...Capital Market the market, or realistically, the group of interrelated markets, in which capital in financial form is lent or borrowed for medium and long term and, in cases such as equities, for unspecified periods. The capital markets, in distinction from other parts of the financial market ie, the money markets, are those for long-term government securities, corporate bonds, stocks, municipal bonds issued by state and local government units, and mortgages. industry and commerce as well as government and local authorities raise capital from the capital market which performs several important functions in the process of economic development. Most important among them are the promotion of savings and investment and efficient allocation of funds among competing uses. Participants in the capital markets are many. They include the commercial banks, saving and loan associations, credit unions, mutual saving banks, finance houses, finance companies, merchant bankers, discount houses, venture capital companies, leasing companies, investment banks, investment companies, investment clubs, pension funds, stock exchanges, security companies, underwriters, portfolio-managers, and insurance companies. Capital market in Bengal was founded during the Mughal regime in the early 17th century. Although in a limited scale, there were money and capital market activities in Suba-e-Bangala throughout the 17th century. Bengal under the nawabs was fairly developed in trade and communication. An historian...
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...Term Paper on Taxation A tax holiday is a temporary reduction or elimination of a tax. Governments usually create tax holidays as incentives for business investment. The taxes that are most commonly reduced by national and local governments are sales taxes. In developing countries, governments sometimes reduce or eliminate corporate taxes for the purpose of attracting Foreign Direct Investment or stimulating growth in selected industries. Tax holiday is given in respect of particular activities, and sometimes also only in particular areas with a view to develop that area of business. A government incentive program that offers a tax reduction or elimination to businesses. Tax holidays are often used to reduce sales taxes by local governments, but they are also commonly used by governments in developing countries to help stimulate foreign investment. If, in the midst of sorting receipts and studying the latest changes in the US income tax laws, you suddenly wonder "What is the origin of this annual ritual in the weeks leading up to April 15th?" here are some places you can go for answers. The origin of the income tax on individuals is generally cited as the passage of the 16th Amendment, passed by Congress on July 2, 1909, and ratified February 3, 1913; however, its history actually goes back even further. During the Civil War Congress passed the Revenue Act of 1861 which included a tax on personal incomes to help pay war expenses. The tax was repealed ten years later. However...
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...Every year the imperialists’ influence on Bangladesh becomes apparent when the Bangladesh Development Forum (previously known as Paris Consortium) meeting is held. This year this meeting was held on May 16 and 17 in Dhaka. In these meetings Finance Minister, Saifur Rahman, met the so-called ‘development partners’ (IMF/World Bank and others) who gathered to pledge money (loan and aid) to help develop the nation. The meetings were hailed a great success as $2 billion in aid were promised to Bangladesh over 3 years. Our governments boast at the amount of funds they can manage from the donor agencies. They present their ability to get money from these donor agencies as a sign of their brinkmanship and claim that this is the only way to solve the nation’s economic problems. In this paper, Hizb ut-Tahrir, Bangladesh exposes the oppressive capitalist nature of the budget and shows how the entire economy of Bangladesh, through a complex package of measures, is being brought under the total grip of the imperialists. ! " # $ % & ' Every year when the budget is presented, one of the most common discussions is that revenue target has not been achieved. Tax is the main source of revenue in Bangladesh (around 95% of total Government of Bangladesh GOB revenue), especially import duties (around 66% of tax revenue). Contribution of VAT (including import) currently stands above 40%. In the name of reform of tax regimes and restructuring of the tax administration, the GOB reduces the...
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...Skip to content HOME BLOG A2 GEOGRAPHY Discuss the roles and relative importance of NICs and TNCs in a changing global economy. Discuss the roles and relative importance of NICs and TNCs in a changing global economy. An economy is the activities related to the production of goods and services within a specified geographic region. This can exist on a national scale, the trade and services within a country, but equally, if countries trade goods and services with each other, their economies interact, it can happen on a global scale, this is known as globalisation. This interaction of economies on a worldwide scale is else known as the global economy, and NICs and TNCs play a fundamental role in changing how it operates. An ‘NIC’, else known as a ‘newly industrialising country’ is a country where industrial production has grown sufficiently for it to become a major source of their income as a nation. A ‘TNC’ is a company that operates in at least two countries. They often have management headquarters in their home country and operate in host countries alongside; examples would include GlaxoSmithKline, BP, Wal-Mart and Coca-Cola. NICs are having a prominent impact on sculpting the global economy. They are characterised by the fact that they are gaining an increasing share of the world manufacturing output, a significant growth in their manufactured export production and a significant annual growth in their manufacturing sector. The first generation of NICs were,...
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...Analysis of Changing Roles of Bangladesh Bank: Industrialization perspective 1. Introduction The vision of the Bangladesh Bank is to develop continually as a forward looking central bank with competent and committed professionals of high ethical standards, conduct monetary management and financial sector supervision to maintain price stability and financial system robustness, support rapid broad based inclusive economic growth, employment generation and poverty eradication in Bangladesh. The mission is to formulate monetary and credit policies, manage currency issue and regulate payment system, manage foreign exchange reserves and regulate the foreign exchange market, regulate and supervise banks and financial institutions and advise the government on interactions and impacts of fiscal, monetary and other economic policies. Bangladesh Bank maintains an interest rate structure that provides fair return on financial assets, supports growth in the real sector and promotes development of markets in bond and securities. The central bank provides precise prudential regulatory, risk management and disclosure framework to protect solvency and liquidity of individual institutions and stability of the overall financial system, acting as lender of last resort if and when needed. The central bank maintains liquidity conditions and credit policies ensuring adequate credit flows at market driven flexible interest rates for all productive economic activities,...
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...(Souza, 1999, p.1). However, it can be argued that Taylor’s greatest contribution to capitalism was not the revolution itself, but how Taylorism brought about the era of competition and syncretism with contrasting or corresponding concepts on organisational management and workplace practices, particularly Fordism, which arguably extended the dynamics of Taylorism centered on the use of assembly line. This essay will examine how Fordism developed organisational management and modified workplace practices by exploring known historical application of its principles and theories. Thereupon, it will further analyse how elements of Fordism still exist in modern management sciences, taking example from Nike’s organizational system and Bangladesh sweatshops. How Fordism changed Organisational Management and Workplace Practices First of all, it is essential to explore the pre-Ford era to understand the changes Ford instilled in workplace practices. The pre-Ford era mainly involved skilled craft workers operating...
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...Development of Apparel Industry in Bangladesh Garment Industry Large-scale production of readymade garments (RMG) in organised factories is a relatively new phenomenon in Bangladesh. Until early sixties, individual tailors made garments as per specifications provided by individual customers who supplied the fabrics. The domestic market for readymade garment, excepting children wears and men's knit underwear (genji) was virtually non-existent in Bangladesh until the sixties. Since the late 1970s, the RMG industry started developing in Bangladesh primarily as an export-oriented industry although, the domestic market for RMG has been increasing fast due to increase in personal disposable income and change in life style. The sector rapidly attained high importance in terms of employment, foreign exchange earnings and its contribution to GDP. In 1999, the industry employed directly more than 1.4 million workers, about 80% of whom were female. With the growth of RMG industry, linkage industries supplying fabrics, yarns, accessories, packaging materials, etc. have also expanded. In addition, demand for services like transportation, banking, shipping and insurance has increased. All these have created additional employment. The total indirect employment created by the RMG industry in Bangladesh is estimated to be some 200,000 workers. In addition to its economic contribution, the expansion of the RMG industry has caused noticeable social changes by bringing more than 1.12 million...
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...economic indicators of Bangladesh economy Introduction The Bangladesh economy has experienced both macro-economic stability and robust economic growth following the transition to a democratic rule in the early of 1990s. In the backdrop of the deep macro-economic crisis of the late 1980s, a series of stabilization measures were introduced in the Bangladesh economy which largely restored macro-economic stability in the early 1990s. Economic growth in Bangladesh averaged 6.3 percent during financial year (FY) 04-07. The economy has once again proved its resilience in achieving stronger than expected growth despite having to contend with the adverse effects of unfavorable weather conditions in financial year (FY) 04, the subsequent sharp price increase in oil and other essential imported commodities and periods of political unrest and uncertainty. Sustained gross domestic production (GDP) growth coupled with strong growth in exports and remittance has led to a marked improvement in the fiscal and balance of payments position and substantial improvements in the economic fundamentals necessary for macroeconomic stability. However, the rise in the inflation rate and further evidence of income inequality have tempered growth's direct impact on the quality of life. Macro Economic indicators In the past decade, Bangladesh enjoyed a positive growth rate in GDP and other macro economic indicators. As the most densely populated country in the world, Bangladesh is facing the problems...
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...country to a predominantly trading country is one of the major achievements of the 1990s. The structural shift from primary to manufacturing exports, from resource-based to process based exportables and from the traditional jute-centric to the emergent RMG-centric export is remarkable by any standard. Over the same period the country had also to import an increasing amount of production and non-production related commodities. Increasing exports have allowed the country to service a large part of this growing import demand without seriously undermining the balance of payments position of the country and the country's debt servicing record. Consequently, in view of the increasing degree of openness of the Bangladesh economy, factors such as competitiveness of the external sector, market access capacity and ability for strengthened global integration are becoming key determinants in terms of not only the performance of the external sector but also the overall growth and development of the country. The present...
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...Revenue Mobilisation and Economic Growth Bangladesh Economic Update November 2013 Bangladesh Economic Update Volume 4, No. 11, November 2013 Acknowledgement Bangladesh Economic Update is a monthly publication of the Economic Policy Unit of Unnayan Onneshan, a multidisciplinary research organisation based in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A team works under the guidance of Rashed Al Mahmud Titumir, comprising Shahida Pervin and Abid Feroz Khan. © Copyright: Unnayan Onneshan The content of this publication may be reproduced for noncommercial purposes with proper citation (please send output to the address mentioned below). Any other form of reproduction, storage in a retrieval system or transmission by any means for commercial purposes, requires permission from the Unnayan Onneshan. For orders and request, please contact: UNNAYAN ONNESHAN 16/2, Indira Road, Farmgate Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh Tell: + (880-2) 8158274, 9110636 Fax: + (880-2) 8159135 E-mail: info@unnayan.org Web: www.unnayan.org Bangladesh Economic Update, November 2013 Page | 2 1.INTRODUCTION This issue of Bangladesh Economic Update probes into the tax system of Bangladesh in the backdrop of falling investment, missing revenue target and growing pressure on revenue. This issue of Bangladesh Economic Update probes into the tax system of Bangladesh in the backdrop of falling investment, missing revenue target and growing pressure on revenue. Bangladesh has comparatively lower tax to GDP ratio, even compared to most of its...
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...The Role of Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission Course Name : Financial Institution and Market Course Code: Fin-335 , Sec: 1 Prepared for Prof. Tanvir Ahmed Chowdhury Chairman, Department of Business Administration East West University Prepared by Holistic Heroes Submission Date: 25th March, 2014 Group Profile Department Of Business Administration Letter of Transmittal 25th March 2014 Prof. Tanvir Ahmed Chowdhury Chairman Department of Business Administration East West University Dear Sir, It gives us immense pleasure to present our term paper on the topic “ An Analysis on Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission, for the course Financial Institution and Market (FIN_335). By doing this paper we have learned a lot practical issues regarding BSEC , Capital Market, Stock Market, Bond Market etc and we think that will help us in our near future. We would like to thank you for your valuable guidance in every problem we had the precious time that you give us. We will be available for any further clarification required and requesting to accept our term paper. Thank you Sincerely All the Members of Holistic Heroes Syed Md. Fakruuddin Nahid Hasan Sayma Sultana Al Mumtahina Shuovy Asma Sultana Nusrat Sharmin Eva Table of content | Page no | Introduction | 6 | 1.0.0 Bangladesh Securities and Exchanges Commission | 7 | 1.2.0 Function of BSEC | 9 | 2.0.0 Capital Market | 10-13 | 3...
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...rdhakshinamoorthy@hotmail.com Abstract Education is undergoing constant changes under the effects of globalisation. The effects of globalisation on education bring rapid developments in technology and communications are foreseeing changes within learning systems across the world as ideas, values and knowledge, changing the roles of students and teachers, and producing a shift in society from industrialisation towards an information-based society. It reflects the effect on culture and brings about a new form of cultural imperialism. The rise of new cultural imperialism is shaping children, the future citizens of the world into ‘global citizens’, intelligent people with a broad range of skills and knowledge to apply to a competitive, information based society. Globalisation and technological advancements are delivering and increasing access to the world and subsequently subjects should reflect this global outlook. The internationalisation of higher education can be linked to various internal and external changes in the international system. Externally, there have been changes in the labour market, which have resulted in calls for more knowledge and skilled workers, and workers with deeper understandings of languages, cultures and business methods all over the world. Education is becoming more invaluable to individuals. In today's environment, education provides individuals with a better chance of employment, which in turn leads to a better lifestyle, power and status. The commodification...
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...INTERNSHIP REPORT Dept. of Business Administration Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet. i INTERNSHIP REPORT Role of ICB in the Development of Capital Market in Bangladesh: A Performance Evaluation of ICB Sponsored Mutual Funds COURSE CODE: BAN 400 COURSE TITLE: INTERNSHIP SUPERVISOR MS. NAFSANIATH FATHEMA Lecturer Department of Business Administration Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet. SUBMITTED BY MUHAMMAD ABUL LYSE 4th Year 2nd Semester (2nd Batch) Reg No: 0099730014 Dept. of Business Administration Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet Date of Submission: July 09, 2006 ii LETTER OF CERTIFICATE Date July 09, 2006 It is an immense pleasure for me to certify that this internship report entitled “ Role of ICB in the Development of Capital Market in Bangladesh: A Performance Evaluation of ICB sponsored Mutual Funds” submitted to the department of Business Administration, Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet is an original work done by Muhammad Abul Lyse, a student of BBA 2nd Batch of Department of Business Administration, bearing the Registration number 0099730014. He has successfully completed the internship program at Investment Corporation of Bangladesh (ICB) and prepared this report on the aforesaid title under my supervision. I wish him every success in his endeavors. Signature: ………………………… Ms. Nafsaniath Fathema Lecturer, Dept. of Business Administration...
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...The Potentialities and Sustainability of Export Processing Zones in a Competitve Environment in an Integrated Economy:Evidence from Tanzania By Joseph S.Kiria Introduction and Background Proposed research is literally about potentiality of Export Processing Zones (EPZs) in achieving strategic objectives envisaged in the national vision development objectives in Tanzania. Study explores the potentiality and sustainability of EPZ as a development strategy in the context of linkage with Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and its benefits in a competitive environment. An understanding of this subject is important for at least four reasons.Firstly, government spends part of its limited budget through fiscal incentives to subsidize EPZs. This is a revenue loss to the governemnt, and such budgetary impact have implications on other government development programmes. Secondly, though EPZs strategy may look impressive, it may be constrained by the level of competiton created by liberalization, therefore, identifying challenges and limitations facing the regime in the competitive environment encouraged by free trade regime is important to enhance its sustainability.Thirdly, there is evidence elsewhere that it is mainly cheap labour and excellent infrastructure but not fiscal incenntives that attract export-oriented FDI.A proof will provide a lesson and new experince in the context of this study.Lastly, Tanzania experience on EPZ has not been explored enough partly due to the newness...
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