...makers and researchers around the world. The development of a country can be tracked by observing how different policies have improved the lives of the poor people in a country. India has adopted various poverty estimation methods since the 1970s. Numerous committees were appointed by the Indian government to decide upon an appropriate method in deciding the poverty line. This report will broadly talk about the efforts made by committees like Dandekar and Rath, Alagh, Ladkawala, Tendulkar and Rangarajan and try to critically evaluate methodologies followed by these expert groups for poverty line estimation in India. Dandekar and Rath Committee Dandekar and Rath Committee were the first...
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...* Measures of inflation in India * CPI Types * WPI * Calculation of WPI * New series of CPI * CPI Urban/Rural * How Inflation is related with GDP? * Relationship between broad money supply and WPI/CPI * Announcement of hike in DA for government employees cause inflation? * Impact of elections on inflation * Hypothesis testing for elections and inflation * References INFLATION An increase in the average level of prices of goods and services. Primarily, two types of price indices used are – Wholesale Price Index (WPI) and Consumer Price Index (CPI). Inflation measured through wholesale price index is called wholesale price inflation or headline inflation and inflation measured through consumer price index is called consumer price inflation. CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (CPI): It is more relevant to the consumer, since it measures changes in retail prices. The Consumer Price Index represents the basket of essential commodities purchased by the average consumer – food, fuel, lighting, housing, clothing, articles etc. Inflation measured by using CPI is called consumer price inflation. There are three measures of CPI, which track the cost of living of three different categories of consumers— Industrial workers (IW) Agricultural laborers (AL) Rural laborers (RL). Each category has its own basket of commodities that represent the consumption pattern of the respective consumer groups. Not only does the basket of commodities differ, but...
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...Countertrade means exchanging goods or services which are paid for, in whole or part, with other goods or services, rather than with money. A monetary valuation can however be used in counter trade for accounting purposes. In dealings between sovereign states, the term bilateral trade is used. OR "Any transaction involving exchange of goods or service for something of equal value." Types of countertrade There are five main variants of countertrade: * Barter: Exchange of goods or services directly for other goods or services without the use of money as means of purchase or payment. * Switch trading: Practice in which one company sells to another its obligation to make a purchase in a given country. * Counter purchase: Sale of goods and services to one company in other country by a company that promises to make a future purchase of a specific product from the same company in that country. * Buyback: occurs when a firm builds a plant in a country - or supplies technology, equipment, training, or other services to the country and agrees to take a certain percentage of the plant's output as partial payment for the contract. * Offset: Agreement that a company will offset a hard - currency purchase of an unspecified product from that nation in the future. Agreement by one nation to buy a product from another, subject to the purchase of some or all of the components and raw materials from the buyer of the finished product, or the assembly of such product in the buyer...
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...Macro Economics Project Topic: Inflation Targeting and Interest Rules Section - D Group – 3 Members: Shankho Bag (PGP/19/225) Soham Dutta (PGP/19/230) Sohom Karmakar (PGP/19/231) Sumanraj E (PGP/19/232) Sumeet Mahapatra (PGP/19/233) Abstract:In the recent past India has been grappling with high inflation and inflation stands highest amongst all the G-20 nations. Faced with a twin effect of declining growth which created an environment of “stagflation”, India needed to re-work its entire monetary policy framework. The monetary policy of our country was focused on targeting Multiple Indices like GDP Growth Rate, IIP, WPI Inflation which resulted on low accountability, lack of proper direction and ultimately inflation spirally out of control. To give a new direction and change the discourse of monetary policy, it was obvious some serious reforms were needed. In this report, we take a look at the ground breaking shift in monetary policy when India officially adopted as “Inflation Targeting” as the primary role of its Central Bank (The RBI) and we take a holistic view of the situation. Introduction:The Indian economy during the period 2012, 2013 was at crossroads. With manifold problems surrounding it, the economy needed a major boost and course correction to go towards the path of sustainable growth. The Indian economy was faced with stagflation – the double edged sword of persistently high inflation combined with fall/stagnation...
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...June 2013. TABLE 1.1 Alternative Market Baskets CONDITIONER LOTION | A | 50 | 10 | B | 32 | 25 | D | 50 | 40 | E | 22 | 10 | C | 20 | 55 | | | | Figure 1.1 D D CONDITIONER 50 A E E 40 30 B 20 C 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 LOTION D is preferred to B, B is preferred to E. This is because it follows the rule MORE is BETTER than LESS. Indifference Curve Figure 1.2 CONDITIONER 50 A D 40 30 B 20 E C u1 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 LOTION The indifference curve U1 that passes through market basket B shows all baskets that give the consumer the same level of satisfaction as does market basket B; these include baskets A and C.Our consumer prefers basket D, which lies above U1, to A, but prefers B to E which lie below U1. Fun runs, exercise and other physical activities have been promoted and practiced more by Filipinos in recent years. In addition, Filipinos are now choosing the healthier lifestyle as shown in their food product choices. On food purchase over the past 5 years, there has been an...
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...The GCC in 2020 Outlook for the Gulf and the Global Economy A report from the Economist Intelligence Unit Sponsored by the Qatar Financial Centre Authority The GCC in 2020: Outlook for the Gulf and the Global Economy About this research T he GCC in 2020: Outlook for the Gulf and the Global Economy is a white paper written by the Economist Intelligence Unit and sponsored by the Qatar Financial Centre (QFC) Authority. The findings and views expressed in this briefing paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the QFC Authority, which has sponsored this publication in the interest of promoting informed debate. The Economist Intelligence Unit bears sole responsibility for the content of the report. The author was Jane Kinninmont and the editor was Rob Mitchell. The findings are based on two main strands of research: l A programme of in-depth analysis, conducted by the Economist Intelligence Unit, which drew on its own long-term forecasts and projections for the six GCC economies, along with other published sources of information. l A series of interviews in which economists, academics, and leading experts in the development of the GCC were invited to give their views. In some cases, interviewees have chosen to remain anonymous. Our sincere thanks go to all the interviewees for sharing their insights on this topic. March 2009 © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2009 The GCC in 2020: Outlook for the Gulf and the Global Economy Executive summary ...
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...Tamika Harrison Doug Dorman Comparative Religion March 20, 2013 Buddhism Buddhism, one of the fastest growing religions in the world, is also one of the oldest and has influenced many cultures of Asia and followers in the west (Alldritt 4). Buddhism is the fourth largest religion following Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism, and has over 376 million followers (Robinson). In Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Japan, Mongolia and Taiwan, Buddhism is the majority religion. China, which is primarily atheist, has many people that adhere to the Buddhist beliefs (Wangu, O’Brien, and Palmer 8). The percentage of Buddhism’s practice is quickly increasing in the United States population. Some estimate that up to 3 million are practicing in the US. But India, around 500 B.C.E., is where it all began and flourished (Alldritt 5). During this time, India was in a state of religious ferment which led people to experiment with meditation, deep breathing and to study with gurus (Molloy 125). Buddhism emphasizes on personal enlightenment as opposed to an eternal salvation from a higher being. The Buddha is not a god, but a human being that was acknowledged and respected for providing the knowledge on happiness within one self and concern for all living things (Robinson). In this report, I will discuss how Buddhism originated, its major forms, beliefs and teachings and the question of it being a true religion or philosophy of life. Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, or the awakened one,...
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...THE PRINCETON REVIEW CAT SAMPLE PAPER 1 INSTRUCTIONS – Please read these carefully before attempting the test 1. 2. This test is based on pattern of previous years’ CAT papers. There are three sections. Section 1- English & Reading Comprehension (50 questions) Section 2- Quantitative Ability & Data Interpretation (50 questions) Section 3- Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency (50 questions) The total time allotted is 2 hours exactly. Please note your start time and end time on the answer sheet. Do not take more than 2 hours, or you will get a wrong assessment. Please fill all the details, as asked on top of the answer sheet. Please try to maximize your attempt overall, but you need to do well in all sections. There is 1 mark for every right answer and 0.25 negative mark for every wrong one. There is no sectional time limit. Since it is a time constrained test and you have 2 hours, and all questions carry equal marks, please do not get stuck on any question, move fast to try and do easier ones. Please do all scratch work on paper only, no extra sheets to be used. Put all your answers on the answer sheet. Relax. You are competing against yourself. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. The Princeton Review CAT sample paper 1 SECTION I Number of Questions: 50 DIRECTIONS for Questions 1 to 5: In each of the questions, four different ways of presenting an idea are given. Choose the one that conforms most closely to standard English usage. 1. A. We are forced to fall...
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... Arpit Dhiman (14109006) Dhruva Gupta (14109010) Branch-Production Contents Pg 3…………………………………………………………….Abstract Pg 4……………………………………………………………..What is inflation? Pg 4 – 6………………………………………………………….Types of inflation Pg 6 -7 ………………………………………………………….Causes of inflation Pg 8………………………………Measurement of inflation and issues encountered Pg 10-11……………………………………………………………Factors affecting demand Pg12 - 13……………………………………………………………..Factors affecting supply Pg 14-15………………………………………How Can Government Control Inflation? Pg 16-19…………………………………………………Effect of inflation on various sectors Pg20-21…………………………………………………………..Literature review Pg22-23………………………………………………Needs, Objectives and Methodology Pg24……………………………………………………………..Data Analysis Pg24-25………………………………………………Advantages/Disadvantages of inflation Pg25-26………………………………………………………….Elasticity of Demand Pg27-28……………………………Classification of goods on basis of Wants...
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...1. Introduction Sainsbury’s is the biggest food retailer. Sainsbury's supermarkets has approximately 138,000 employees, of which 70% is a part-time job, 30% were full-time jobs. 58% of the employees are a women.Sainsbury supermarket provides more than 23,000 items, of which 40% is the commodity is Sainsbury supermarket own brands. In addition to large-scale high-quality food and vegetables products, many stores also increased the toast, cooked food, meat and fish counter, deli, coffee shop, restaurant and petrol station. Today, principles and values of the founders continue to guide the company's direction--by providing customers with quality products, excellent service and thoughtful attention and makes it preferred customers shopping to Sainsbury supermarkets. Analysis of Sainsbury’s will be discussed by the characteristics of services, consumer buying behaviour, and service quality by using some academic model. 2. The Characteristics of Services Figure 2: Scale of Market Entities Source: Shostack, 1977 The scale of market entities classified different products into tangible dominant and intangible dominant which include pure tangible goods, tangible goods with accompanying service, service with accompanying goods and service and pure service. It shows goods-services continuum that most products contain both goods and services in real life (see Figure 2). Sainsbury sells products which combine goods and services. In addition, the characteristics of its services...
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...QUALITY OF WORK LIFE IN HYPERCITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Quality of working life refers to the relationship between a worker and his environment, adding the human dimension to the technical and economic dimensions within which work is normally viewed and designed. QWL relates to the facilities and conditions in which workers have to work. The main purpose of doing this project is to understand what good quality work life means to employees in the retail sector and how it affects the organization. It speaks about how an organization should keep their employees happy by providing them quality work life. The fast changing rapidly growing Indian retail industry faces a major challenge for any employer. As it relates to Quality of work life, the recent changes in retail trading conditions and working conditions has further aggravated the employee performance. Work is an integral part of our everyday life, as it is our livelihood or career or business. On an average we spend around twelve hours daily in the work place, that is one third of our entire life; it does influence the overall quality of our life. It should yield job satisfaction, give peace of mind, a fulfillment of having done a task, as it is expected, without any flaw and having spent the time fruitfully, constructively and purposefully. Even if it is a small step towards our lifetime goal, at the end of the day it gives satisfaction and eagerness to look forward to the next day. A happy and...
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...INTRODUCTION Poverty in India is widespread, with the nation estimated to have a third of the world's poor. In 2010, the World Bank reported that 32.7% of the total Indian people fall below the international poverty line of US$ 1.25 per day (PPP) while 68.7% live on less than US$ 2 per day.[1] According to 2010 data from the United Nations Development Programme, an estimated 29.8% of Indians live below the country's national poverty line.[2] A 2010 report by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) states that 8 Indian states have more poor people than 26 poorest African nations combined which totals to more than 410 million poor in the poorest African countries.[3][4] A 2013 UN report stated that a third of the worlds poorest people live in India.[5] According to a 2011 poverty Development Goals Report, as many as 320 million people in India and China are expected to come out of extreme poverty in the next four years, while India's poverty rate is projected to drop to 22% in 2015.[6] The report also indicates that in Southern Asia, however, only India, where the poverty rate is projected to fall from 51% in 1990 to about 22% in 2015, is on track to cut poverty by half by the 2015 target date.[6] However, this decline in poverty is debatable given the fact that there are question marks on methodology of evaluating poverty. Indian journalist Ravi S Jha writes in the Guardian[7] on the need of measuring poverty by segregating India's poor in different groups...
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...Opportunities and Challenges in Waste Water Treatment Market in India India's economy is the eleventh largest in the world by nominal GDP and the fourth largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). Following strong economic reforms from the socialist inspired economy of a post-independence Indian nation, the country began to develop a fastpaced economic growth, as free market principles were initiated in 1990 for international competition and foreign investment. The environment market in India is one that is developing rapidly. Environment-consciousness is gaining ascendancy thereby enhancing demand for hazardous waste management facilities. The ministry of environment and forests has identified 18 highly polluting industry sectors but the most sophisticated technology will have to be imported. There are good prospects for joint-ventures between Indian and foreign companies in this field. In a country famed for its superstitious beliefs and practices, there was no opposition - rather, there was a public welcome - to a clean-up of the Ganges which is considered a Holy River among the majority Hindus. The fact that society acknowledged that their Holy River could be polluted points to a growing understanding of environmental issues in India. And this is good news for foreign and domestic environment-related businesses. In addition to this, there are several products that India needs to import, some of which are storage containers made of, or lined with, waste-handling category materials...
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...OF FOOD BAZAAR [pic] IILM INSTITUTE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION GURGAON IN THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF POST GRADUATE PROGRAMME IN RETAIL MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED BY DEEPAK KUMAR PGPRM 2006-08 CATCHMENT STUDY OF FOOD BAZAAR [pic] DECLARATION This project is my original work done on behalf of IILM INSTITUTE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION under the guidance of Mr.Amit kumar, Food bazaar category head north zone and college mentors Mrs. Swaran Kanta and Mrs. Smita shelly, Faculty IILM. As well as with the great help of Food bazaar category team north zone. The material provided in this report is original and has not been submitted anywhere for any other diploma or degree. This data is completely confidential, hence the findings and analysis would not be shared in this document and outside too . so should not be share with any other places or organization. Signature of student Name : Deepak Kumar Date PREFACE I am Deepak Kumar doing post graduate program in retail management (PGPRM) student of Integrated Institute of Learning Management (IILM), Gurgaon, Haryana. undergone summer training program at Zonal office (North Zone) with Future group in Gurgaon. I have been assigned a task to do the ‘CATCHMENT STUDY OF FOOD BAZAARS IN NORTH ZONE”. In this topic there were three main objectives which I did for each Food bazaar...
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...significantly. Spending on education is expected to grow by 11% over the next 20 years. Also, an increase in GPRS use and the introduction of 3G technology in India should also give a boost to concepts such as e-learning in the country. The Indian education market has witnessed a series of developments and changes in the last few years, which resulted in a significant increase in market size of the education industry compared to previous years. The present Indian education industry is in its development stage. With increasing per capita income, national economic growth and enhanced technology it has become necessary to develop the structure of the Indian education sector. Private players have taken several initiatives for development of education infrastructure and quality. The emergence of new segments like e-learning and V-SAT training is slowly shifting the education market towards new heights. Education today is perceived as an Investment in both Urban and rural areas, people slog throughout their lives to make sure that their children are well educated so that the next generation has a comfortable life. Indians today are rated top among people having the highest IQ. They are highly competitive in their approach and have proven to be great achievers. Indians are known for their potential in almost all the fields around the world which is the reason why the Indian IIT...
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