...Research Paper: Toxicant MOS 5425 – Advanced Toxicology 2/3/2015 Background This paper will compare and contrast a toxin that affects the nervous system, one that affects the endocrine system and another that affects the cardiovascular system. Identify the characteristics that are shared by these toxins and characteristics of these toxins make these toxins vulnerable to toxicity of these specific systems? Central Nervous System Environmental contamination has exposed humans to various metal agents, including mercury. This exposure is more common than expected, and the health consequences of such exposure remain unclear. Mercury in the past was used in a numerous different activities, and now, exposure to this metal from both natural and artificial sources is significantly increasing. According to Azevedo, et al (2012), numerous studies show that high exposure to mercury can induce the following changes to humans such as the central nervous system, potentially resulting in irritability, fatigue, behavioral changes, tremors, headaches, hearing and cognitive loss, dysarthria, incoordination, hallucinations, and death. Endocrine System According to the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, Endocrine disruptors are found in synthetic chemicals used in industrial solvents, lubricants, and their byproducts such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), and dixons. Other examples of endocrine disruptors include bisphenol A (BPA)...
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...Data to Knowledge Analysis Patricia Warble University of Maryland April 26, 2015 Data to Knowledge Analysis It is estimated that at least 94% of the U. S. population have at least one cardiovascular/stroke risk factor, with major risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, obesity) in at least 38% (Roger, et al., 2012). The presence of peripheral arterial or carotid disease detected during community cardiovascular screening changes risk stratification. Evidence-based treatment guidelines, such as aspirin and statin use can be implemented in those with risk factors to minimize the risk of a life threatening or debilitating health event such as myocardial infarction or stroke. The Dare to Care (DTC) program is a community cardiovascular screening program that utilizes ultrasound to screen for carotid atherosclerosis and abdominal aneurysm, in addition to peripheral arterial disease, hypertension (HTN), and self-report risk factor assessment. A clinical question of interest: How effective is a community cardiovascular screening program in identifying persons with subclinical atherosclerosis, who are at risk and not on appropriate preventative treatments such as aspirin and statins? The purpose of this paper is to identify potential data sources, discuss data access implications, and identify strengths and weaknesses of data sets and identity potential data analysis testing tools. Potential Data Sources The DTC program utilizes an old FoxPro SQL database...
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...Homocysteine and The Cardiovascular System Abstract Cardiovascular disease is considered to be the leading cause of death to date. There are many factors that contribute to cardiovascular disease. Some factors are conventional and straightforward, while others are unconventional and overlooked (Dwivedi, Tripathi, Shukla, Khan, Chauhan, 2011). Homocysteine is an amino acid found in the body that helps to build and maintain tissue. High levels of homocysteine have been linked to endothelial damage to the blood vessels. This damage can lead to plaque formation, thus atherosclerosis can ensue (American Heart Association, 2012). Although there are many causes of hyperhomocysteinemia, research has shown that nutritional replacement has helped to lower the level. Folic acid and B vitamins have shown to decrease homocysteine levels and thus help decrease plaque formation. Patients with high levels of homocysteine are instructed to include folic acid and b vitamins in their diet, restrict methionine, and exercise. Homocysteine is an unconventional risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and can also be used as a risk marker (Milani & Lavi, 2008). Homocysteine and The Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular disease involves all the diseases that affect the heart and vessels. There are many different diseases that affect the cardiovascular system. Atherosclerosis is one of these diseases. Atherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of soft, fatty and fibrinous...
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...Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease Snoring is a common disorder that affects millions of people around the world. Snoring occurs during sleep and most people who snores do not realize that they snore, unless told by others who hear them produce a snoring sound. Even though normal snoring is not dangerous to human health, having repeated breathing stops during the snoring process can be life threatening to the snorer. According to the American Heart Association (2012) study, having repeated breathing stops during the snoring process is dangerous and can result in the development of cardiovascular problems and even death. This condition is known as sleep apnea. In this respect, an individual with sleep apnea experiences repeated breathing stops for as many as thirty times in an hour when asleep. Such episodes are dangerous for the snorer since it increases the risk of developing heart failure, high blood pressure, stroke, and arrhythmia. Research shows that one in every five people suffers from sleep apnea. America, in particular, has one of the highest incidences of people with the disease. According to Lettieri (2010), about 15 million adults suffer from obstructive sleep apnea in America. The majority of people with sleep apnea are patients with cardiovascular problems and hypertension. As earlier mentioned, this condition is life threatening and require early treatment. This document will examine the historical evidence of the disease, its causes, and its clinical effects...
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...| Syllabus College of Natural Sciences HCA/240 Version 4 Health and Diseases | Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course introduces the student to the basic principles of illness and disease commonly seen in the health care environment. Topics may include infectious and noninfectious diseases, environmental health, and the promotion of good health practices. In addition, students will be introduced to common disease and medical procedure terminology. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Zelman, M., Tompary, E., Raymond, J., Holdaway, P., & Mulvihill, M. (2010). Human diseases: A systemic approach (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One: Introduction to Human Health and Disease | | Details | Due | Points | ...
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...Volume 3, number 2 What is critical appraisal? Sponsored by an educational grant from AVENTIS Pharma Alison Hill BSC FFPHM FRCP Director, and Claire Spittlehouse BSc Business Manager, Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, Institute of Health Sciences, Oxford q Critical appraisal is the process of systematically examining research evidence to assess its validity, results and relevance before using it to inform a decision. q Critical appraisal is an essential part of evidence-based clinical practice that includes the process of systematically finding, appraising and acting on evidence of effectiveness. q Critical appraisal allows us to make sense of research evidence and thus begins to close the gap between research and practice. q Randomised controlled trials can minimise bias and use the most appropriate design for studying the effectiveness of a specific intervention or treatment. q Systematic reviews are particularly useful because they usually contain an explicit statement of the objectives, materials and methods, and should be conducted according to explicit and reproducible methodology. q Randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews are not automatically of good quality and should be appraised critically. www.evidence-based-medicine.co.uk Prescribing information is on page 8 1 What is critical appraisal What is critical appraisal? Critical appraisal is one step in the process of evidence-based clinical practice. Evidencebased clinical practice...
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...Hispanic race is growing in the United States which will add to the diverse old population. This growth change will create difficulties for policy makers and programs such as Social Security and Medicare. Both Social Security and Medicare are necessary for the elderly to survive. We need to ensure that our government enacts legislation that helps us and preserves our way of life, most important, Social Security and Medicare. Because there is less funds given toward the elderly through Social Security and Medicare, there are people working through their retirement years in order to survive. There are seven health challenges related to aging; Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome, Arthritis, Osteoporosis and Falls, Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease also known as CVD, Vision and Hearing Loss, and Memory and Emotional Well-being. Two trends that will increase...
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...SBI4U ISP Part II: Genetic Technology Research Paper Embryonic Stem Cell Use Abstract: Researchers discovered that embryonic stem cells could be originated from early human embryos. This discovery has raised a series of ethical and public-policy questions that are now being confronted by multiple international organizations, nations, cultures, and religious traditions. This essay surveys policies for human embryonic stem cell research in four regions of the world, reports on the recent debate at the United Nations about one type of such research, and reviews the positions that various religious traditions have adopted regarding this novel type of research. In several instances the religious traditions seem to have influenced the public-policy debates. There are many ways in which human stem cells can be used in research and the clinic. Studies of the medical use of Embyonic Stem cells will yield information about the complex events that occur during human development. A primary goal of this work is to identify how undifferentiated stem cells become the differentiated cells that form the tissues and organs. Scientists know that turning genes on and off is central to this process. Some of the most serious medical conditions, such as cancer and birth defects, are due to abnormal cell division and differentiation. A more complete understanding of the genetic and molecular controls of these processes may yield information about how such diseases arise and suggest new strategies...
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...preventable diseases. They are caused by various factors which may include diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking cigarettes, obesity and overweight. These diseases are controllable by one managing their own lifestyles and living a healthy life. The issue being looked in this context is to reduce the community health problems. (Kvan, 2008) The goal of the nursing assessments is to improve the various health care systems in various communities and hence improve the quality of life. This is done through treatment of risk factors which cause heart diseases. The only hope about heart diseases and stroke is that, an early detection of any cardiovascular diseases can be easily treated. The community development programs prevent the reoccurrence of repeated cardiovascular diseases.(Lloyd, 2010) However, this is not an easy task. First, controlling the factors which majorly contribute to stroke and heart diseases is posing a great challenge to medical practitioners. For example, cholesterol levels in cardiovascular system leads to high blood pressure. It is one of the major...
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...Optimal Health and Wellness Aaron-John P McDonald COM/172 February 21, 2014 Robert Eakins Optimal Health and Wellness . A better understanding about how our bodies and minds function has been better observed by scientists and brought to the attention of the general public. Research has introduced three elements of health and wellness and how nutrition and fitness as active parts of our lives. Research has also discovered ways for preventing major diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Preventing awful effects in our environment and protecting the immune system is part of action plans researchers have discovered to play an important role in improved physical health and wellness. Physical Health It is important to get enough rest and sleep our body needs to rest to be able to function properly. Exercise is essential because it gives us strength, endurance, and a healthy body. That is why we should maintain a healthy weight so our body can fight other risk factors. Physical Health helps control weight and reduces the risk of Cardio-Vascular Disease (CVD) CVD disease (Donatelle, 2011). With exercise we can also reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and some cancers. But most of all it increase our chances of living longer and having better emotional health. Emotional Health People who are emotionally healthy are able to handle life's challenges, build strong relationships, and recover from setbacks from life. It requires effort stability to build and maintain emotional health...
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...professionals | Possible use | 1 | American lung associationhttp://www.breathing.orgAmerican association for cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitationhttp://www.aacvpr.orgThe national Jewish medical and research Centrehttp:www.national jewish.org | The purpose of above resources is to provide information to health care professional information on chronic pulmonary diseases, some treatment options and available links.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:Anatomy of the respiratory system consists of two parts: includes upper respiratory tract consists of nose, nasal cavity, sinuses and trachea.The lower respiratory tract consists of bronchi. Bronchioles and alveoli(neighbors, m, &tanehill,.,j 2006)Causes of chronic pulmonary disease:Long term exposure to lung irritants for example smoking, air pollution, chemical fumes, dust (U.S. Department of national lung and blood institute).Statics on COPD diseaseChronic pulmonary disease claims approximately 118, 171 people annually this number increased to 127,000 in 2005, recent studies indicate COPD could be the leading cause of death by the year 2020 in the Unites States of America( American lung association 2004). Men and women are 12-13 times likely to die from chronic pulmonary disease respectively (American lung association.)Diagnostic testingchest examinations using a stethoscope, listen to lungs sounds like a paper being rumbled. Bronchoscopy is a procedure to look into lung passages, placing a probe on middle finger or ear...
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...Blood Doping Biology Research Paper Samantha Reid University Seven time consecutive Tour De France champion and yellow rubber band seller of the decade openly admitted to blood doping. His name was Lance Armstrong and not only did he live through cancer, but he was one of the greatest athletes the world has ever known. His list of achievement goes on until his banishment for professional racing and the stripping of his titles. He admitted to using banned substances including steroids and blood doping in an interview with Oprah Winfrey on January 17, 2013. Why would a man with so many accomplishments cheat the system with prohibited procedures and the use of illegal performance drugs? The three topics that rise in answering why Lance Armstrong blood doped is explaining what blood doping is, the advantage and disadvantages of it and drug use in profession sports. To describe what blood doping is one must first understand some key terms. Hemoglobin is a red protein responsible for carrying oxygen in your blood. Another key term is the cardiovascular system and this is an organ system that distributes the blood throughout the body to deliver nutrients and remove waste. And the respiratory system is the organ system that carries out gas exchange in your body. These three things all work together hand in hand like a smooth operating clock. The respiratory system gets the oxygen from the air and transports it to the blood carried in the hemoglobin. The oxygen enriched hemoglobin...
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...Optimal Health and Wellness Aaron-John P McDonald COM/172 February 21, 2014 Robert Eakins Optimal Health and Wellness . A better understanding about how our bodies and minds function has been better observed by scientists and brought to the attention of the general public. Research has introduced three elements of health and wellness and how nutrition and fitness as active parts of our lives. Research has also discovered ways for preventing major diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Preventing awful effects in our environment and protecting the immune system is part of action plans researchers have discovered to play an important role in improved physical health and wellness. Physical Health It is important to get enough rest and sleep our body needs to rest to be able to function properly. Exercise is essential because it gives us strength, endurance, and a healthy body. That is why we should maintain a healthy weight so our body can fight other risk factors. Physical Health helps control weight and reduces the risk of Cardio-Vascular Disease (CVD) CVD disease (Donatelle, 2011). With exercise we can also reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and some cancers. But most of all it increase our chances of living longer and having better emotional health. Emotional Health People who are emotionally healthy are able to handle life's challenges, build strong relationships, and recover from setbacks from life. It requires effort stability to build and maintain emotional health...
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...Memo To: New Health Medical Systems management From: Date: Re: Evaluation of the staffing strategy Section 1- Introduction The following memo will evaluate New Health Medical Systems staffing strategy to determine how well it aligns with the new strategic goal and the requirement to fill 35 new positions. An innovative staffing strategy is to be generated by the director of staffing which involves: • Placement of ads in the local dailies • Approach staffing agencies specializing in placing technicians in hospitals • Organize job fairs and encourage local talent to attend • Offer a signing bonus of $1,000 to any person who joins the company and works for a minimum of 6 months I will also address any changes or additional recommendations that should be done to the staffing strategy in order to meet the organizations goals. Section 2 - Staffing Strategy Alignment New Health Medical Systems should decide on procedure that will work efficiently and align with the company's new strategic direction so as to obtain the technicians needed for their new cardiovascular unit. “This is an ideal time to evaluate how the work may have changed since the employees were initially hired and how you might enhance your talent mix by redefining job requirements.” (Messmer, 1999) New Health Medical Systems needs to focus on staffing strategically in order to meet the company’s objective of becoming a regional center for critically...
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...Briefing Paper 2 Poli 3256 Area Studies: Russia November 3, 2010 By: Zac Gore The Health of Russian Society and a look into Healthcare Summary It’s the end of 2007 and there are still many issues to address when it comes to the health of Russians and health care itself. HIV/AIDS continues to hover at epidemic levels, alcoholism is a country wide problem and death by alcohol poisoning is still on the rise in some areas. Over half of the deaths in Russia are caused by heart problems but the funding for treatment remains insufficient. Russia leads the world in the prevalence of smoking and has yet to sign the World Health Organizations anti-smoking convention. Health care facilities fail to meet fire and safety norms with things like faulty electric power systems and unsatisfactory fire evacuation requirements. Drug addiction continues to be a problem and over 90 percent of the heroin coming into the country is from Afghanistan. Some other noteworthy concerns are the appearances of avian (bird) flu throughout the country and the large number of tuberculosis cases including ones that are drug resistant. However there are some positive trends that have developed. Within the next few years about 30,000 young HIV patients are slated to receive therapy. Drug use is not as prevalent as it was several years ago and increases in drug addiction have ended. The health of Russian conscripts is improving as well compared with the last several years. Introduction 1...
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