...on campuses. Hate can be directed towards everyone. Jews, Blacks and Latino cases, are the examples that the author mentions. As a reaction to this kind of incidents, some colleges are adapting hate-speech codes, they are also applying rules against those who interfere with the other students studies. Most of the times, the hate speech is anonymous. Because of this, rarely the victim has a chance to respond or defend. If the hate speech victims reply, it can go very bad for them. As Delgado says: “The victim talked back-and paid with his life.” (199). As the author explains, almost never hate speech is an invitation to talk; it is more like a slap in the face. Finally, the author argues that Federal Courts are fully aware of all these events happening recently on campuses, and are creating punishments against offenders. In my opinion, this is a truly realistic article. I do relate my thought with Delgado’s thought because I know that hate can be directed towards everyone. As a Jewish person, it is sad but true to said that some of the people that share the same religious beliefs that I do, have passed thru a lot of humiliations and even slaughter. I am glad to know that universities and colleges are adapting this hate speech codes, because in my opinion, a campus where hate speech and offenses are active, is not a healthy environment for students that are just there to learn. It is also very terrifying that if someone is being verbally attacked because of his/her beliefs, and...
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...Expression and Campus Speech Codes” Vs “Only Speech Codes Should Be Censored” Thesis: Both articles, “On Freedom of Expression and Campus Speech Codes” and “Only Speech Codes Should Be Censored” speak out against University speech codes and the need for free speech based on the purpose of the articles, the explanations for why speech codes exist, and the alternatives given in the place of speech codes. I. Introduction a. Describe what free speech is, and give a general importance of it. b. Thesis: Both articles, “On Freedom of Expression and Campus Speech Codes” and “Only Speech Codes Should Be Censored” speak out against University speech codes and the need for free speech based on the purpose of the articles, the explanations for why speech codes exist, and the alternatives given in the place of speech codes. II. Compare and Contrast both article’s main purpose. a. Both articles are against speech codes. b. Define the first amendment c. Describe the importance of free speech in institutions of higher learning d. Give examples from both articles, and how they feel that free speech is important. III. Compare and Contrast both article’s explanations for why speech codes exist. a. “On Freedom of Expression and Campus Speech Codes” believes that speech codes started with good intentions, but the institution cannot keep up. A. Give examples, and quotes. b. “Only Speech Codes Should Be Censored” believes that speech codes have an ulterior...
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...The limitation of free speech on college campuses Many people believe in freedom of speech. Freedom of speech usually exist in democratic countries including the United States of America. Furthermore, The U.S, also known as “Free country” have legalized the freedom of speech in every institution such as school, college, or church. There are many people including myself who are against freedom of speech in specific sectors such as school and college. On the other hand, the University of Missouri believe in the power of free speech even though in some cases it can be offensive. Why should free speech be limited on campuses? When should free speech be limited on campuses? Who should take responsibility of free speech on campuses? Erika Christakis, the the Yale Associate House Matter states, “Free speech and the ability to tolerate offense are the hallmarks of a free and open society” (“Campus adults: protect free speech” 1) and the authorities of the university of Missouri adopted that slogan. I believe that free speech should be limited in the university of Missouri in order to reduce the effects of creating an offensive, demeaning, intimidating, and hostile environment for other students on campus. First, I am against the total freedom of speech in the university of Missouri because it can create an offensive environment on campus. The offense can be directed against other students because of their race, color, religion, sex orientation, age, or disability. The recent events...
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...Free speech should be allowed on campus. Free speech is meant to be free and should not be limited to certain areas. Our first amendment rights tell us that we have free speech, along with some other freedoms, and that should mean free not limited to certain areas. The people on campus should have the right to say what they want and not fear getting in trouble for it. These people should have the same rights as if they were not on campus, but that does not seem like how it is. The schools are there to help the students and to teach them better and newer things in life. Colleges are not there to restrict your rights, they are there to help you learn and to help you get a career after you graduate. They do have free speech on most campuses, but they have designated it to certain zones. These zones are a good idea, but it is our first amendment right to have the freedom of speech and they are slowly taking that away from us on campus. The administrative forces have been trying to punish these people that are not following by their rules. These colleges are trying to limit the free speech of students in their schools. These people try to take a stand with peaceful protests, but they just end up getting...
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...Freedom of Speech, Hate Speech, & Talk Radio Brice Hinchman Freedom of Speech, Hate Speech, & Talk Radio What is Freedom of speech? Well, the definition for freedom of speech is the ability to speak freely without being subject to censorship or without fear of retaliation from a governing body. There are at least two documents, the US Constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, that acknowledge that free speech is an unalienable right and protect it for all. There is another form of speech that may or may not be protected, depending on the circumstances, under the same documents and that is hate speech. Some of the limitations that are put in place by Government, employers, and educational facilities are a violation of what freedom of speech is really about, being able to freely speak your mind, but are necessary to protect the rights and liberties of other individuals. The freedom of speech is a very powerful right that is protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. Our Founding Fathers set the stage when they wrote the Declaration of Independence by stating that “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness” (Choices, 81). One of these liberties and unalienable rights was the Freedom of speech. The First Amendment to the United States Constitution, which was ratified...
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...The limitation of free speech on college campuses Many people believe in freedom of speech. Freedom of speech usually exist in democratic countries including the United States of America. Furthermore, The U.S, also known as “Free country” have legalized the freedom of speech in every institution such as school, college, or church. There are many people including myself who are against freedom of speech in specific sectors such as school and college. On the other hand, the University of Missouri believe in the power of free speech even though in some cases it can be offensive. Why should free speech be limited on campuses? When should free speech be limited on campuses? Who should take responsibility of free speech on campuses? Erika Christakis, the the Yale Associate House Matter states, “Free speech and the ability to tolerate offense are the hallmarks of a free and open society” (“Campus adults: protect free speech” 1) and the authorities of the university of Missouri adopted that slogan. I believe that free speech should be limited in the university of Missouri in order to reduce the effects of creating an offensive, demeaning, intimidating, and hostile environment for other students on campus. First, I am against the total freedom of speech in the university of Missouri because it can create an offensive environment on campus. The offense can be directed against other students because of their race, color, religion, sex orientation, age, or disability. The recent events...
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...Free speech zone in universities Many campuses congratulate themselves on their sociability when they establish small free-speech zones where political things can be scheduled. Once I read in the Washington Post year ago, Texas Tech’s 28,000 students had a free-speech gazebo(the name of the free speech zone) that was big. Zones limit such free speech because they require students to get their permission for activities from school heads beforehand, which can then lead to discrimination. There are three main notes mentioned in the Washington post: At First, these are actually no means the types of free speech violations we see on campus. A look at FIRE’s case history it shows the true extent of threats to free speech on campus and the many ways they do it themselves. Second, speech code ratings of more than 400 universities around the country will provide you with a fuller appreciation of the many types of policies that indulge on the free speech rights of students. Finally, most of my examples are with the cases at public universities, which are made by the First law. We may have seen many of these same cases; however, at the private universities many of which may not be legally made by the First law, still make more promises of free speech to their students in their policies. Private institutions are controlled by these promises which courts in many states have said as strict contracts. In California private secular colleges are required by law to afford students the same...
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...other countries have laws against hate speech and that such laws have sometime been passed in the United States, although not nationally. I think this is because, as mentioned by Waldron, many countries consider hate laws in Europe and in other countries in which manifestations of hate are prohibited rather than tolerated in the name of free speech. I also think this because other countries in which have these hate laws, their constitutions acknowledge that basic rights, including freedom of expression, are legitimately subject to restriction. I think it isn’t consistent because many states vary in the extent to which they allow their national legislation be guided by international human-rights laws. The Foundation for Individual Rights in Education reviews the narrow definitions of exceptions for the free-speech clause of the U.S Constitution, noting that universities frequently go beyond these exceptions in their speech codes. Those narrow exceptions include: speech that incites reasonable people to immediate violence, so-called “fighting words”, harassment, true threats and intimidation, obscenity, and defamation. I think that universities go beyond these exceptions in their speech codes because of the recent events that have happened. For example, I think the Virginia Tech massacre made a lot of universities scared that something like that could happen at their university, so they started to go beyond exceptions of the free-speech clause to make sure that nothing like...
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...Where is the Line Drawn? Freedom of speech: The right, guaranteed by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, to express beliefs and ideas without unwarranted government restriction. The issues of language and whether or not there should be regulation of students’ First Amendment rights can be a summarized in one word for me. Bizarre. College campuses should not be able to put restrictions on students’ right to free expression. Contrary to popular belief that “sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me,” I understand that words do hurt; however, it is impossible to regulate language “because we don’t really know how to classify any kind of speech, which we would have to do before we could safely legislate against it”(314). You cannot prescribe a single remedy for the millions of different people on campus. How one person reacts to a word is completely different than how another person would. This is why our First Amendment rights cannot be restricted because there are too many variables attached to it. A UCLA student, Alexandra Wallace, posted a video on YouTube in which she complains about Asian students’ behavior. Wallace's three-minute video had triggered a national discussion about racial stereotyping and what authority, if any, colleges have over students' speech and opinions. When you are given the opportunity to express free speech, you have to act responsibly. Just like if you are given a license, you have to drive responsibly...
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...1. What gave the U.S. Supreme Court, a federal court, the right to review a Texas state law? The question was whether burning the flag was protected under the First Amendment right to free speech. The Supreme Court held that it was. The fact that a U.S. Constitutional right was asserted gave the Supreme Court federal jurisdiction. 2. Suppose that Johnson had burned a Texas state flag instead of the U.S. flag. * a. Would the U.S. Supreme Court have jurisdiction to hear the case? * b. If the Supreme Court did hear the case, do you think the decision would have been any different from this case? 3. The Supreme Court could hear the case and the result would more-than-likely have been the same because the actual issue was the Right to Free Speech under the U.S. Constitution, not whether the criminal law was state or federal. 1. What is the doctrine of separate but equal? “Separate but equal” doctrine announced by this Court in Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537. Under that doctrine, equality of treatment is accorded when the races are provided substantially equal facilities, even though these facilities be separate. “The doctrine first enunciated by the U.S. Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537, 16 S. Ct. 1138, 41 L. Ed. 256 (1896), to the effect that establishing different facilities for blacks and whites was valid under the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment as long as they were equal.”1 2. What did the Court say about...
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...expression that can intimidate the free flow of ideas. College campuses are filled with diversity. Rather, students from all over the world, whether citizens or guests, should feel welcome to share cultural, political, and traditional values openly. Unfortunately, some people take our freedoms to extremes on both sides of the issue and without limitations to free speech it could be abused. The essence of why free speech should be limited or censored on college campuses is best captured in Lawrence’s own writing On Racist Speech. “Assaultive rasict speech functions as a preemptive strike. The invective is experienced as a blow, not as a proffered idea, and once the blow is struck, it is unlikely that a dialogue will follow. Racial insults are particularly undeserving of First Amendment protection because the perpetrator’s intention is not to discover truth or initiate dialogue but to injure the victim.”(page56 paragraph 6.) The law of the land states, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances,” (United States Constitution. First Amendment.) Prior to ratifying the U.S. Constitution our founding fathers declared our freedom from Great Britain, “And for the support of the Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of...
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...Hate speech is nothing new to American universities. It is defined as language that slanders a particular group based on race, color, gender, nationality, as well as other characteristics. Though colleges try to combat hate speech with speech codes, these codes are never upheld in court, and as a result the victims are left to suffer. Sadly, most victims are minorities who have been historically oppressed, such as African Americans and women. In order to help the minorities targeted by hate speech on college campuses, the sufferers must be empowered to speak out through the creation of a national organization and eventually the Supreme Court must rule that the freedom of speech does not include hate speech. An increase of hate speech on college...
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...Take-home Quiz Hate speech is one of the most powerful and hurtful speech there is today. Its power grows from the pure frustration and hatred towards another group. Hate speech perpetuates hate and violence and should never be allowed anywhere. Richard Delgado in Hate Cannot Be Tolerated states, “With anonymous hate speech such as a flier or graffiti, the victim cannot talk back, for the hate speaker delivers his message in a cowardly fashion.” I agree with Richards whole article but I particularly liked this segment. Hate crimes are cowardly and stereotypical. They usual consist of targeting a group and a helpless individual is dragged into that group and abused. If someone has a problem with me and confronts me I will openly listen but if the constantly fuck with my life using graffiti and fliers, that’s strait disrespect and I don’t put up with it. I don’t believe any one should have to. Now some people are not as hands on as me and we cant expect people to stick up for them selves so we must act to defend them. In the essay The Betrayal of Liberty on America’s Campus, by Alan Kors, I felt pushed back. I didn’t like the tone he used in his essay or the purpose. He gave some far-fetched examples if weird speech codes schools tried to bring the hate speech down and pushed that they were talking away our rights. I am always allowed to voice my opinion and even if I wasn’t allowed I still would but I’m glad there are rules in place to stop hate speech and in my eyes they don’t...
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...Manila (with Schools of Health Sciences in Baler, Palo and Koronadal), UP Visayas (with campuses in Iloilo/Miagao and Tacloban), UP Cebu, UP Mindanao, and the Open University. The Diliman campus is the University’s flagship campus and offers the largest number of degree programs. Other campuses are known for specific areas of specialization. For example, UP Manila is the country’s Center of Excellence in the health sciences; UP Los Baños is a distinguished center of academic excellence in agriculture, forestry and related sciences in Asia; UP Visayas is noted for its program in fisheries which is recognized as one of the best in Asia; UP Baguio is noted for its Cordillera Studies program; and the UP Open University provides educational opportunities beyond the boundaries of a conventional university (i.e., through distance learning). As the premier State University, UP offers a wide range of degree programs. Some degree programs are offered in only one campus (e.g., BS Nursing, BA Filipino) while others are offered in two or more campuses (e.g., B Fine Arts, BS Statistics). Most of these require qualification through the UP College Admission Test (UPCAT). To maintain its high standard of education and to maximize its limited resources, UP has had to limit slots for freshman admission to each campus and to its various degree programs. Some programs are in much greater demand than others so that their freshman slots are often more quickly filled. Other programs may not be as much in...
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...Left-wing politics in the 1960s attracted primarily middle-class college students The Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) founded at the University of Michigan in 1960, was the organizational base for the New Left. Leaders of the SDS believed that colleges were a natural base from which to promote social change Before opposition to the Vietnam War exploded, issues that touched on student freedom, such as dress codes, course requirements, discrimination by sororities and fraternities, and minority admissions, were hot topics on campus When the administration tried to control political activity at the University of California at Berkeley in the fall of 1964, the Free Speech Movement was formed The tactics the Berkeley students used at the time — sit-ins and taking over college buildings — became common forms of antiwar protest In the spring of 1965, SDS supported a nationwide campaign against the draft On campuses, demonstrations included draft card burnings, confrontations with military recruiters, and sit-ins to protest ROTC programs Off campus, antiwar protestors demonstrated at Army induction centers with picket lines and sit-ins. Companies that were closely involved with the war effort, such as Dow Chemical (which manufactured napalm), were targeted when they came to a university to recruit In...
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