1. What types of technology could big retailers use to prevent identity thieves from purchasing merchandise?
Big retailers should implement a secure authentication technology to protect themselves from identity thieves or any other unauthorized persons making purchases. Authentication should be layered, utilizing two or more factors, consisting of something the authorized user knows, something they physically have, and/or something they “are” or biometrics (Baltzan, 2012). Some multi-factor authentication technologies include security tokens (hard or soft), mobile authentication (including digital certificates), and biometric means (finger print, facial recognition) (Rouse, n.d.).

2. What can organizations do to protect themselves from hackers looking to steal account data?
In order to protect themselves and account data from hackers, organizations should, first, ensure that employees are trained and educated on the information security plan and that information security policies are in place and strictly enforced (Baltzan, 2012). Secondly, the organization should utilize prevention and resistance technologies such as “content filtering, encryption, and firewalls” (Baltzan, 2012, p. 151).

3. Authorities frequently tap online service providers to track down hackers. Do you think it is ethical for authorities to tap an online service provider and read people’s email? Why or why not?
Ethics are relative to one’s culture and societal norms. Therefore, when the members of the Computer Ethics Institute created the Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics, they did so based on what they felt was the right thing, morally (White, n.d.). Based on that thinking, I believe that it is ethical to tap online ervice providers and read emails to stop or prevent hackers from preventing illegal activities.

4. Do you think it was ethical for authorities to use one of the