is great application when a cable is being applied near power lines, metal pipes and is not in protected by plenum or conduit. 4. Fiber Optic Cable: Is a great long distance cable. There is Single mode, in which laser is transmitted and there is multimode, in which LED is transmitted. Both fiber cables are use to cover great distances up to allow data to traverse the fiber optic cable near the speed of light. 5. Dark Fiber is fiber optic cable is this idle and is not currently being used. 6. Coaxial Cable is an older cable that has a grounding copper core that is surrounded by a plastic protective insulating sheath, and then a protective grounding shield, and then there is the black outer protective plastic covering. 7. Plenum is a space or area that is intentional provided to allow for cables, pipes, tubing and other various plumbing. This space is typically...
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...Project Description Contractor Requirements: The contractor has obtained all licensing required to comply with all codes local and state as well as federal for the job proposed. The contractor has also proved that they are a licensed and authorized reseller of the networking and infrastructure components quoted throughout this agreement and can show proof thereof. The work will be supervised by a Registered Communications Distribution Designer (RCDD) during all phases of the installation. An RCDD must be onsite and available to technicians and installers any time the work is being performed. The purpose of this RFP is to provide a functional specification for the comprehensive technology network system. This includes the required network cabling, termination points/boxes and necessary network devices. Mating sleeves, bare fiber adapters and optical attenuators are a few things that are needed specifically for fiber installation. In addition, the purpose would also include the proper details and criteria for the successful design of the network system. The contractor shall provide all of the necessary cables, network equipment and components necessary to construct the network system. This includes all raw materials such as cable, wall plates, outlet boxes, and such terminating modules and components as necessary to complete the job as contracted. Devices like test kits, power meters, fault locators, and connector adapters are all pre purchased and is property of the installing...
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...Unit 1 There are two standards for IP addresses: IP Version 4 (IPv4) and IP Version 6 (IPv6). All computers with IP addresses have an IPv4 address, and many are starting to use the new IPv6 address system as well. Here's what these two address types mean: •IPv4 uses 32 binary bits to create a single unique address on the network. An IPv4 address is expressed by four numbers separated by dots. Each number is the decimal (base-10) representation for an eight-digit binary (base-2) number, also called an octet. For example: 216.27.61.137 •IPv6 uses 128 binary bits to create a single unique address on the network. An IPv6 address is expressed by eight groups of hexadecimal (base-16) numbers separated by colons, as in 2001:cdba:0000:0000:0000:0000:3257:9652. Groups of numbers that contain all zeros are often omitted to save space, leaving a colon separator to mark the gap (as in 2001:cdba::3257:9652). At the dawn of IPv4 addressing, the Internet was not the large commercial sensation it is today, and most networks were private and closed off from other networks around the world. When the Internet exploded, having only 32 bits to identify a unique Internet address caused people to panic that we'd run out of IP addresses. Under IPv4, there are 232 possible combinations, which offers just under 4.3 billion unique addresses. IPv6 raised that to a panic-relieving 2128 possible addresses. Later, we'll take a closer look at how to understand your computer's IPv4 or IPv6 addresses. ...
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