...Influencing Factors of Health Care Expenditure: Opportunities to Improve Canada’s Statistics [Authors Name] [Institutional Affiliation(s)] Author Note [Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.] Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………2 Comparing Health System Performance…………………………………………………4 Sweden’s Healthcare Policy Framework………………………………………………...8 Canada’s Opportunities for Improvement………………………………………………..9 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….11 References……………………………………………………………………………….13 Influencing Factors of Health Care Expenditure: Opportunities to Improve Canada’s Statistics Globally, the number of variations that contribute to the government’s financial contribution to the health care system is great and ever changing. The amount of money spent on health expenditures varies as well, and is specific to each country. In countries with a high income, such as the United States and France, the per capita health expenditure averages over 3,000 USD, while in countries that are considered resource poor, such as Israel and Mexico, the average per capita amount is only 30 USD. (Ke, Saksena, & Holly, 2011). Wide variations in health expenditure are also specific to each country’s economic development. Less resourceful countries have been noted to only spend less than 3% of GDP on health, while other, more economically developed countries spend more than 12% of GDP on health. (Ke et al.,2011). The growth...
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...Business Analysis of Canada Canada is the leading country in the world for an American business to expand because of the very similar culture and business environment to the United States. Americans operating in Canada will feel very comfortable integrating into society and will be able to successfully execute their business objectives. The key areas of focus to effectively prove Canada’s compatibility with American firms is based on the following criteria: * Culture * Management * Population Demographics * Compensation * Religion * Ethics * Political Risk * Economy Culture Canada’s culture is very similar to the United States and by analyzing the cultural dimension theory by Geert Hofsted, American businesses will be able to understand how the similarities positively impact the success of American expatriates working in Canada. Hofsted’s cultural dimensions theory is an analysis of 5 specific factors that define the makeup of a society. Using a ranking system he was able to compare over 50 countries to Canada in all of these dimensions: power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, career success and planning for the long-term horizon. Power distance This dimension measures the rigidity or flexibility of a country in terms of how organizations structure management and subordinate relationships. If a country has a high power distance, management structures seem to be more rigid or hierarchal and a chain of command system is...
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...payers, leaving the US citizens no choice other than to pay out of one’s own pocket in order to obtain health insurance, also Americans are not fully insured or even partially insured like the citizens of Canada are (Canadian Health Care, 2007). Each country spends a large amount of funding for their health care systems. Canada had spent over eleven percent of its overall GDP on health care, the United States on the other hand had spent 17.4 percent of its overall GDP this year (United North America, 2013). On the other hand, Canada has been shown to spend much less of the GDP on their health care, but it still has been shown to be superior to the U.S. on two of the more common health care measures, such as the infant mortality rate and the life expectancy rate (United North America, 2013). Each country is very different from each other, but they also both have similar problems with the management of their health care systems. Canada guarantees that all their citizens...
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...the PDI is high for a country, people are most likely more accepting of the unbalanced nature. They have accepted the inequality as part of the rights of those with the power. PDI measures the extent to which a community will accept this division and inequality. Low Power distance would include equality factors like decentralized government with constant questioning of authority, conscious democratic structure where society is actively part of its management. High Power Distance societies are centralized hierarchical structures that reflect a paternalistic attitude to management of society. High PDI is unequal and society tends to accept the hierarchy as part of their nobility instead of a vast repression of social rights. Canada’s PDI: 39 “With a score of 39 on this dimension, Canadian culture is marked by interdependence among its inhabitants and there is value placed on egalitarianism” (geert-hofstede.com). Any...
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...Great Lakes Water Wars Introduction Water is a requirement of all life, as “it dissolves organic molecules…allows for transportation in and out of cells; and it is involved in many of metabolic reactions in the cells,” (Bennett & Shostak, 2007). Water is therefore in high demand due to its importance need to sustain life. With a rising world population and increasing world pollution, is the supply of clean water is decreasing per capita against its forever growing demand. “While about three-fourths of the earth's surface is covered with water, only about 2.7 percent of it is drinkable,” (Allardice, 2005) “Some two-thirds of that is locked up in snow and ice,” (Ehewnman, 2003). Water is in conflict between countries as the quality of clean water per person is steadily decreasing. The Great Lakes, the biggest body of water in North America, and supplies water to Canada and the U.S. and its rivers are also used for Hydro powered damns. This paper examines the Great Lakes water conflicts between Canada and the U.S., by observing the drinkable water that can be supplied. While also observing the legalities and regulations of who has the rights to Canada’s massive water supply. Even if the water is in Canada’s country, they may not have complete control over it. Many solutions from one side, such as water diversion, have created concerns for the other. Due to Canada’s high water supply from other lakes and river systems, they do not as dependent on the Great Lakes as much...
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...Century as a strong country. Canada has always been a consistent and steady country, never too extreme in its political or economic views. This has never been truer than today, when we look at the economy of Europe and the United States over the past few years. While their financial situations are crumbling, Canada has remained stable during the economic downturn. The Business Insider (2011) named Canada sixth on the list of “The Countries that have the Best Quality of Life in the World.” Canada was ranked sixth because of factors such as income, work/life balance and life satisfaction. Canada has become a world leader in how it handles its economy and the stability that it has maintained. While the United States and Europe have watched their countries debt rise and banks crumble, Canada has made conservative choices that have kept our economic system intact. How is it that two of the largest countries are having a financial meltdown and Canada has remained relatively untouched? According to Bricker (2010), Canada’s real estate market didn’t collapse, our dollar has remained strong and our unemployment rate stayed the same at eight...
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...Canadian And American Health Care In this research paper I will be comparing Canadian and American HealthCare systems. In this paper I will provide a description of health care system for each country. I will also analyze, evaluate and compare the two systems regarding equity and efficiency. We begin by giving a general portrayal and examination of the structure of Healthcare systems in Canada and the United States. CANADA’S HEALTH CARE – OVERVIEW Canada's health care system is a group of socialized health insurance plans that provides coverage to all Canadian citizens. It is openly subsidized and controlled on a common or regional premise, inside rules set by the national government. Under the health care system , singular natives are given preventive care and medical treatment from essential consideration doctors and in addition access to clinics, dental surgery and extra therapeutic administrations. With a couple of exemptions, all citizens qualify for health coverage regardless of medical history, personal income, or expectation for everyday life. Canada's health care system is the subject of much political contention and levelheaded discussion in the nation. Some question the efficiencies of the current system to convey medications in an auspicious manner,...
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...Evidence of Paul Martin’s significance is primarily noticeable in Canada’s titles today, and the events Martin was able to carry through later on in history. Firstly, looking at the events,“the Liberals won again in the election of 2000, another victory that had much to do with Martin's success as the most influential finance minister in decades” (Azzi & Hillmer, 2007). This proves that not only was Martin a highly significant minister, “the most influential finance minister in decades”, but because of his significance, the Liberals win another election in 2000. The win is proof of Martin’s success, as without him, the party may have not won at all, making this event a quite substantial piece of evidence. After Martin had implemented all the...
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...Peel Region is named for the father of modern policing, Sir Robert Peel. His philosophy can be captured in the phrase, "The police and community are one". That belief is exemplified today by Peel Reginal Police's community-based policing, with officers working closely with the public to solve local problems and improve the quality of life for all of the people of the region. Sir Robert Peel the oldest son of a wealthy cotton manufacturer, he was educated at Harrow and Oxford, and with his fathers money, a parliamentary seat was found for him as soon as he became of age in 1809. One year later he was appointed undersecretary for war and colonies. Two years later he accepted the difficult position of chief secretary for Ireland. It was during this term in Ireland that he introduced the Act of Parliament which would bring about the formation of the Irish Peace Preservation Force. On his return to England he accepted the post of secretary for the home department and a seat in the Cabinet. His first task was to meet the long-standing demands for a comprehensive reorganization of the criminal code. Rising crime statistics proved to him that there should be some improvement in the methods of crime prevention. To this end, in 1829 he brought about the Metropolitan Police Act and with it the first disciplined police force for Greater London. They soon became known as Bobby's boys or "bobbies". The very first police officers in what would become Peel Region were actually in place in...
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...physicians and hospitals are reimbursed and funded in the United States as opposed to foreign nations. The three other foreign nations that will be involved in this discussion will be: Germany, Canada, and United Kingdom. Reimbursement/funding of health care services varies from nation to nation. Each of these countries inhabits a different point on the international healthcare continuum. In this critical analysis you will read about the different ways foreign countries and the United States reimburse hospitals and providers for health care services. The United States of America In America, we, as consumers, have the right to choose among various suppliers of healthcare services. We make a decision based upon the competing market and quality of goods and services. Then we pay for the cost of our services mainly through insurance or by paying for the full cost of the purchase ourselves. According to Bodenheimer and Grumbach, health care financing in the United States started off from out-of-pocket payments and evolved through individual private insurance, then employment-based insurance, and then finally government-based financing (i.e. Medicaid and Medicare) (2012, p. 187). For most individuals, mainly employers or government agencies cover health insurance, so that the patients will not face the true cost of healthcare services (Paying for Health Services, n.d.). Medicaid and Medicare coverage’s are only offered to those individuals that meet a certain income level and meet...
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...wholly owned subsidiaries: Rogers Cable, Rogers Wireless and Rogers Media. The company is Canada’s largest wireless provider of cable television services and the provider of high-speed Internet access, telephony services and video retailing. Challenge When Rogers sought to expand its cable customer footprint in Atlantic Canada, it was uncertain whether the same marketing strategy and materials that had increased customers in Ontario would be effective in another location. Could Rogers use its existing creative pieces and copy, or would it need to develop a new messaging and media strategy that better reflected Atlantic Canada’s lifestyles and perspectives? Solution To determine whether the Ontario ad slicks and direct mail pieces could be used in Atlantic Canada, analysts first classified Rogers’ millions of customers using PRIZMC2, EA’s segmentation system that groups consumers into one of 66 lifestyle types. They developed detailed profiles of Rogers’ customers in a number of provinces and then compared their demographics, lifestyles and social values. After determining the uniqueness of the Atlantic market, researchers identified four target groups that captured the essence of Rogers’ area customers and integrated the results into a marketing communications strategy tailored for each group. Results By identifying four target groups that represented the majority of Atlantic Canada’s customers—Affluent Families, Middle-Class Families, Francophone Families and Midscale Older...
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...The United States health care system is quite unique when compared to Canada’s health care system and those of other countries. Canada provides universal coverage, is privately run and is publicly funded through taxes. The U.S. is the only industrialized country that does not offer universal health coverage. The U.S. is said to be part of the developed world in terms of technology, well trained health professionals and job opportunities although when it comes to health outcomes it doesn’t do so well. Available studies suggest that the health outcomes in Canada were superior to those compared the U.S. The U.S. faces multiple barriers that have made their health care system inconsistent and so costly. In the past the system focused on revenue maximization instead of quality care at an affordable cost. The U.S. spends twice as much more per capita on health expenditures when compared to Canada (O'Neill & O'Neill, 2007). Canada spends much less on health care and yet performs better than the U.S. in health outcomes, infant mortality and life expectancy. A comparison of the U.S. health care system and Canada’s system performance will be evaluated along with the health outcomes that have resulted from each system. The U.S. has a multi-payer private health care system where Canada has a single payer and is mostly a publicly funded system. “In Canada in order to receive full funding for health insurance the provincial government must meet the following criteria: care available to all...
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...Executive Summary The health care in the United States has often been credited with being some of the best money can buy, though with the caveat that it does not provide health care to all its citizens, and millions are left with woefully little or no health care coverage. However, in Canada, universal health care serves its entire population, though there is also criticism that the care it does provide lacks the quality of the most expensive health care services in the U.S. This paper will examine the truth behind the quantity and quality argument between the universalized health care in Canada and the health care system in the U.S., while also taking into account the recent reforms made to the U.S. system and how it impacts such a comparison. Canada and the United States Comparison of the health care systems in Canada and the United States are often made by government, public health and public policy analysts. The two countries had similar health care systems before Canada reformed its system in the 1960s and 1970s. The United States spends much more money on health care than Canada, on both a per-capita basis and as a percentage of GDP. In 2006, per-capita spending for health care in Canada was US$3,678; in the U.S., US$6,714. The U.S. spent 15.3% of GDP on health care in that year; Canada spent 10.0%. In 2006, 70% of health care spending in Canada was financed by government, versus 46% in the United States. Total government spending per capita in the U.S. on health...
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...infrastructure improvements); 2) human capital driven by an improvement in the health and skills ability of workers; 3) New technology generation. It is an important measurement because how effectively work is done by employees impacts a country's economic growth. It helps policy makers and economists monitor the effects of labour market policies and can help to investigate the relationship between labour market metrics and the quality of life...
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...Dietary Intake and Risk Factors for Poor Diet Quality Among Children in Nova Scotia Paul J. Veugelers, PhD1 Angela L. Fitzgerald, MSc, PDt2 Elizabeth Johnston, PhD, PDt, FDC3 ABSTRACT Objective: Public health policies promote healthy nutrition but evaluations of children’s adherence to dietary recommendations and studies of risk factors of poor nutrition are scarce, despite the importance of diet for the temporal increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity. Here we examine dietary intake and risk factors for poor diet quality among children in Nova Scotia to provide direction for health policies and prevention initiatives. Methods: In 2003, we surveyed 5,200 grade five students from 282 public schools in Nova Scotia, as well as their parents. We assessed students’ dietary intake (Harvard’s Youth Adolescent Food Frequency Questionnaire) and compared this with Canadian food group and nutrient recommendations. We summarized diet quality using the Diet Quality Index International, and used multilevel regression methods to evaluate potential child, parental and school risk factors for poor diet quality. Results: In Nova Scotia, 42.3% of children did not meet recommendations for milk products nor did they meet recommendations for the food groups ‘Vegetables and fruit’ (49.9%), ‘Grain products’ (54.4%) and ‘Meat and alternatives’ (73.7%). Children adequately met nutrient requirements with the exception of calcium and fibre, of which intakes were low, and dietary fat and sodium...
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