...History and Use of Human Cadavers Ryne Diamond Grand Canyon University For the past two-hundred years, dissection of the human cadaver has been the gold standard for teaching aspiring medical professionals the networking and layout of the human body. Surprisingly, cadaver usage has had a rather curious history. The use of a human cadaver dates back to 300 B.C. with the Greek physician and father of anatomy, Herophilos, who is noted as being the first person to dissect a human cadaver (Korf & Wicht, 2004). Herophilos’ anatomical discoveries were no small matter. Because of his dissections, we know that the brain is center of the nervous system and where its ventricles lie. We also know where the route taken by sinuses of the dura matter. Thanks to Herophilos, nerves are able to be distinguished from both tendons and blood vessels, as well as separated into motor or sensory. With his dissection of cadavers, we were given meticulous accounts of the different layers and sections of the eye, pancreas, liver, genitals, and stomach (Herophilus, 2013). Sadly, it seemed as if cadaver dissection died with Herophilos in 280 B.C. However, if we fast-forward to the 17th and 18th centuries, we will see a small resurgence of cadavers when certain theaters saw fit to put them on display (Korf & Wicht, 2004). Macabre, or ingenious artists (depending on how one views the situation) such as Michaelangelo and da Vinci, were known to have dissected cadavers to better portray their...
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...Reality vs. Virtual Throughout the process of dissecting an actual cadaver, there are experiences that can’t be described or expressed in any other fashion. The human brain -solely out of the fact that this is a former living animal- experiences things that obviously neither a computer nor any other kind of technology could ever replicate. On the other hand virtual labs can save the school overall money and allow students to learn about animals without harming any actual animals. There are both positives and negatives to both dissection options, and considering one better than the other can be questionable. First, programs of virtual dissection vary greatly. There are dissections such as step-by-step pictures and descriptions of an actual dissection or digitally created dissection programs that give you three-dimensional views of the animal and show clearly ad in great detail, exactly what that part of the body is, and what it does. An upper hand that virtual dissection does have is that the virtual version can actually display how the animal’s body works while the animal is still alive. In an actual dissection you will not be able to see the animal’s body while it is functioning. Another upper hand is that virtual programs can be easily repeated and explained by instructor if needed. Yet, compared to seeing the actual cat and performing on the actual body will give the student a familiarity that you would not get unless you actually dissected an animal. Second, it is obvious...
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...Wayne Fleming Goodnight 1-A DISSECTION: What is dissection? For some the procedure has solved some of the mysteries of life, for others it was simply mysterious and cruel. But by definition, dissection is the observing or cutting into a dead animal for the purposes of learning anatomy or physiology. In other words,Myth vs. Reality. There are also many other questions that students and others may have about dissection. There are many arguments as to whether it is necessary for the student's education or inhumane. Therefore, this act should stop completely. Through my research I have found that it is both necessary for learning and it can be inhumane. At which, another choice or alternative should always be available for the student who is not willing to dissect and at no expense to their grade.Many advances in medicine and in the understanding of how organisms function have been the direct result of animal dissection. Aristotle who revealed anatomical differences amoung animals by dissecting them performed some of the earliest recorded studies involving animals. In the United States dissections were common in colleges as early as the late 1800s. Myth vs. Reality Nevertheless, rebellion has been growing in the science laboratories of the nation's schools as a growing number of students refuse to dissect.Dissection is a way of separating or dividing into parts or pieces. Dissection is being called the way of discovery in understanding human anatomy, know and form, and human...
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...RITOS FUNERARIOS DE LA ANTIGUA GRECIA La muerte para los griegos era muy importante ya que si se le negaba sepultura a un cadáver era como si se lo condenara a vagar al alma del difunto .Era sumamente importante que un griego fuera enterrado o incinerado en su patria. Ritual funerario La familia se encargaba de preparar y amortajar al difunto sometiéndolo a un baño de agua y otro de aceite aromático. Se envolvía al difunto en un sudario dejando el rostro al descubierto y se le ponía algunas alhajas. Lo más significativo y lo que ha pasado a la historia como leyenda tradicional es la moneda que ponían en la boca del fallecido. Este óbolo era de poco valor económico, pero de mucho valor simbólico. La moneda serviría para pagar a Caronte, que según la mitología griega era el barquero que transportaría el alma del difunto hasta su destino final, el Hades. Una vez el cuerpo estaba listo, se lo velaba. El requisito para este ritual era que los pies del difunto señalaran a la puerta y la cabeza se cubriera con flores. El cadáver era visitado por amigos y conocidos del difunto, aunque las visitas femeninas estaban sólo reservadas para las más allegadas. Después de tres días de velatorio, el fallecido estaba listo para recibir sepultura o cremación. Salía de la casa antes de amanecer y se efectuaba una procesión por las calles menos transitadas. El difunto era conducido en un carro o en hombros hasta fuera de la ciudad, pasadas las murallas, y era sepultado o cremado (la incineración...
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...Rose of Death The short story “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner has many themes and symbolism. Miss Emily Grierson, The main character, is a strange lady. She is very withdrawn from society and definitely shows signs of mental illness even though the town seems to deny it. The fact that Miss Emily had a mental illness that was brought on by her seclusion from society and her neediness for a father figure may be why she never left the house and tried to keep her father’s body with her. I believe that Miss Emily may have murdered Homer because he was not the “marrying kind” and it was too much for her disordered mind to take. In this essay I will show the theme of the death and dust that hangs and surrounds Emily, Her character having a mental illness and The surrounding questions to Homer’s disappearance. Emily lets death hang over her. She pretends to deny death itself. She has a strange affiliation with the dead bodies of the men she loved. She shows this Necrophilia behavior when her father died, “She told them that her father was not dead. She did that for three days, with the ministers calling on her, and doctors, trying to persuade her to let them dispose of the body (289).” She gave up her father’s body after the community kept pestering her to let them dispose of it properly. She let them but didn’t want them to. The dust also hangs over in this short story. With it in Miss Emily’s house it’s like a protective seal from outside barriers and keeps things in a state...
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...So Much Water So Close To Home I couldn’t find my book, so I read it on the internet All human beings have needs. The most basic ones are the natural, physical conditions required to stay alive. However there are other needs that are just as important to make the human mind work properly. Love and care are concepts deeply essential to the life of any person. If these psychological needs are not fulfilled throughout a persons lifetime it can result in different sorts of mental distortions. The short story “So Much Water So Close To Home” is written by the American minimalist Raymond Carver and was first published in 1974. The action takes place in the town of Pasco and by the Naches River in the western state of Washington. Clair and Stuart are living together in a steady seeming marriage. Their life together with their son Dean passes regularly until Stuart and his three friends during their yearly fishing trip to the Naches River find the dead body of a young girl in the river. The conflict that arises takes their relationship out on a side track and reveals that their mutual communication is not sufficient to cope with anything out of the ordinary. Stuart is introvert, does not want to talk about the dead girl and avoids Clair’s attempts to make contact: “He chews, arms on the table, and stares at something across the room. He looks at me and looks away.” (p. 1 lines 2-3). When the men found the girl floating in the river they did nothing for the first couple...
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...A Rose for Emily Movie Review SETTING Intrinsic to the development of both character and conflict, the setting of "A Rose for Emily" is Jefferson, the county seat of Faulkner's fictional kingdom that he named Yoknapatawpha county, a county in which Colonel Sartoris is an important figure. The emancipation of slaves after the Civil War, the South was inundated by Northern opportunists, known as carpetbaggers. Against the Northerners who had no code of conduct, the newly-poor plantation owners retained their aristocratic arrogance. And, the code of chivalry of such men as Emily Grierson's father protected the women against encounters with men such as Homer Barron. This code of chivalry keeps Colonel Sartoris from taxing the poor spinster and Judge Stevens from confronting Emily about the smell emanating from her house. However, the new generations of the South are removed from these antiquated ways, and it is this conflict between twentieth century and antebellum ways that is presented in Emily's character. CHARACTERS EMILY GRIERSON - A eccentric recluse, Emily is a mysterious figure who changes from a vibrant and hopeful young girl to a cloistered and secretive old woman. Devastated and alone after her father’s death, she is an object of pity for the townspeople. After a life of having potential suitors rejected by her father, she spends time after his death with a newcomer, Homer Barron. She ultimately poisons Homer and seals his corpse into an upstairs room. HOMER...
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...The Flowers “Growing up is losing some illusions, in order to acquire others” This was once said by Virginia Woolf. As a child you grow up having your own idea of what life is - one can even say that you live in an illusion. The child have no experiences to build his/hers world view on. When the child then grows up she is learning how the world actually works and the illusions shatters. This is a theme in the short story “The Flowers” (1976) from the collection titled “In Love and Trouble: Stories of Black Women” by Alice Walken. Based on what I know about Alice Walken and her work, I assume Myop is a young girl from a dark colored family in the south, which world limits to the wood behind her family’s house. In the beginning of the story Myop is a happy child with a child’s innocence and illusions. The atmosphere in the beginning is also very calm and peaceful. All these changes when Myop steps on a dead body in the wood. “.. and she reached down quickly, unafraid, to free herself” (p. 107 l. 33) As you see in this quote Myop is not afraid of the situation, but looks at it with a child’s eyes of interest, and trying to make her own experiences. She doesn’t know yet that she has to be afraid. The calmness is then broken and the sentiment changes. Something is wrong and when Myop wants to go back to the peacefulness of the morning, she can’t. The calmness she knows and is pursuing is gone, as Myop has left her childhood. The point of no return would be when Myop steps upon the...
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...I . Introduction A. Attention Device : how do you think that people can make the corpse to become uncorrupted ?! just only use a simple tools like maybe salt, oils or anything else?! It must be so incredible that people who live in 3000BC can make such that things. B. Topic Disclosure : Tonight I will tell you about the dead corpse or we known it as Mummy. C. Significance : When 3000BC or likely 3th century BC, Human being know how to make a mummification with a simple way without using a technology or lot of chemical things. not only Egyptian know how to do it. Some people around the world know how to do that. Like China. D. Review : first, I’ll tell you the meaning of mummy and where the word of mummy come from. Then, I’ll explain to you how to keep the body shape of mummy. After that the process of mummification and also the type of mummification. And the last I’ll show you some picture of mummy around the world. II . Body A. Let’s begin by discussing what is mummy. 1. The Mummy word is come from medival latin. It is mumia 2. A dried dead body but still have a body shape. Then it will remain a husk of person who looks like in life. B. There are some way how to still keep the body shape 1. Make the body dried first. 2. Embalmed with a chemical to avoid the bacteria C. Now I’ll inform you how to dried the dead body of Mummy and where it was preserved 1. There are three natural ways to dried the mummy 2. Sometimes...
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...THE MAGUINDANAO MASSACRE VICTIMS REVEALED. “By the sweat of your brow you will eat your food until you return to the ground, since from it you were taken; for dust you are and to dust you will return.” - Genesis 3:19 November 24, 2009, in one of the mountainous region in the province of maguindanao, an investigating and excavation team was formed and for the first time, tried to break up earth to uncover one of the most revolting slaughters of human life. The weather was undoubtedly fair that day as if everything was placed together to reveal the authenticity of a hideous massacre which the perpetrators tried to conceal. The location was truly remote, far from inhabitants - a strategic spot to craft a sickening killing spree. Up on the crime scene where authorities pool around the area, a big machine called a backhoe, painted with words whose administration belongs to the governor – Andal S. Ampatuan Sr.-and without an operator was parked just above a soft ground of earth. The ground to which it was parked was uneven, its position and the surrounding to which it stands was trying to suggest that whatever work to be done in that place remains to be unfinished. Just beside the backhoe were four unevenly parked automobiles, some windows holed with a bullet and all doors of the vehicles were left open. Upon a closer inspection, there lay several lifeless human bodies, flat on the ground and blood drenched. Their face almost unrecognizable, bullets fired on several parts...
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...Issues- Scientists view bodies that have been donated to science as a burden. Some scientists have no idea of what to do with the cadaver according to this author. After a person donates their body, they expect for their body to be used for medical research. However, there are instances in which the body is used for other experiments such as exhibits which people might not feel very comfortable with. Targets- The main targets of this satire are scientists, deceased bodies, doctors, hospitals, anatomical laboratories. Satirist’s point of view/stance- The author believes that when people donate their bodies to anatomical laboratories, they don’t do anything to the bodies. In the satire, the author states, “‘Honestly, we’re using this specimen...
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...Families are comforted by the idea that religion suggests donating their loved ones body to higher learning institutions is a gift, an opportunity. Religion influences a lot individuals to donate. A recent survey was conducted including 481 participants including a variety of religions, 61% of which are Catholics, and 42 % are believers in other non-Catholic doctrines all in favor of cadaver donating because their religion suggested it (Rios, 2015). Families are all the more enforced that donating is good by what the past generations have started and the constant continuation of this act. Religion gives the cause more meaning; allowing for a new perspective on the same topic to be considered. The human body in some religions is described as...
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...body donations might pose, but I argue differently. Upon death, the cadaver is no longer the person once inhabiting the body. Experimenting or dissecting the cadaver for the betterment of mankind will not hurt them in any way and is not a sign of disrespect towards the person. If I did not qualify for organ donation, I personally would donate my body to science in order to better mankind, as my cadaver otherwise would have no purpose and as I do not perceive a cadaver as the person it once was. A dead, non-motile body has only a few options: rotting in the ground, lying uselessly in ashes in an urn, other methods of burial or...
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...observe. Although grave robbing was considered fair-to-middling, there were also major outbreaks of people who dissaproved. In fact people got so inraging they caused the New York Doctors Mob in 1788. The cause of the mod was when grave robbers on stole from black cemetaries but then started stealing from the whites as well. Shawn Utsey states in his documentary, "The majority of cadavers were african american- not because they were being targeted,...
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...Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy, Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body, Johannes W. Rohen’s Color Atlas of Anatomy: A Photographic Study of the Human Body and many more but those are a few of the most popular; yet none of them seem to be quite as extraordinarily done as Pernkopf’s. However, almost no one, save for a some specialists, uses it anymore and it has been out of print for the past twenty years. The reason for this is that Eduard Pernkopf was an ardent member of the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers' Party) or as they are most often referred to, the Nazi Party. Lately a controversy has sprung up concerning the propriety of using this atlas because, while the identities of the cadavers used for the paintings are unknown, it has been speculated that the bodies were those of victims murdered and tortured by the Nazis and possibly even victims of the Holocaust. The question is whether or not it is ethical to use such a book, knowing the likely possibility of whom the images were depicted after, because of the phenomenal work that it contains. Yes, it is indeed ethical because it is important to focus on the works of the man rather than the man behind the works. Pernkopf was very much an evil man, right in line with Hitler, but that does...
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