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Carbonyl

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17.0 CARBONYL COMPOUNDS:

ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

17.1 Introduction

◆ Aldehydes and ketones are carbonyl compounds

◆ The functional group : [pic]

|Aldehyde |ketone |
| | |
|[pic] |[pic] |

17.2 Nomenclature

◆ The longest continuous carbon chain with -CHO group gives the parent name.

◆ Aldehydes : the -e ending is replaced by –al

◆ Ketones : the –e ending is replaced by –one.

◆ The chain is numbered in the direction that provides the lower number for the functional group.

Example

|butanal |[pic] |
|2-ethyl-4-methylpentanal |[pic] |
|3,5-dimethyl-2-hexanone |[pic] |

IUPAC nomenclature and common names of some carbonyl compounds.

|Compound |Structure formula | IUPAC nomenclature |Common name |
|Aldehyde | H2C=O

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