...Used Cooking Oil as an Additive Component of Candle | AbstractThe study aims to produce a low-priced, high-quality candle by using used cooking oil as a major component. The following candle compositions were used: 100 percent paraffin wax; 90 percent paraffin and 10 percent oil; 80 percent paraffin and 20 percent oil; 70 percent paraffin and 30 percent oil; 60 percent paraffin and 40 percent oil; 50 percent paraffin and 50 percent oil. The firmness, texture, and light intensity of the candles were tested and compared.Results of the tests showed that the candle made from 100 percent paraffin wax had the lowest melting rate, lowest amount of melted candle, and a light intensity of 100 candelas (cd). The 90:10 preparation had the next lowest melting rate and amount of melted candle. The other preparations ranked according to the proportion of used cooking oil in the candle, with the 50:50 preparation performing least comparably with the 100 percent paraffin wax candle.IntroductionToday, candles are made not only for lighting purposes but for many other uses such as home décor, novelty collections, as fixtures for big occasions (weddings, baptismals, etc.), and as scented varieties for aromatherapy. Candles are made from different types of waxes and oils.Cooking oil is a major kitchen item in Filipino households. It is also used substantially in fast-food outlets, where it is used in different stages of food preparations. Ordinarily, used cooking oil is discarded. This waste...
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...Don't discard banana peels; they are valuable as plant fertilizer. Bananas are packed with nutrients, and that includes their peels. Though you won't want to eat them yourself, your plants benefit from the nutrients as the peels decay. Plants need nutrients need to thrive. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are required in the highest amounts, and nutrients such as calcium, manganese, sodium and sulfur are necessary in lower amounts. While various levels of these nutrients occur naturally, some soils can use a boost. Adding banana peels around prized plants is a widespread gardening practice that can improve your soil. Sponsored Link Expat Health Insurance Free Quotes Instantly Online Save Now on Best Cover for Expats www.nowcompare.com/Expats ------------------------------------------------- Potassium Dried banana peels are 42 percent potassium, more than most other organic substances, such as manure at 0.5 percent, wood ash at 10 percent and cantaloupe rinds at 12 percent. Potassium promotes the movement of water and nutrients between cells. It also strengthens stems and protects plants from disease. Because the plant is healthier, it might flower more. After the plant blooms, potassium can improve the quality and size of any fruit or nuts. ------------------------------------------------- Phosphorus Banana peels are 3.25 percent phosphorus, one of the other major nutrients that plants need to grow. Phosphorus helps rooting, improves winter hardiness and speeds...
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...“Feasibility of melted wax crayon (Heavy hydrocarbon) to create candle.” Researchers: Ivan Tabaquero Jeilyka Briones Kamille Dioso Adviser: Caroline Bulatao A candle is a solid block or cylinder of wax with an embedded wick, which is lit to provide light, and sometimes heat. Today, most candles are made from paraffin. Candles can also be made from beeswax, soy, other plant waxes, and tallow (a by-product of beef-fat rendering). Gel candles are made from a mixture of paraffin and plastic. Before the invention of electric lighting candles and oil lamps were commonly used for illumination. In areas without electricity, they are still used routinely Abstract Table of Contents Chapter One………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….… 5 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 a. Background of the study …………………………….………………………………………………………………………... 7 b. Statement of the Problem …………………………………….………………………………………………………………. 7 c. Hypothesis …………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………… 8 d. Objectives …………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………. 8 e. Significance of the Study ……………………………………………………………………………….…………………….. 9 f. Scope and Limitation ………………………………………………………………………………….……………………… 10 g. Definition of Terms …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11 Chapter 2: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 Review of Related Literature ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 13 Chapter 3:...
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...and Mrs. Snooks are going to bed. Mrs. Snooks ask Mr. Snooks if he could blow the candle out. But he can only blow by putting his under lip over his upper lip. So his breath went up instead of blowing out the candle flame. So Mrs. Snooks get up from the bed to blow the candle out. But she can only blow by putting her upper lip over her under lip. So her breath went down to the floor. So Mrs. Snooks called her son John to come and blow out the candle. He came. John could only blow out of the right corner of his mouth. So his breath hit the wall of the room instead of the candle. So they all called for his sister, little Ann. She came. Little Ann could only blow out of the left side of her mouth. So her breath hit the wall instead of the candle. Suddenly they heard a heavy steady tread coming along the pavement. It was a policeman. Mrs. Snooks ask the policeman if he can blow out the candle. The policeman came. He came into the room were Mr. Snooks, Mrs. Snooks, John and little Ann were standing around the candle they wanted to blow out. And just with a little puff, the policeman blow out the candle at first time. All in the family thanked him. The policeman turned around and went down the stairs. “Just a moment, you musn`t go down the stairs in the dark” said Mr. Snooks. He lit the candle again. The policeman went out the door and Mr. Snooks went up to go to bed. “Would you blow out the candle?” said Mrs. Snooks to Mr. Snooks. And so on ad...
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...Dried Papaya Leaves as Organic Mulch for Tomato Plants | AbstractMulching in agricultural provides a safe yet equally profitable method of enriching and fertilizing the soil planted with crops. Most often-used mulches are of organic composition, such as dry leaves and barks. Unlike synthetic fertilizers and herbicides, these organic mulches pose no or little damage to the soil and crops.In this study, the effectiveness of dried papaya leaves as organic mulch for tomato was tested. Papaya mulches in different thickness were applied on plots planted with tomato in three replications. After the determined period of mulch application, the researchers application, the researchers measured the height increases of tomato plants ands the weed density in the plots. It was concluded that papaya mulch significantly promoted height increase of tomato plants and inhibited the growth of weeds. The best mulch was 3 inches in thickness.IntroductionUsually defined as the use of organic and biodegradable materials to give plants the nutrients they need, organic farming proved to be the safest and most effective method of increasing and sustaining yield. Various methods fall under organic farming, such as composting, green manuring, legume inoculating, and utilizing animal manure as fertilizers.Mulching is a simple process that increases soil fertility and regulating several factors affecting overall plant growth. In this method, a layer of material-the mulch-is placed on soil surface around the...
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...CANDLE MAKING LEAFLET NO. A531 Candle Making Margaret Bass Introduction In the past, candles were made from beeswax obtained from the honeycombs of bees or tallow produced from the suet of beef, pork, lamb etc. Nowadays candlemakers generally use candlewax blends based on paraffin wax and stearin to make candles. Beeswax is sometimes used today, but it is scarce and expensive. This booklet will explain the basic principles of candlemaking. Once mastered, the creative possibilities are limitless, and you will be able to make your own unique candles. Materials required for Candle Making Good quality paraffin wax. Wicking. Moulds. Stearin. (This is sold in the form of powdery white crystals. It is added to melted paraffin wax to make the candle more opaque. It makes white candles white, and improves the brightness of coloured candles. It also raises the melting point of wax so that the candles do not bend or sag, and it improves the burning quality of the candle). Mould sealer. Dyes. Perfume. (Not essential). Fig. 1 Page 2 Equipment required for Candle Making • • • • • Two pans, one larger than the other. Thermometer, reading to at least 100°C. Bucket or plastic bowl. (Not essential). Hammer. Newspapers, knives, scissors, spoons, old jug, saucepans. Heat source. Although domestic heating rings can be used, electric pots with thermostatic control are available, either of the 'water-jacket' or water-less type. Care and Safety The same care MUST be taken...
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...when you see candles? We associate candles with celebrations (like Christmas or birthdays) or special occasions. Candles date back to the Ancient Egyptians who are credited with making the first candles. They used torches made by soaking the spongy core of reeds in melted tallow (National Candle Association: History of Candlemaking, p. 1). | B. Tie to the audience: I’m sure that all of us at some point have used candles for celebrations, romantic experiences, or for just plain decoration. The great part about making your own candles is that they are inexpensive to make and you shape the wax into something special. What could be more special than to make someone you love a homemade gift? | C. Credibility material: Two years ago, I made candles for decoration and also for people to purchase during a medieval Madrigal dinner production that our A Cappella choir put on. I have also made candles since then as a part of my church youth group around the Christmas season. | D. Preview: I will explain three basic things which include how to go about finding the right materials, how to melt the wax, and how to make a molded ice-cube candle. | [Transition: Let’s start by doing the most important thing, which is to find all of the materials, and tools needed to make candles.] | II. Body | A. The first step is to gather the equipment you will need (The Basics and Cool Candlemaking Ideas, p. 1). | 1. You will need wax; you can either use old, worn out candles which are obviously...
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...and Mrs. Snooks are going to bed. Mrs. Snooks ask Mr. Snooks if he could blow the candle out. But he can only blow by putting his under lip over his upper lip. So his breath went up instead of blowing out the candle flame. So Mrs. Snooks get up from the bed to blow the candle out. But she can only blow by putting her upper lip over her under lip. So her breath went down to the floor. So Mrs. Snooks called her son John to come and blow out the candle. He came. John could only blow out of the right corner of his mouth. So his breath hit the wall of the room instead of the candle. So they all called for his sister, little Ann. She came. Little Ann could only blow out of the left side of her mouth. So her breath hit the wall instead of the candle. Suddenly they heard a heavy steady tread coming along the pavement. It was a policeman. Mrs. Snooks ask the policeman if he can blow out the candle. The policeman came. He came into the room were Mr. Snooks, Mrs. Snooks, John and little Ann were standing around the candle they wanted to blow out. And just with a little puff, the policeman blow out the candle at first time. All in the family thanked him. The policeman turned around and went down the stairs. “Just a moment, you musn`t go down the stairs in the dark” said Mr. Snooks. He lit the candle again. The policeman went out the door and Mr. Snooks went up to go to bed. “Would you blow out the candle?” said Mrs. Snooks to Mr. Snooks. And so on ad...
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...Chapter I Homemade Candle Cereus I. Introduction As early as the biblical times, the presence of candles is already mentioned. The first candles were made of flax thread coated with wax and pitch. Palm oil, bees wax, coconut oil, and olive oil are also used to produce these candles during the olden times. But as time passes by, there were changes that took place in candles. Not only on its appearance, but also in the materials being used to produce one. Up to the present, candles are still being used by every household and can be considered as a necessity. Knowing that a candle is a necessity for every household, researchers looked for ways to produce a candle which is cheap and at the same time environment friendly. The researchers aim to produce a product which has same quality and efficiency as commercially produced candles. Not only will it save the environment, but also the people who will be able to save money. A. Background of the Study 1. Why was the study conducted? The researchers conducted the study in order to assess the possibility of using paraffin wax versus that of commercially produced candles. Furthermore, the study aims to develop a better product than that of commercial ones. The researchers wanted to develop a cheaper and recycled candle that can be easily made at home with materials that are eco-friendly. By doing this, we can save money and mother earth. B. Statement of the Problem 1. What topic/problem was studied? The topic/problem...
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...to mind when you see candles? We associate candles with celebrations (like Christmas or birthdays) or special occasions. Candles date back to the Ancient Egyptians who are credited with making the first candles. They used torches made by soaking the spongy core of reeds in melted tallow (National Candle Association: History of Candlemaking, p. 1). B. Tie to the audience: I’m sure that all of us at some point have used candles for celebrations, romantic experiences, or for just plain decoration. The great part about making your own candles is that they are inexpensive to make and you shape the wax into something special. What could be more special than to make someone you love a homemade gift? C. Credibility material: Two years ago, I made candles for decoration and also for people to purchase during a medieval Madrigal dinner production that our A Cappella choir put on. I have also made candles since then as a part of my church youth group around the Christmas season. D. Preview: I will explain three basic things which include how to go about finding the right materials, how to melt the wax, and how to make a molded ice-cube candle. [Transition: Let’s start by doing the most important thing, which is to find all of the materials, and tools needed to make candles.] II. Body A. The first step is to gather the equipment you will need (The Basics and Cool Candlemaking Ideas, p. 1). 1. You will need wax; you can either use old, worn out candles which are obviously free...
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...Video Group Project-Decorative Candle For our group project we decided to do a How It’s Made Video about making decorative candles this video can be found at www.youtube.com. The art of decorating candles is an old German craft that takes one year of training to learning the technique in addition to become confident in making and designing the candles. The Holland House Candles Inc. is the company making these elaborate candles. Each candle has to be done in 15 minutes or the wax will be come to cool to carve. Once started, the artist will quickly and efficiently make a beautiful decorative candle. At the beginning of the process the candle maker starts by dipping the wax base into the hot wax. Each time the candle maker dips the base into the wax they have to then dip it in water to seal the color of wax and ensure that the candle is staying the temperature needed to finish and sculpt the candle. Once the candle is finished with the wax, the candle maker then cuts off the base and sculpts a mushroom candle out of it, so there is no waste. The candle maker then starts sculpting the candle. Once this process starts the candle maker only has 15 minutes before the candle becomes to cool to sculpt. She uses the cookie cutter like tool to dig out some of the middle to ensure the candle burns down the middle and not over the edges ruining the design. Then, the candle maker uses a hot pan to melt the bottom of the candle to make an even bottom to apply the company sticker. Once this...
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...their money on more. Therefore, being the leader in the market, Yankee Candle must establish their brand, expand retail and wholesale networks and introduce new fragrances. The company has a strong foundation and with its innovation, the only way to continue is by expanding. Opening more stores is a good idea for the company to continue building its brand recognition. Possibly appealing to a new target market could also be a route to take. Designing a line of products that would appeal to a younger market would be my suggestion. Perhaps even making the candles flameless, but not losing the uniqueness of the scents. Younger generations tend to like the innovation of flameless scents. Also, college dorms often do not allow candles because of fire hazards. Manufacturing flameless candles with the signature scents of YCC can eliminate this issue. Also, Aroma Naturals operates primarily as an online retailer; a good idea would be to open stores for this brand as well. I checked out their website and it is a very interesting theory of aromatherapy. “The therapeutic use of pure plant essential oils to bring well-being to both mind and body”, is an invigorating aspect to pursue. Many loyal customers of Yankee Candle value the authenticity of the product and the innovation of product development. After browsing through the Aroma Naturals website, I believe that this brand also has product innovation. Yankee Candle employed the use of multichannel distribution to gain success in the competitive...
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...Terminologies Methodology Results Conclusion I. Abstract Aim to find some alternative floor wax that can surely beat commercial ones. Banana or banana peel to be more specific is high in potassium that is commonly used ingredient in shoe polish and another, banana peel is known for its slippery effect that when both idea is combined, we can make an alternative floor wax. To recycle waste materials such as candles and banana peel into useful ones. II. Hypothesis * To know if banana peel is good to be as an alternative as a floor wax. * To conclude that banana peel is not capable to be an alternative as a floor wax. III. Terminologies Banana – (Musa paradisiaca) is an edible fruit. Peel – rind or skin Floor wax – used to polish and preserve the finish of floors. IV. Methodology *We will need the following materials before starting: * Banana peel * Used candles * Can * Kerosene * molder 1) Melt used candles in a can. 2) Add kerosene to maintain/achieve our wax consistency to prevent it to be as hard as a candle. 3) Put the banana peel into boil for 5-15 minutes. 4) Remove the banana peel 5) Pour the wax into the molder and let it cool. V. Results When applied into floors, it leaves a natural gloss and shine just like or more than your trusted commercial wax can do. VI. Conclusion I therefore conclude that banana peel is can be used as an alternative floor...
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...attraction? And it's 100% natural; no artificial colors or flavors. Boy only needs to meet girl for boy to want girl, yet some people think they have to force boy and girl together. You don't. Remember that attraction thing? If is ain't there, there's no sticking boy and girl together, no matter how much glue you use. But if there is attraction, it's like sticking a wet tongue to a flag pole—they'll stick together just fine on their own. No glue required. Really, it works. Thousands of years of trials and tests have proven it. Try it out for yourself. The same is true for the rabbit race. Rabbit race? Don't I mean rat race? No, rabbit race. The rat race is the pursuit of money and power. The rabbit race is the pursuit of...something a bit more fun than money and power combined. Still don't know what it is? Ask your more educated friends. The ones witht he stupid grins on their faces. They know what it is, and they'll have fun explaining it to you. Men and women are naturally attracted to each other like opposite ends of a magnet. Opposites attract. Negative sticks to positive. Boy sticks to girl. No glue required. So why is are busybody old ladies, senile old men, and the rest of the married population trying to get me married? What's the deal? Is there a conspiracy? Do you they win a prize if I get married? Did they lose a bet? There are a few possiblities. One: They are so happy and marriage is so wonderful that they want to share the joy with others. If this were true...
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...UCC. * He is not aware of the processes followed in manufacturing the candles. * The quality of the candles depended on the precision of the manufacturing process. A small error in measurement would damage the candles. Hence care had to be taken during the manufacturing process. Finance issues: * The daily operating costs were not known. * Uncertainty about the value of the assets such as the mould frames, property etc. * The candles were under-priced compared to the surrounding areas as the Government had fixed the sales price of the candles. * Ascertaining the profitability of the company(and hence if the business is sustainable). * Determining the requirement of capital investment in the business. HR issues: * Details of the workforce like number and their skill level etc. * Relegation of roles and responsibilities. * Fixing daily working hours and the rigor of labor expected from the employees. * Fixing the daily wages of the workers. Marketing and distribution issues: * Meeting the high demand of candles since it was the only candle making factory in the country. * Identifying the target consumers. * Should his business serve all the people of Kengolia? Was it his responsibility to ensure even distribution throughout the land? Operation issues: * Needed to understand the step-by-step procedures to be followed in manufacturing the candles. * Making an inventory of...
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