...and Caffeine on Dictyostelium discoideum By: Alyssa Marrero Group members: Megan and Tyler Introduction: In our experiment, we tested the effects of salt and caffeine on the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Dictyostelium discoideum is a cellular slime mold, which lives in warm and moist environments. It spends most its life cycle as feeding myxamoebae consuming bacteria on the forest floor. When Dictyostelium discoideum runs out of food, the myxamoebae aggregate and form a migratory pseudoplasmodium (or slug), which searches for a new environment in order to find food. When the slug finds its new environment it settles on its posterior end, forming the shape of a Mexican hat. The Mexican hat formation then culminates...
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...Introduction: The diet coke and Mentos experiment has been a favorite of amateur scientists, but how does it work? There have been debates, and scientists have concluded that the diet coke and Mentos is a physical reaction, called nucleation. Nucleation sites are areas that have high surface with low volume. Such places can be your fingerprint, scratches on glass, specks of dust, or even Mentos candy (Eepy Bird). Mentos candies have a pitted surface that’s rough when looked at through a microscope, therefore creating a wonderful place for nucleation to occur. Water molecules like to be next to other water molecules, so if you drop something into the soda, like Mentos, it acts as a site for growth of bubbles. Mentos have a high ratio of surface area to volume, so there’s more places for bubbles to go, creating the fountain of fizz (NewScientist). The goal of the experiment was to test different types of sodas and to see what type of soda reacted best with the Mentos to create the biggest fountain of fizz. Materials: • 2000 mL graduated cylinder • Mentos candy • Mentos candy dispenser • 2-Liter bottle of Mountain Dew Procedure: First, all of the materials were obtained. Five Mentos candies were dropped into the Mentos candy dispenser and the pin was put through the hole to secure the Mentos from falling out of the bottom of the dispenser. Then, the cap was unscrewed from the 2-Liter bottle of pop and the Mentos candy dispenser was screwed on...
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...This experiment is to show how the heart rate can be affected by the substances caffeine and ethanol,Daphnia (Daphnia magna) are prone to alcohol and caffeine intoxication and react quickly to both solutions, therefor the effect of both the depressant and stimulant on the heart rate can be seen through the translucent exoskeleton . (John K. Colbourne) Caffein (trimethylzanthine) is a psychoactive drug, it is found in large quantities in a array of different foods and drinks.It is a cardiac stimulant, this occurs by it being a anti catalyst to the enzyme cyclic phosphodiesterace (Neal J. 1999) which keeps the heart at a steady pace with the help of C.A.M.P (cyclic adenosine monoposphate) this is produced by the hormone epinephrine. Without cyclic phosphodiesterace the heart beat increases, this is because the C.A.M.P diffuses through cells and activates...
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...The goal of this experiment was to find the concentrations of caffeine in the energy drink purple rain. The research question for this experiment was, what is the concentrations of caffeine in purple drink? The hypothesis for this experiment was, the concentration of the caffeine in the purple rain will be.05 because it is the same concentration as the red 40. The data in the experiment supported the hypothesis, but was about .01 off. The concentrations of caffeine in the purple rain was found to be .041. This number was found by watering down a food dye that is found in the purple rain called red 40. Before doing this experiment its was found that the amount of caffeine in the purple rain was the same as the red 40. Also with the equipment...
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...Researchers reported that caffeine may be “one of the most effective anti-diabetic compounds in coffee.” This conclusion was reached after Fumihiko Horio and colleagues performed an experiment by controlling caffeine consumption in laboratory mice. By tracing the scientific method, it is possible to formulate an understanding of what observations were made by the researchers prior to the study, what sort of a hypothesis may have been formulated and tested, what the control and experimental groups were, what the dependent and independent variables are, and the final conclusions made in the experiment. An understanding of the scientific method can also reveal shortcomings in the experiment such as biases or faulty methodology. In the end, all of this bears relevance due to the inherent impact that the conclusions implied in the study may have in not only the scientific or...
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...Overall, I believe I was successful. I was able to refrain from caffeine for a much longer time than I thought I would have. I was also able to ignore the negative reactions I received and focus on the positives. On a less intense scale than a person who is addicted to drugs, I learned that the company and the support are imperative to being successful on the goals I set for myself. In regards to the biologically changes, I feel that I have better control over my sleeping habits. I sleep throughout the night and I am surprised that most days I do not need a nap throughout the day. I do not crave something hot as much as a used too. I eat breakfast more often and have stayed away from sweets. Since I would usually have a couple cups of caffeine...
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...Ann A., Velches, Manna Angelica F., Vicente, Calvin Jaron B. ABSTRACT Caffeine was extracted from coffee beans by multiple extraction technique. 5.0009 grams of coffee beans was boiled in a solution of 4.4 g. anhydrous sodium carbonate and 100ml distilled water and was extracted three times using 20 ml of dichloromethane. The residue was collected by decanting the mixture of organic extract and anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporating it to dryness. The percentage yield was computed by getting the ratio of the weight of the crude caffeine (residue) and weight of the coffee beans used. The percentage yield was 0.25%. I. INTRODUCTION Extractions are a way to separate a desired substance when it is mixed with others. The mixture is brought into contact with a solvent in which the substance of interest is soluble, but the other substances present are insoluble. There are two main types of extraction in chemistry namely: Liquid-liquid extraction (also known as Solvent extraction or Partitioning), which is further divided into two types (simple and multiple), and Solid-liquid extraction. The type of extraction used in this experiment was Multiple Liquid-liquid extraction. In this experiment, the group should be able to attain the following objectives: (1) extract caffeine from coffee beans (2) know the amount of caffeine present in 5.0009g of tea leaves, and (3) calculate the percentage yield of caffeine in 5.0009g of coffee beans. II. EXPERIMENTAL A.) Weight of specimen...
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...The Daphnia magna is a small crustacean that was used for the experiment. The purpose of this lab experiment was to determine how both caffeine and alcohol would affect the heart rate of a Daphnia magna. The results showed that when caffeine was added to the Daphnia magna, its heart rate increased faster than when alcohol was added. In this lab report, the steps are explained on how we conducted the experiment. Also, any errors that happened during the experiment will be analyzed more in detailed in this lab report. Introduction Daphnia magna is a little crustacean that is found living in ponds. It duplicates by sexual reproduction, varying with the creation of asexual offspring (Roulin, 2013). The Daphnia magna is a transparent crustacean...
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...Rise and Fall of Four Loko 1) Are these drinks as dangerous as the critics maintain? How much of the problem is due to the high levels of caffeine, how much is due to the labelling and marketing and how much is caused by irresponsible behaviour on the part of the young drinkers? Are companies like Joose and Four Loko being singled out for social problems that are much wider in scope, in particular, alcohol abuse by young people? These drinks have been proven to be as dangerous as claimed because they contain caffeine, which is a stimulant hence keep you awake, while being mixed with alcohol, which is a depressant that slows down the body and brain; together this ‘tricks’ the mind into thinking that you are awake and ready for more alcohol. The cases of New Jersey students being hospitalised due to “serious alcohol poisoning” proves the real potential risks of consuming this beverage. In the case study it states that the caffeine content was boosted from 54mg to 156mg and had 12 percent alcohol, and these figures may not appear to be very high but after multiple drinks in a short amount of time it adds up and most young people simply do not acknowledge or care about these numbers. Personally, I do not think that the under-aged or young people who drink are to blame because it is common for people growing up to be curious and to experiment with things like this, however, there needs to be more work done on the education and awareness of alcohol and the potential abuse of it. The...
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...increasing concentrations of stimulant and depressant drug. Hypothesis: If the concentration of caffeine pills and ethanol alcohol are increased then Daphnia magna heart rate will only increase in caffeine pills but not ethanol because caffeine pills are stimulant drug that boost mental and physical function in contrast alcohol is a depressant drug, which reduces the levels of arousal in the central nervous system (Ceida, n.d.). Independent Variables: 0%, 3%, 5% ethanol concentration. 0%, 3%, 5% caffeine pill concentration. Dependent Variable: heart rate of Daphnia magna/beats per minute (bpm). Constant Variables: Daphnia magna, caffeine pills, ethyl alcohol, 1 inch masking tape, 100ml volumetric flask, 100ml beakers, 10ml graduated cylinder, containers, light microscope, wash bottle, coffee filter, mortar and pestle, distilled water, and concavity slides. REVIEW OF LITERATURE: Caffeine and alcohol plays a vital role in every daily life of humanity, but which concentrations greatly affect the heart rate of Daphnia magna? So, what are Daphnia magna...
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...It is commonly known that caffeine, a nitrogenous organic compound generally found in coffee, tea, and cacao, has immense effects on the heart rate of living organisms. Similarly, it is known that those effects - such as a higher alertness, decreased fatigue, anxiety, jitteriness, etc. - are both pros and cons of caffeine consumption. While caffeine can have a slightly different effect depending on the organism that consumes it, the outcome of intake is primarily identical. Caffeine mimics some of the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the heart, and affects the main pumping chambers - known as ventricles - leading to an increase in the rate of contraction and relaxation of each heart beat. There have been many different discoveries...
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...16, 2014 | Instructions for the assignment are as follows. The grading rubric is attached. 1. Find and read a current event (at least 500 words; biology related) from a periodical. Print or copy it. (See resource section on Moodle for ideas.) 2. Write a 1 paragraph summary of the article (5+ sentences). 3. Using JSTOR, locate and read a scientific study on the same general topic as your current event. If you cannot find a study, change your current event. Print the study. 4. Write a 1 paragraph summary of the study (5+ sentences). 5. Identify all the relevant variables in the study. (IV, DV, and controlled) 6. Assess the strength of the procedure in the study. (Excellent, good, fair, or poor) Was this experiment well designed? Does the type of data collected match the question? (For example, if the question is about height of plants, but data collected is how many plants sprouted, then these do not match and the procedure is poorly designed.) (5+ sentences) 7. Does the conclusion match the data? Is there enough empirical (number) evidence to support the conclusion? Do you agree with the conclusions drawn? (5+ sentences) 8. Give a brief, 3 minute, presentation to the class on both the current event and the topic. A summary of your written findings will do. Be prepared for a 2 minute Q & A from myself and your classmates....
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...The effects on heart rate on a Daphnia Magna with varied substances William Piper WCCC/Spring 2015 Semester A&P 2 Dr. Sisak Introduction: The purpose of the experiment conducted was to test the effects of varied substances on the heart rate of a Daphnia Magna. A Daphnia Magna is a freshwater flea native to North America (Wikipedia, 2015). The substances used on the Daphnia were aspirin, nasal spray, Alka-Seltzer, coffee, and tea. Aspirin is a common pain reliever and fever reducer (Rx List, 2015). Pain increases heart rate; therefore, a pain reliever would inherently reduce the heart rate of an organism (Storella, 1998). Nasal spray works by constricting blood vessels in the nose to help reduce swelling and inflammation to...
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...experimental method of research to test the effects of caffeine on memory, one must first establish a hypothesis. For this experiment, the hypothesis would simply state; that if a person consumes 2 cups of a caffeinated beverage over the course of 3 hours then their recall of information, learned earlier that day, will be faster and more accurate on a short answer test. The independent variable in this experiment would be the caffeine as it is the factor that is being manipulated and examined to see if it has any effect on a participant’s memory. The dependent variable in this experiment would be memory or specifically the participant’s ability to recall information as it may change as a result of the manipulation of the independent variable of caffeine. To begin the experiment, participants will be randomly assigned to either the control group, the group not exposed to caffeine, or to the experimental group, the group exposed to caffeine. The control group will be given a placebo and the experimental group will be given the caffeinated beverage. The two groups will be given a short story to read and review for one hour at the beginning of the experiment. Over the course of the next hour, participants in the experimental group will be given 2 cups of a caffeinated beverage while participants in the control group will be given 2 cups of a non-caffeinated beverage. After the hour has elapsed, all the participants in the experiment will be given a short answer test on the information...
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...People in Asian countries more commonly consume green or oolong tea, while black tea is more popular in the United States and Europe. In fact, tea is second only to water in terms of global consumption. Green, black and oolong teas are all derived from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant. Originally cultivated in East Asia, this plant grows as large as a shrub or tree. Today, Camellia sinensis grows throughout Asia and in parts of the Middle East and Africa. Green tea is prepared from unfermented leaves, while the leaves of oolong tea are partially fermented, and black tea is fully fermented. The more the leaves are fermented, the lower the polyphenol content and the higher the caffeine content. Green tea has the highest polyphenol content while black tea has roughly two to three times the caffeine content of green tea. The healthy properties of green tea are largely attributed to polyphenols, chemicals with potent antioxidant properties. In fact, the antioxidant effects of polyphenols appear to be greater than that of vitamin C. Antioxidants are substances that scavenge free radicals – damaging compounds in the body that alter cells, tamper with DNA (genetic material) and even cause cell death. Free radicals occur naturally in the body, but environmental toxins (including ultraviolet rays from the sun, radiation, cigarette smoke and air pollution) also give rise to these damaging particles. Many scientists believe that free radicals contribute to the...
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