...CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examinations Economics Syllabus Effective for examinations from May/June 2010 Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to: The Pro-Registrar Caribbean Examinations Council Caenwood Centre 37 Arnold Road, Kingston 5, Jamaica, W.I. Telephone Number: (876) 920-6714 Facsimile Number: (876) 967-4972 E-mail address: cxcwzo@cxc.org Website: www.cxc.org Copyright © 2008, by Caribbean Examinations Council The Garrison, St. Michael BB 11158, Barbados CXC A20/U2/08 This document CXC A20/U2/08 replaces CXC A20/U2/03 issued in 2003. Please note that the syllabus was revised and amendments are indicated by italics and vertical lines. First Issued 2003 Revised 2008 Please check the website www.cxc.org for updates on CXC’s syllabuses. CXC A20/U2/08 Contents RATIONALE ........................................................................................................................................... 1 AIMS ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 SKILLS AND ABILITIES TO BE ASSESSED ....................................................................................... 2 PRE-REQUISITES OF THE SYLLABUS .............................................................................................. 3 STRUCTURE OF THE SYLLABUS ..............................
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...Cape Verde | “Most Improved Country” | | Introduction Cape Verde is a small country that spans ten islands and is 570 kilometers off the coast of Western Africa. There is very little rainfall per year and the land on most of the islands are of volcanic origin. On several of the islands the land is fairly flat, sandy and dry, whereas the rest of the islands are covered in rocky land. It, therefore, lacks in natural resources and has experienced severe droughts. Agriculture is made difficult by lack of rain and is restricted to only four islands for most of the year. It is ironic that the country is called “Verde” meaning “Green,” even though most of the land is not green. Due to the scarcity of agriculture, most of the nation's GDP comes from the service industry; more specifically tourism, light manufacturing industries, and fisheries. Cape Verde's economy has been steadily growing since the late 1990s, and it is now officially considered a country of average development. Through an economic analysis of Cape Verde, we will see the connections between its economy, society, and government. The analysis will recognize not only the flaws and struggles of the country, but will pose possible solutions to its problems. Government: Past and Present Learning about a country’s government is essential to figuring out their economic details. Uninhabited on their discovery in 1456, the Cape Verde islands became part of the Portuguese empire in 1495. Portuguese people began establishing...
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...1016/j.annals.2004.05.001 MARKET SEGMENTATION A Neural Network Application Jonathan Z. Bloom University of Stellenbosch, South Africa Abstract: The objective of the research is to consider a self-organizing neural network for segmenting the international tourist market to Cape Town, South Africa. A backpropagation neural network is used to complement the segmentation by generating additional knowledge based on input–output relationship and sensitivity analyses. The findings of the self-organizing neural network indicate three clusters, which are visually confirmed by developing a comparative model based on the test data set. The research also demonstrated that Cape Metropolitan Tourism could deploy the neural network models and track the changing behavior of tourists within and between segments. Marketing implications for the Cape are also highlighted. Keywords: segmentation, SOM neural network, input–output analysis, sensitivity analysis, deployment. Ó 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ´ ´ Resume: Segmentation du marche: une application du reseau neuronal. Le but de la ´ ´ recherche est de considerer un reseau neuronal auto-organisateur pour segmenter le marche ´ ´ ´ touristique international a Cape Town, en Afrique du Sud. On utilise un reseau neuronal de ` ´ retropropogation pour completer la segmentation en generant des connaissances comple´ ´ ´ ´ ´ mentaires basees sur une relation input–output et des analyses de sensibilite. Les resultats ´ ´ ´ du reseau neuronal auto-organisateur...
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...how three settlements, Cape Town; Grabouw and Stanford compare with each other. Cape Town; Grabouw and Stanford are located within the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Cape Town is a very built up area and is a major Metropolitan. Cape Town is also a break of bulk settlement and can be seen as a specialized city that is multi-functional because it serves many functions. Grabouw and Stanford are not as built up as Cape Town. They have fewer high order good and services. This places them both lower on the hierarchy of urban settlements. They can be seen as minor country towns that supply goods and services to the surrounding rural population, so they are also seen as central places. Due to Cape Town being so well built up compared to Grabouw and Stanford, It has a lot more land-use-zones that can be clearly identified. Cape Town has a large CBD with many tall, high rise buildings; situated on a grid iron street pattern; accessible but contains a lot of traffic during peak hour. Cape Towns upper residential zone has large 2-3 story houses that are situated on a planned irregular street pattern that is fairly close to the CBD, such as Higgovale. Cape town’s transition zone is situated around the oldest parts of the city, like Bo-Kaap and Buitengracht Street because of the old style small housing. Cape Town also has a light industry situated fairly close to the CBD at Paarden Island. Printing, plumbing and textile industry takes place there. Cape Town also has a decentralized...
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...The State of the Rainbow Nation by Jeff Cangialosi (2012) Following the rest of the crowd, I stood quickly as the South African national anthem began to play. I was about to watch my first rugby game at the University of the Western Cape and sitting beside me was my newest South African friend Francis. As I strained to hear the national anthem, I realized that the majority of the song was not in English but a mixture of other languages that I could not decipher. Sitting back down, I turned to Francis and asked him what languages I had just heard in the national anthem. He responded, “There are five different languages in the song brother…Xhosa, Zulu, Sesotho, Afrikaans, and English…it’s supposed to create unity, but brother, the people here, they are not unified. No one knows the words.” Language is one of the most obvious indicators of the vast diversity of South Africa. The national anthem may be composed of five different languages, but in total, the country has eleven official languages. In Cape Town, Afrikaans, English, and Xhosa are the most widely spoken languages, but as you travel across the country, you encounter many different indigenous languages. In addition to language, another marker of South Africa’s diversity is color. Infamous for its past of apartheid, South Africa is the land of people who are black, white, coloured, and Asian. Making up almost 80% of the population demographic, black South Africans are the largest racial group, but in my view...
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...throughout the region. At the end of 2007, South Africa began to experience an electricity crisis. State power supplier Eskom encountered problems with aged plants, necessitating "load-shedding" cuts to residents and businesses in the major cities. Growth was robust from 2004 to 2007 as South Africa reaped the benefits of macroeconomic stability and a global commodities boom, but began to slow in the second half of 2007 due to the electricity crisis and the subsequent global financial crisis' impact on commodity prices and demand. GDP fell nearly 2% in 2009. Unemployment remains high and outdated infrastructure has constrained growth. Daunting economic problems remain from the apartheid era - especially poverty, lack of economic empowerment among the disadvantaged groups, and a shortage of public transportation. South Africa's former economic policy was fiscally conservative, focusing on controlling inflation, and attaining a budget surplus. The current government largely follows the same prudent policies, but must contend with the impact of the global crisis and is facing growing pressure from special interest groups to use state-owned enterprises to deliver basic services to low-income areas and to increase job growth. More than a quarter of South Africa's population currently receives social grants. South Africa's geography South Africa occupies the southern tip of Africa, its long coastline stretching more than 2500km from the desert border with Namibia on the...
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...VILJOEN ET AL. 593 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Epidemiology in a South African Community: A Second Study of a Very High Prevalence Area* DENIS L. VILJOEN, M.D., J. PHILLIP GOSSAGE, PH.D.,† LESLEY BROOKE, B.S. (HONS.),† COLLEEN M. ADNAMS, M.D., F.C.P.,† KENNETH L. JONES, M.D.,† LUTHER K. ROBINSON, M.D.,† H. EUGENE HOYME, M.D.,† CUDORE SNELL, D.S.W.,† NATHANIEL C.O. KHAOLE, M.D.,† PIYADASA KODITUWAKKU, PH.D.,† KWADWO OHENE ASANTE, M.D.,† RICHARD FINDLAY, M.D.,† BARBARA QUINTON, M.D.,† ANNA-SUSAN MARAIS, R.N.,† WENDY O. KALBERG, M.A., CED,† AND PHILIP A. MAY, PH.D.† Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, National Health Laboratory Services, South Africa, and the Foundation for Alcohol Related Research ABSTRACT. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in a second primary school cohort in a community in South Africa. Method: Active case ascertainment, two-tier screening, and Institute of Medicine assessment methodology were employed among 857 first grade pupils, most born in 1993. Characteristics of children with FAS were contrasted with characteristics of a randomly selected control group from the same classrooms. Physical growth and development, dysmorphology and psychological characteristics of the children and measures of maternal alcohol use and smoking were analyzed. Results: The rate of FAS found in this study is the highest yet reported in any overall...
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...established in 1989 under the title of Baptist Training Centre. In 1995, under the directorship of Roché van Wyk the name of the organization was changed which demonstrated clearly the objective of this NGO. With unemployment rates in disadvantaged communities ranging between 30% and 70%, Learn to Earn aims to develop the skills of people living in these areas. Working especially with those that are unemployed, the organisation strives to create jobs and business opportunities for the economically and socially disadvantaged. The training offered to individuals recognize the issues that arise due to the socio-economic situation in these poverty-stricken communities and aim to address social issues such as HIV/AID, literacy and numeracy as well as teaching students practical skills. (http://www.learntoearn.org.za/OurPhilosophy.htm) Learn to Earn has training centres in Khayelitsha, Cape Town as well as in Zwelihe, near Hermanus. Since its establishment in 1989 more than 8800 people have been trained with various skills that would allow for potential employment. The core purpose of Learn to Earn is to empower individuals to provide for themselves and their families. By doing so, the training equips them with life skills to make them aware of human dignity and their human right to live a fulfilling and meaningful life based on self-respect. Some of Learn to Earn’s objectives are: * To train and develop all learners’ basic business, literacy and life skills. * To restore self-respect...
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...is primarily because of our history in trade and the fact that colonialization happened bringing many different nationalities to our shores who subsequently took root here and further interbred creating the many different cultures which we have today. Historically this led to major conflict and due to this conflict a system of apartheid was created to try and address the differences in cultural issues and supposedly to create harmony amongst the separate groups by living in separation. As we now know in hind sight however apartheid was certainly not a solution and was a major violation of the human rights of the African races and even now twenty years after the fall of apartheid, we are still dealing with the residue social problems and economic differences and struggling to find a way to exist cooperatively and peacefully together. This research article therefore is based on what could be a perfect example of what happens when the government attempts to provide one major service for a geographical area which includes three very distinct sub groups and races. Due to out history of apartheid, our society is unfortunately not equal and some groups are economically more advantaged than others. No one group however can and should be discriminated against when it comes to integrated governmental services and the only way to provide one service for all without conflicts arising is to identify the differences and similarities in the needs of the different groups and to find a way to...
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...Cape Verde Cape Verde is located on the West coast of Africa. The capital of Cape Verde is Praia. Cape Verde is Republican. Cape Verde gained its’ independence on July 5th 1975 (from Portugal). Cape Verde is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean which helps them trade their main export, fish. It’s mostly known for its’ native music. Cape Verde is currently a popular tourist destination in warm waters and scenic beaches. Cape Verde is home to the Tarrafall de Monte, Trigo River, Brava volcano, fogovolcano, and many other landforms and bodies of water. Unoccupied on their discovery in 1456, the Cape Verde islands became part of the Portuguese empire in 1495. A majority of the people who live there today are mixed Portuguese and African ancestry. Positioned on the great trade routes between Africa, Europe, and the New World (The United State of America), the islands became a wealthy center for the slave trade but suffered economic problems after the slave trade was abolished in 1876. In the 20th century, Cape Verde served as a shipping port. In 1951, Cape Verde's status changed from a Portuguese colony to overseas colonies, and in 1961 the land became full Portuguese citizens. An independence movement led by the African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau (another former Portuguese colony) and Cape Verde was founded in 1956. On Jan. 13, 1991, the first multi-party elections, since independence, resulted in the ruling African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV)...
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...White of UCT) and the municipality drew on the services of a French planner E.E. Beaudouin, who was given leave from the army by the French government who considered it an honour for France to have him working in Cape Town. He brought French influence including a love of sweeping vistas and wide boulevards. Dredging and land-filling began in 1937 and progressed steadily until the largest dry dock in the southern hemisphere was opened with much fanfare in 1945. The development of the foreshore in the 1950s and 60s was plagued by disagreement about priorities. Among these were the need to ensure good traffic flow, the desire for broad boulevards and an open vista for the 'Gateway to Africa'. The resulting compromise were wide roads that cut the foreshore up into windy stretches and asphalt and concrete car parks that were inaccessible to pedestrians. Gaps between skyscrapers created wind tunnels that could blow buses over. The result was a virtually lifeless city centre in the evenings, with the exception of a few bars and restaurants popular with visiting sailors, and prostitutes standing on street corners. With the success of the Waterfront the development of the foreshore began to gather fresh impetus. Very large hotels were built in the late 1990s, and the impressive Cape Town International Convention Centre opened in late 2003. The city planted trees and improved the windswept 'Herrengracht' boulevard. Modern office blocks filled in the formally desolate gaps. At last the foreshore...
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...information about management and HR qualities. Interactive Intelligence organized last April three PureCloud® launches in Durban, Cape Town and Johannesburg. The unique PureCloud EngageSM architecture, along with its advanced functionality, fast deployment and simple month to month subscription terms offers contact centers accelerated business impact, more consistent outcomes, and the most innovative customer and agent experience. With around 300 attendees in total and official press announcements in South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, Uganda, Zimbabwe and Botswana, Interactive Intelligence established a real momentum in the African customer engagement business. Interactive Intelligence organized last April three PureCloud® launches in Durban, Cape Town and Johannesburg. The unique PureCloud EngageSM architecture, along with its advanced functionality, fast deployment and simple month to month subscription terms offers contact centers accelerated business impact, more consistent outcomes, and the most innovative customer and agent experience. With around 300 attendees in total and official press announcements in South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, Uganda, Zimbabwe and Botswana, Interactive Intelligence established a real momentum in the African customer engagement business. Interactive Intelligence organized last April three PureCloud® launches in Durban, Cape Town and Johannesburg. The unique PureCloud EngageSM architecture, along with its advanced functionality, fast deployment and simple...
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...Stretching for 294km around the Southern coast of Africa (City of Cape Town), Cape Town is a very special place. The Mother City is one of the most biologically diverse areas in the world and is home to the Cape Floristic Region, a protected World Heritage Site (SANParks). Cape Town has a Mediterranean climate. Table Mountain and the cold Benguella Current of the South Atlantic Ocean, among others, have an impact on local climate (Encyclopaedia Britannica). The different ecosystems rely on warm and cold temperatures, winds, rainfall, and even fire to flourish. Due to historical issues such as Apartheid, the almost 4 million residents of Cape Town (City of Cape Town) are often times racially divided in terms of physical housing locations. Some areas are much more impoverished than others, causing the effects of climate change to be felt more intensely and mitigation efforts to be more difficult (Ziervogel, Shale and Du). Climate change is largely attributed to global warming. In a nutshell, this involves greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide to collect and form a layer in the atmosphere. The sun’s heat is then trapped in the atmosphere, causing a rise in the planet’s average temperature (NRDC). This collection of meteorological phenomena poses threats to the planet and the people living in it. Three different effects of climate change in Cape Town will be discussed, explaining the factors leading up to these, how the local people are affected, as well as mitigation efforts...
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...Violence has been a part of ice hockey since at least the early 1900s. According to the book Hockey: A People's History, in 1904 alone, four players were killed during hockey games from the frequent brawls and violent stick work. Fighting in ice hockey is an established tradition of the sport in North America, with a long history involving many levels of amateur and professional play and including some notable individual fights. While officials tolerate fighting during hockey games, they impose a variety of penalties on players who engage in fights. Unique to North American professional team sports, the National Hockey League (NHL) and most minor professional leagues in North America do not eject players outright for fighting but major European and collegiate hockey leagues do. The debate over allowing fighting in ice hockey games is ongoing. Despite its potentially negative consequences, such as heavier enforcers knocking each other out, some administrators are not considering eliminating fighting from the game, as some players consider it essential. Additionally, the majority of fans oppose eliminating fights from professional hockey games. Examples In an NHL preseason game between the Boston Bruins and St. Louis Blues on September 21, 1969 Bruins defenseman Ted Green and Blues left wing Wayne Maki, attacking Green, engaged in a bloody stick-swinging fight that resulted in Green sustaining a skull fracture and brain damage, forcing him to miss the entire season of 1969–70...
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...Aldridge Motlhabane Profile First Year Student currently studying Marketing at Cape Peninsula University of Technology. I am very keen to & prepared to work in a variety of roles as required. No matter how small it is. Education 2014 – Present; Cape Peninsula University of Technology studying; Marketing 2013- Studied Matric at Abbots College, Claremont, Cape Town 2008-2012- Studied IGCSE at Maru-A-Pula High School (Botswana, Gaborone) Highers; Information and Technology (A), English (A), Maths (B), Biology (C), Physics (C) 8 Standard Grades including Maths, English, Business & Physics RELEVANT SKILLS Communication: - Found different ways of explaining things to help Year 9 students with their homework. -Easy to meet other individuals and communicate well with them. -Kind outgoing personality which individuals can get to know very easily. - Presented project work both individually and as part of a team during my studies during IGCSE and Matric. This involved preparing PowerPoint slides, delivering a presentation to a varied audience and producing a written report. Teamwork: - Play football, Rugby, helping and supporting the team to do their best by encouraging others even when we are not playing well. Regularly attended training sessions to help coach the junior teams. - Worked with a production crew to produce a promotional video and help market their brand for them to be recognised by their target groups which also involved a lot...
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