...Case Study 39 Airbus vs. Boeing Prepared by Lisa Neumann Matthias Pernkopf Viktoria Scheidl Case study 39 Airbus vs. Boeing Contents: • • • • • History of Airbus History of Boeing Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 History of Airbus •1970: Airbus was formed as European consortium of French and German companies •Spain companies joined the consortium •1979: British Aerospace joined Airbus Industrie. •Each of the four partners operated as national companies •Airbus developed a deserved reputation •2001: Airbus became a single fully integrated company •2004: company had overtaken its main rival •In January 2005 the world’s largest and most advanced passenger aircraft appeared, the A380 •Airbus is one of the world’s leading aircraft manufacturers History of Boeing • was established by William Boeing • the most successful company of U.S. •1916: built their first plane •1917: the Boeing Airplane Company arose. •During World War I, the Navy needed training airplanes. • Boeing leading designer of military aircraft. •1927: Boeing created an airline, named Boeing Air Transport (BAT) •1958:The US became a leader in commercial jet manufacture. •2001: Boeing is focused on 787 Dreamliner •Boeing lost ground to Europe’s Airbus and lost its position as market leader in 2003. • 2006 sets another new Boeing record for total commercial orders in a single year. Question 1 Why is the aircraft manufacturing industry dominated by only two companies?Discuss the barriers...
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...Boeing versus Airbus: The End Results becomes an Air Force Debacle Jason Bourne Park University November 17, 2009 Abstract This paper explores the highly controversial bid process and subsequently protest for the Air Force’s KC-X refueling tanker. The main participants for the new refueling tanker contract were Boeing and Northrop Grumman (NGC) as prime contractor through a joint venture with the European Aeronautic Defense and Space Company (EADS). The Boeing Corporation has been the standard in the aerial defense industry. Their challengers, NGC and EADS, the owner of the Airbus, comprised of two very formable entities capable of taking on the aerospace giant Boeing. There were a lot at stake. Boeing has considered in being the “pride of American aerospace” unseated from the top perch of the aerospace industry by losing military contract potentially worth about $100 billion dollars. (Herszenhorn and Bailey, 2008) Overall, Boeing was a heavy favorite to win the contract being that it has manufactured tankers in the past for the Air Force. Two weeks later after the announcement, Boeing filed an appeal through the General Accountability Office (GAO) to protest the Air Force’s decision. This paper will discuss the Boeing’s basis of appeal and contrast them with the GAO’s findings in their protest. The source selection of the aerial refueling tanker contract became one of the most controversial procurement process in the history of the United States. Boeing versus...
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...Financial Management Case - Boeing 7E7 1. Background 1.1 General introduction of Boeing Boeing is the world's largest aerospace company and leading manufacturer of commercial jetliners and defense, space and security systems. Boeing is organized into two business units: Boeing Commercial Airplanes and Boeing Defense, Space & Security. According to Boeing’s 2002 Annual Report, the revenues split between its commercial airplanes division and its integrated defense systems division is about 50/50. Boeing has been the premier manufacturer of commercial jetliners for more than 40 years. Today, the main commercial products are the 737, 747, 767 and 777 families of airplanes and the Boeing Business Jet. New product development efforts are focused on the Boeing 7E7. 1.2 Basic information of Boeing 7E7 Boeing 7E7 was expected to enter service in 2008 with three versions: a baseline model with 200 seats and a range of 7,800 nautical miles; a lighter version with a 3,500 nautical-mile range; and a stretch version with 250 seats and a 8,300 nautical-mile range. The 7E7 is intended to replace the 757, 767 and A300 and even the successful A330. This is why Boeing has a lot of opportunities in this market segment. With almost every U.S. major airline operating a large fleet of 757/767 aircraft, this will be the main target market for Boeing's 7E7. American Airlines, Delta Airlines and United Airlines may all be the customers we want to pay attention to. American Airlines also operates...
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...Airbus vs. Boeing in Superjumbos: Credibility and Preemption by Benjamin C. Esty and Pankaj Ghemawat Current Draft: August 3, 2001 Benjamin C. Esty Morgan 381 Harvard Business School Boston, MA 02163 Tel: (617) 495-6159 e-mail: besty@hbs.edu Pankaj Ghemawat Morgan 227 Harvard Business School Boston, MA 02163 Tel: (617) 495-6270 e-mail: pghemawat@hbs.edu Acknowledgements: We would like to thank Ed Greenslet and The Airline Monitor for providing data on and insights about the commercial jet aircraft industry, Mike Kane for assistance with the original teaching case, and the Division of Research at the Harvard Business School for supporting this research. Airbus vs. Boeing in Superjumbos: Credibility and Preemption Abstract In December 2000, Airbus formally committed to spend $12 billion to develop and launch a 555-seat superjumbo plane known as the A380. Prior to and after Airbus’ commitment, Boeing started and canceled several initiatives aimed at developing a “stretch jumbo” with capacity in between its existing jumbo (the 747) and Airbus’ planned superjumbo. This paper provides a strategic (game-theoretic) interpretation of why Airbus, rather than Boeing, committed to the superjumbo, and why Boeing’s efforts to introduce a stretch jumbo have, at least to date, been unsuccessful. Specifically, game theory suggests that the incumbent, Boeing, would earn higher operating profits if it could somehow deter the entrant, Airbus, from developing a superjumbo, but...
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...Paper Date: February 2002 “Airbus vs. Boeing in Super Jumbos: A Case of Failed Preemption” Benjamin Esty (Harvard Business School) Pankaj Ghemawat (Harvard Business School This paper can be downloaded without charge from the Social Science Research Network electronic library at: http://ssrn.com/abstract_id=302452 Airbus vs. Boeing in Superjumbos: A Case of Failed Preemption* August 3, 2001 Rev. February 14, 2002 Benjamin C. Esty Morgan 381 Harvard Business School Boston, MA 02163 Tel: (617) 495-6159 e-mail: besty@hbs.edu Pankaj Ghemawat Morgan 227 Harvard Business School Boston, MA 02163 Tel: (617) 495-6270 e-mail: pghemawat@hbs.edu *Acknowledgements: Ramon Casadessus-Masanell, Bruno Cassiman, Richard Caves, Ken Corts, Tarun Khanna, Julio Rotemberg, Vicente Salas Fumas, Xavier Vives and seminar/workshop participants at Boston University, Copenhagen Business School, Harvard Business School, INSEAD, New York University and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona provided helpful comments. So did senior executives at both Airbus (Adam Brown, John Leahy) and Boeing (Tim Meskill, Randy Baseler, and Jim Jessup), although their comments do not constitute an endorsement of the material in either the teaching case or this paper. We also gratefully acknowledge help from Ed Greenslet, Don Schenk, and The Airline Monitor in obtaining data and insights about the commercial jet aircraft industry, Mike Kane’s assistance in preparing the original teaching case, and financial support from...
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...The 21st Century Jet The Boeing 777 Multimedia Case Study Shad H Shokralla Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of California at Berkeley December 18, 1995 Research Advisor: Professor Alice M. Agogino Berkeley Expert Systems Technology Laboratory On-line Version URL: main.html Abstract Multimedia case studies have been shown to be an effective way of documenting and teaching best design practices. This is a case study of the changes that the Boeing Commercial Aircraft Company made in the way they design and build airplanes. The 777 is the first jet that Boeing has created using this methodology. The changes were very dramatic and encompassed many areas, including technical, organizational and administrative changes. Boeing is touting the 777 as more than just a product, but as a new process. Although the technical innovations were numerous, what made the 777 project unique were the other changes Boeing instituted for this design/build effort. It was the first 100% digitally designed and pre-assembled airplane made by Boeing. Concurrent engineering, the concept of “Working Together”, was an integral part of the new philosophy and nearly 240 Design/Build teams were used through-out the process. The teams included design, manufacturing, customer and supplier personnel from the start. Designing and building a new...
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...Refuelling Schedule for Airports By Kiran R K Jitha Babu Shyam S Sreeraj S CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 REFUELLING Refuelling is an important aspect with respect to the airports since it determines the ground time of an aero plane. Aircraft fuelling can take up to 90 minutes of ground time. Hence, precise planning and allocation is absolutely essential. Once a flight lands in an airport it has to be refueled for the next flight. The quantity of fuel required depends on the distance it has to travel to reach the next station and type of flight. Aviation fuel is a specialized type of petroleum-based fuel used to power aircraft. It is generally of a higher quality than fuels used in less critical applications such as heating or road transport, and often contains additives to reduce the risk of icing or explosion due to high temperatures, amongst other properties. Aviation fuels consist of blends of over a thousand chemicals, primarily Hydrocarbons (paraffins, olefins, naphthenes, and aromatics) as well as additives such as antioxidants and metal deactivators, and impurities. Principal components include n-octane and isooctane. Like other fuels, blends of Aviation fuel are often described by their...
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...Introduction In this case Boeing faces a number of challenges in determiningthe viability of bringing forth the 7E7 aircraft series. Aircraft manufacturersbringing forth a new product has to take extra care since a miss in this assessment can place a company in a position to fail the result of huge cash outflows required. Boeing faced stiff competition from French based Airbus and had not brought forth a successful new product in recent years. Since the September 11th attacks travel had taken a drop in general and Boeing was making assumptions regarding future needs and opportunities. This included the willingness of travelers to pay 5% more for efficiency and the increase of hub and spoke travel for airlines requiring flexibility in mid-sized aircraft. To assess the validity of the 7E7 series extra care will be taken to look at all the measurements to reduce the risk inherent in new product introductions in the aircraft business. Question 1 a. What is an appropriate required rate of return against which to evaluate the prospective IRRs from the Boeing 7E7? Please use the capital asset pricing model to estimate the cost of equity. At the date of the case, the 74-year equity market risk premium (EMRP) as estimated to be (see below). Which beta and risk-free rate did you use? Why? Applying the Capital Asset Pricing Model estimate the required rate of return for Boeing equity for the last 74 years: RBA= RF+ β(RM-RF)in which: * Market Risk Premium 74 year period...
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...British Airways 1 British Airways British Airways IATA ICAO Callsign BA BAW SPEEDBIRD SHT SHUTTLE[1] Founded AOC # Hubs 31 March 1974 441 • • London Heathrow Airport Gatwick Airport Executive Club Concorde Room Galleries First Galleries Club Galleries Arrivals First Lounge Terraces Lounge Executive Club Lounge International Lounge UK and Ireland Lounge Frequent-flyer program • Airport lounge • • • • • • • • • Alliance Subsidiaries Oneworld • • • • 267 169 not incl. subsidiaries and code-shares • • • To Fly. To Serve. Upgrade to British Airways (online marketing) The World's Favourite Airline (former) BA CityFlyer OpenSkies British Airways Limited British Airways World Cargo Fleet size Destinations Company slogan Parent company Headquarters Key people International Airlines Group Waterside, Harmondsworth, England Keith Williams (Chief Executive Officer) Sir Martin Broughton (Chairman) £10.827 billion (2011) www.britishairways.com [2] Revenue Website British Airways (BA) is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom and its largest airline based on fleet size, international flights and international destinations. When measured by passengers carried it is second-largest, behind easyJet. The airline is based in Waterside near its main hub at London Heathrow Airport. A British Airways Board was established by the United Kingdom government in 1972 to manage the two nationalised airline corporations, British Overseas Airways Corporation and...
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...Management Summary The analysis identifies both risks and benefits associated with undertaking the 7E7 project. Giving a calculated WAAC of 15.44% for the commercial division of Boeing, the project is feasible and profitable. As you will find, the financial calculations provided in this report show that the project will increase the wealth of the shareholders, also identifying the associated risks and how those could be minimized. Assuming the development costs are correctly estimated and the market response is properly gauged, the reasons to go forward with the project outweigh those against it. The market competition corroborated with the unfavorable economic conditions prompt a swift and decisive answer from Boeing. The new 7E7 will have lower operating costs due to increased cargo space and increased fuel economy due to new engine design, would also be versatile and suitable for both short and long flight routes. Ensuring the development and manufacturing costs are kept down by employing decades of engineering expertise and already proven technologies and solutions, it is recommended that Boeing undertakes the 7E7 project. Cost of Equity The 7E7 Project is a risky project. With a beta of 2.540738, which is substantially higher than the stock market average company, volatility is expected in this investment. However, with risk comes a reward. The 7E7 project would need to provide returns of 22.7009% in order to be considered a sound investment. E(Ri) = .0456+ 2...
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...advantages created by operational effectiveness and efficiency. The key of profitability for airlines is unit cost competitiveness because airlines know that it is difficult to increase their revenues in the current situation. The cost gap is the source of sustainable competitive advantage for Air Asia (low cost carriers). There are seven factors that determine firms unit costs compared to its competitors. They are also knows as cost drivers (Grant, 2014): Economics of scale: AirAsia does not use various types of aircraft, they use only limited types of aircraft in its fleet. They offer a single class which allows more seats per plane. As mentioned in the case, the Boeing 737 can be equipped 12 more seats per plane in the single class model compared to a traditional two class model. Although the company has replaced Boeing 737 with airbus 320, the new aircraft can also offers more seats with single class model. It creates the liquidity by moving pilots and cabin crews around to other same type’s aircraft and reducing training costs. Therefore, it generates economics of scale indirectly. Lean product: AirAsia’s products are basic, they do not provide hot meals, frequent flyer programmers, decent legroom, and a full complement of air-hostesses. More seats per aircraft: Since AirAsia does not provide refreshment, there is no need to take extra space for storage, and so extra seats will be added. Therefore, AirAsia has increased the seats number by 20 per cent by throwing out kitchen, reducing...
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...------------------------------------------------- British Airways From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For similar named airlines, see British Airways Ltd and British Airways Limited. | It has been suggested that British Airways Limited be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) Proposed since January 2013. | British Airways | | IATA BA | ICAO BAW SHT | Callsign SPEEDBIRD SHUTTLE[1] | | Founded | 31 March 1974 (after BOAC & BEA merger) | AOC # | 441 | Hubs | * Gatwick Airport * London Heathrow Airport | Frequent-flyer program | * Executive Club (for BA flights) Diamond Club (for British Midland International flights) | Airport lounge | * Concorde Room * Galleries First * Galleries Club * Galleries Arrivals * First Lounge * Terraces Lounge * Executive Club Lounge * International Lounge * UK and Ireland Lounge | Alliance | Oneworld | Subsidiaries | * BA CityFlyer * OpenSkies * British Airways Limited * British Airways World Cargo | Fleet size | 256 | Destinations | 169 not incl. subsidiaries and code-shares | Company slogan | * To Fly. To Serve. * Upgrade to British Airways(online marketing) | Parent company | International Airlines Group | Headquarters | Waterside, Harmondsworth, England | Key people | * Keith Williams (Chief Executive Officer)[2] * Sir Martin Broughton(Chairman) | Revenue | €11.482 billion (2011)[3] | Website | www.britishairways.com | British Airways (BA)...
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...have made in the RHS margin. The Boeing 7E7 Team 14 Constantine Brocoum Courtney Delia Stephanie Doherty David Dubois Radu Oprea October 15th, 2009 Contents Objectives 1 Management Summary 1 Cost of Equity 1 Equity Market Risk Premium 1 Beta 2 Risk Free Rate 2 Capital Structure Weights 2 Boeing 7E7 Project Evaluation 4 Circumstances for an economically attractive project 4 Market Demand 4 Market Share 4 Sensitivity Analysis 4 Conclusion 7 Board approval for the project? 7 Appendices 7 Appendix A 7 Objectives This report seeks to answer the following three questions about the Boeing 7E7 project: 1. What is an appropriate required rate of return against which to evaluate the prospective IRRs from the Boeing 7E7? a. Please use the capital asset pricing model to estimate the cost of equity. b. Which equity market risk premium (EMRP) did you use? Why? c. What Beta did you use and how did you derive it? d. Which risk-free rate did you use? Why? e. Which capital-structure weights did you use? Why? 2. Judged against your WACC, how attractive is the Boeing 7E7 project? a. Under what circumstances is the project economically attractive? b. What does sensitivity analysis (your own and/or that shown in the case) reveal about the nature of Boeing’s gamble...
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...questions about the Boeing 7E7 project: 1. What is an appropriate required rate of return against which to evaluate the prospective IRRs from the Boeing 7E7? a. Please use the capital asset pricing model to estimate the cost of equity. b. Which equity market risk premium (EMRP) did you use? Why? c. What Beta did you use and how did you derive it? d. Which risk-free rate did you use? Why? e. Which capital-structure weights did you use? Why? 2. Judged against your WACC, how attractive is the Boeing 7E7 project? a. Under what circumstances is the project economically attractive? b. What does sensitivity analysis (your own and/or that shown in the case) reveal about the nature of Boeing’s gamble on the 7E7? 3. Should the board approve the 7E7? Management Summary The analysis identifies both risks and benefits associated with undertaking the 7E7 project. Giving a calculated WAAC of 15.44% for the commercial division of Boeing, the project is feasible and profitable. As you will find, the financial calculations provided in this report show that the project will increase the wealth of the shareholders, also identifying the associated risks and how those could be minimized. Assuming the development costs are correctly estimated and the market response is properly gauged, the reasons to go forward with the project outweigh those against it. The market competition corroborated with the unfavorable economic conditions prompt a swift and decisive answer from Boeing. The new 7E7...
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...STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT (EBS5103) CASE STUDY INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Ahmet Beşkese BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY May 2015 1. INTRODUCTION This report is based on strategic analysis of JetBlue from it’s the establishment date to year 2003. In order to the analysis, a precise strategy is decided upon for JetBlue Company. 2. HISTORY David Neeleman was born in Brazil, Sao Paulo in 16 October 1959. He attended the University of Utah for three years then he dropped out university and served a mission for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil for two years. He made his beginning in establishing own business by renting out condominiums in Hawaii. Then he established his own travel agency and began chartering flights from Salt Lake City to the islands. He was co-founder with June Morris of charter airline Morris Air, a low-fare airline. From 1984 to 1988, he was an Executive Vice President of Morris Air. From 1988 to 1994, he was the President of Morris Air Corporation. In 1993, Morris Air was then acquired by Southwest Airlines for $129 million. For 5 years, he worked on the Executive Planning Committee at Southwest Airlines. By 1994, he left Southwest Airlines after signing a five year noncompeting agreement. With his experience of aviation, he established a company named Open Skies which a touch screen airline reservation and check-in systems company that acquired by Hewlett Packard in 1999. At the same time, acted as a consultant to another start-up...
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