...may countersuit some of the advantages to form a concise recommendation to my niece on whether becoming a physician is economically and socially a good profession in which she should pursue. Demand Determinants The demand determinants for this case will feature definition of the market and the availability of close substitutes. These two determinants were chosen because the market for medical school can pose many qu4estions, however, narrowing down the most compatible choice is essential in obtaining the value of becoming a physician. The article “Is Being a Doctor Worth it Financial? Not as much as you may Think,” will help us break down the demand determinant of availability of close substitutes. This article goes to analyze the author’s question on whether if it is worth becoming a physician. To determine the author’s answer, she compared the salary of a doctor to one of an average college graduate. In real numbers, not to say that these numbers are of current market value, but for the sake of this paper, the author states that a graduate can earn an income of $40,000.00, minus after-tax deduction; this graduate will take home $30,000.00 a year. A resident after medical school and for the next three years can expect to make about...
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...JAMES F. LAWRENCE, & SUZANNE O. GRESLE Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA Abstract Tube feeding can be an appropriate and effective means of providing nutrition for individuals who are unable to achieve adequate nourishment orally because of various medical problems. However, the delivery of nutrients by tube feeding can cause ethical dilemmas in cases where the effectiveness of tube feeding diminishes and medical complications increase. The decision to tube feed is often influenced by regional and cultural preferences, as well as the high cost of providing mealtime assistance. The effectiveness and appropriateness of tube feeding has been the subject of much debate as it applies to those with severe cognitive impairments and those who are in a persistent vegetative state (PVS). Recent research shows that in these vulnerable populations, tube feeding alone does not necessarily prevent malnutrition and risk of infection or improve functional status and comfort. While advanced directives allow an individual to make decisions about his or her care at the end of life, court cases and religious doctrine examine the individual’s right to autonomous decision making in opposition to preserving the sanctity of life. As long as the outcome of this debate is largely undecided, the process of dying may be prolonged for those who can no longer advocate for themselves. Keywords: Enteral feeding, tube feeding, ethics, persistent vegetative state, dementia...
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...of Nursing Practice (DNP) Projects Theses and Dissertations 1-1-2009 The Experience of African American Hospice Patient/Family with Board Certified Music Therapy as a Component of their Plan of Care Elizabeth Joy Gifford University of San Francisco, lgiffman1@aol.com Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.usfca.edu/dnp Part of the Nursing Commons Recommended Citation Gifford, Elizabeth Joy, "The Experience of African American Hospice Patient/Family with Board Certified Music Therapy as a Component of their Plan of Care" (2009). Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Projects. Paper 14. This Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at USF Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Projects by an authorized administrator of USF Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact zjlu@usfca.edu. COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2 Section I: Introduction Statement of the Problem Although 60% of African Americans in the United States have stated that they would want hospice care when they are dying (AARP, 2003), they only comprise 8% of all hospice enrollees (NHPCO, 2007), despite the fact that they represent 13% of the total population in this country (U.S. Census Bureau, 2008). In fact, hospice care in this nation has always been underutilized by African Americans (Connor, Elwert, Spence, & Christakis, 2008). In the San Francisco Bay Area, among Medicare-certified...
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...AIDS PATIENT CARE and STDs Volume 21, Number 5, 2007 © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/apc.2006.0105 A Quantitative Study on the Condom-Use Behaviors of Eighteen- to Twenty-Four–Year-Old Urban African American Males STEPHEN B. KENNEDY, M.D., M.P.H.,1 SHERRY NOLEN, A.A.,2 JEFFREY APPLEWHITE,2 ZHENFENG PAN, Ph.D.,1 STEPHEN SHAMBLEN, Ph.D.,1 and KENNETH J. VANDERHOFF, M.A.1 ABSTRACT This research study sought to develop, pilot test, and assess a brief male-centered condom promotion program for urban young adult African American males. For study implementation, both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used, and the project was guided by tenets of two common but integrated theoretical frameworks in HIV/sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention research: the social cognitive theory and the stages of change model. The purpose of the qualitative component was to identify and explore condom-use barriers and facilitators while that of the quantitative component was to identify the prevalence of condom-related behaviors and the feasibility of program administration. After recruitment of study participants from hang-out spots and street intercepts, study participants were self-administered a baseline survey regarding their perceived condom-use behaviors prior to random assignment to program conditions (a condom promotion program and an attentionmatched comparison condition). In this paper, we report the findings from the analyses of the quantitative...
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...educational level of a registered nurse (RN) have an impact on patient outcomes and safety? Yes, in fact the Baccalaureate Degree in Nursing (BSN) prepared RN has been linked to lower mortality rates, medication errors, decubitus ulcers, and shorter lengths of stay (Blegen, Goode, Park, Vaughn, & Spetz, 2013). According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing [AACN] (2013), there are approximately 2.8 million RNs actively practicing, of which 55% currently hold a BSN degree. In the United States, both graduates of ADN and BSN degree should pass the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX) for Registered Nurses licensing examination (Rich & Nugent, 2009). However, this does not mean that every nursing graduate is equally prepared for practice. It has been emphasized that the entry-level licensing exam measures only minimum technical competency for safe nursing practice (AACN, 2013). Merriam-Webster’s Online Dictionary (n.d.) defines competence as “the ability to do something well”. Since it has been demonstrated that the BSN prepared RN is more “prudent” in yielding safer patient outcomes, it is critical to examine the differences in competencies among ADN versus BSN prepared nurses, as well highlight these differences by examining a developed patient care situation. Competency Differences Among ADNs Versus BSNs Associate Degree Nurses An associate degree program consists of 72 units and requires 2 to 3 years of nursing training that can be usually taken at a community...
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...various organs (WHO). Types of diabetes: There are two main types of Diabetes: * Type 1diabetes (T1B) which usually develops in childhood and adolescence and the patients require lifelong insulin injections for survival. * Type 2 diabetes (T2B) usually occurs in adulthood and it is also related to obesity as well as lack of physical activity and unhealthy diets. This is the more common type of diabetes (representing 90% of diabetes cases worldwide) and treatment may involve lifestyle modifications and weight loss alone or oral medicines or even insulin injections. * Other categories of diabetes: There are other categories of diabetes which includes gestational diabetes (a state of hyperglycaemia which develops during pregnancy) and other rarer causes (genetic syndromes, acquired processes such as pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis or exposure to certain drugs, viruses and unknown causes). Burden of diabetes: * The development of diabetes is projected to reach pandemic proportions over the next 10-20 years. * International diabetes federation data showed in 2025 the number of people affected with diabetes will reach 333 million (90 % of the population is expected to have type 2 diabetes). * In most western societies the overall prevalence has reached 4-6 % and is high as 10-12% among 60-70 year old people. * The annual health costs caused by diabetes and its complications accounts for around 6-12% of all health care expenditure. * Nice in 2011...
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...A. “The Case for diversity in the health care workforce” 1. How directly is the text reviewed in the reading related to the earlier writing? In the primary partially of the reading, the text assessment was not as intimately connected to the preceding writing studied. The initial part of the document was utilized to set the background stricture of the learning and to clarify the essential epidemiology and basis for the reading. The following element of the document was more directly associated with preceding writings assessment. The information covenant unswervingly with the explore matter and the behind writing and referenced commentary dealt entirely with the matter at tender. 2. Is the evaluation current? Are there any exceptional position you identify about that exist absent out? I would think this appraise to be rather current. The facts limited in this explore document and the connected situation commentary date back to 2002 and the editorial was available in 2003. Characteristically published investigate scheme that are 7-10 years old, are careful to be pertinent investigate substance. Found upon the obtainable investigate at the occasion this editorial was available, I have approach to the end that no exceptional mention were absent out. This lesson started in 2001 and was finished and available in 2003. The writer of this document used in order that was obtainable to them as current as 2003. 3. Can you recognize the declaration of the trouble? The declaration...
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...Increasing changes in diversity puts a demand on healthcare professionals. Changes in healthcare have popularized empirical and evidence-based research in the field of nursing research (Hung, Chang,Chen, 2010) New roles that are emerging are tele-conferencing, providing nursing care over the phone triage style nurses need to be effective leaders and managers to meet the new challenges, advocate for policies that contribute to the health of populations, to sustainable development, and to the security and just treatment of nurses and health care professionals (NSNA,2011). Health care evolving at a fast rate and as provider’s nurses will need to adapt by meeting the needs and demands of individuals. The elderly are increasing and have been at a steady rate, and we need the professionals to be available to take care of the elder generation. The acuity on my floor are seeing more and more elderly’s coming in with stroke and fractures. Hung, H., Wang, H., Chang, Y., & Chen, C. (2010). [Nursing knowledge: the evolution of scientific philosophies and paradigm trends]. Hu Li Za Zhi The Journal Of Nursing, 57(1), 64-70. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. NSNA (2011) Meeting Today’s Global Health Care Challenges retrieved from http://www.nsna.org/Portals/0/Skins/NSNA/pdf/Imprint_Feb04_Hancock.pdf patterns of health events in populations characterizes health outcomes in terms of what, who, where, when, and why: What is the outcome? Who is affected? Where are they? When do events occur...
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...instructions: • Using the criteria for “Judging a Research Study” on pages 258 and 259 of your textbook, evaluate at least five or more research articles. • Answer Questions 1 and 2 for all five articles. • Answer two questions from each of the remaining sections of the criteria questions for all five sources (14 questions for a total of 16 questions per source). • Include an APA references list for all five (or more) sources. A. “The Case for diversity in the health care workforce” 1. How Closely is the literature reviewed in the study related to the previous literature? In the first half of the study, the literature reviewed was not as closely related to the previous literature studied. The first half of the paper was used to set the contextual parameters of the study and to explain the basic epidemiology and rationale for the study. The second part of the paper was more closely aligned with previous literature reviewed. The information dealt directly with the research topic and the supporting literature and referenced articles dealt exclusively with the topic at hand. 2. Is the review recent? Are there any outstanding references you know about that were left out? I would consider this review to be relatively recent. The data contained in this research paper and the related referenced articles date back to 2002 and the article was published in 2003. Typically published research projects that are 7-10 years old, are considered to be relevant research material. ...
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...Diabetes Case Study Diana Gallardo, Karen Joy, Brianna Herrera, Svetlana Knyazeva NUR/427 5/6/2013 Sara Gerrie RN, MSN, CPNP Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic illness affecting the metabolic and endocrine function of the body. Type 1 diabetes affects 5% to 10% of people with the disease, whereas type 2 diabetes affects nearly 90% to 95% of people with the disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2008). An overview of the incidence of diabetes in the United States, signs and symptoms, and effects of diabetes as a chronic disease will be provided. The case study of Angelo Reyes, a 40-year-old White male living with type 1 diabetes will be used to implement teaching requirements with measurable learning objectives from Bloom’s taxonomy of learning domains. The psychosocial challenges that Angelo Reyes encounters will also be discussed. According to Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle, and Cheever (2010), the number of people with diabetes in the United States is 23 million with increasing rates of 1 million new diagnosed cases per year. This number is expected to exceed 30 million by 2030 (CDC, 2008). People older than 65 years old seem to have more intolerance to glucose and 40% of them account for the population with diabetes. Minority groups such as African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Pacific Islanders are at higher risk for diabetes, complications associated with the disease, and high rates of disease related death (CDC, 2008)...
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...Opening Exam Directions Welcome to Manhattan GMAT's simulated exam platform! This platform is designed specifically for the Internet Explorer web browser. (Other browsers may work but are not explicitly supported.) In order to ensure an optimal simulated experience, please adjust your browser window so that you can see all of the buttons on the bottom of the exam interface without needing to scroll down. You should NOT see an active vertical scroll bar on the right of your browser window. If you do see an active vertical scroll bar on the right side of your browser window, go to the VIEW menu at the top of the Internet Explorer window, then select TOOLBARS, and uncheck as many toolbars as necessary to eliminate the active vertical scroll bar. After doing this, you will no longer need to scroll down to see the buttons on the bottom of the exam interface. At the end of the exam, you may go back and re-check these toolbars to return to your normal view. If you have any questions, please contact us at techsupport@manhattangmat.com or call 800-576-GMAT (4628). Good luck practicing! Note: GMAT is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admission Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this test preparation service. AWA Essays In the Analytical Writing Assessment, you will be asked to write 2 essays. You will have exactly 30 minutes to write each essay. In the first essay, you are requried to analyze an argument. Your task is to critique the argument, not to present...
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...oph/490ped/2096 emerg/26emerg/406 MeSH C15.378.071.141.150.150 GeneReviews • Sickle-cell disease Sickle-cell disease (SCD), or sickle-cell anaemia (SCA) or drepanocytosis, is a hereditary blood disorder, characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape. Sickling decreases the cells' flexibility and results in a risk of various complications. The sickling occurs because of a mutation in the haemoglobin gene. Individuals with one copy of the defunct gene display both normal and abnormal haemoglobin. This is an example of codominance. Life expectancy is shortened. In 1994, in the US, the average life expectancy of persons with this condition was estimated to be 42 years in males and 48 years in females,[1] but today, thanks to better management of the disease, patients can live into their 70s or beyond.[2] Sickle-cell disease occurs more commonly among people whose ancestors lived in tropical and sub-tropical sub-saharan regions where malaria is or was common. Where malaria is common, carrying a single sickle-cell...
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...Place matters in the United States. Access to affordable high-quality healthcare depends upon where you live. Throughout rural America, nearly 50 million people face challenges in accessing health care. The past several decades have consistently shown higher rates of poverty, mortality, and limited access to a primary health care provider in rural areas. With the recent economic downturn, there is potential for an increase in many of the healthcare disparities and access concerns that are already elevated in rural communities. High poverty rates and job loss in the current economic recession highlight the challenges of accessing health care and rising health care costs in rural areas. Rates of poverty are higher, with fifteen percent of people in rural areas living below the poverty level compared to twelve percent of people in urban areas. The rural economy is dominated by small businesses, which are struggling as the cost of healthcare continues to skyrocket. In the current recession, the rural economy is losing jobs at a faster rate than the rest of the nation, and loss of jobs can lead to loss of healthcare coverage. In particular, rural communities dependent on manufacturing have lost nearly five percent of their jobs since the recession began. Many rural residents work part-time, seasonally, or for themselves, making them less likely to have private, employer-sponsored health care benefits. Research shows that ninety percent of farmers have insurance coverage;...
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...6. Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases Chapter 8 Disease is not constant • Emerging Diseases – are recently “discovered” diseases, or diseases that have become increasingly important. • Some are old diseases just discovered – like Hepatitis C • Some are truly new like HIV • Many are taking advantage of some niche – like air conditioners in large buildings – Legionella pneumophila • Diseases moving to new parts of the world – West Nile Virus • Re-emerging Diseases – are diseases that became less important, but are again increasing in importance. • Tuberculosis is an old disease that is again rapidly increasing in some populations. 1 2 Health Science Microbiology David L. Beck, B.S., A.M., Ph.D. FYI Emerging Diseases - Examples FYI Re-emerging Diseases - Examples 3 4 Known Species The Tip of the Iceburg • How many species are there? • 1980 there was 1,792 described species • 1990 there was 3,393 species (173 new per year) • 2000 there was 6,386 species (299 new per year) • 2010 there was 12,926 species (654 new per year) • Oct 2011 there was 13,563 species (Yikes!!!) (Most of these we know nothing about other than their name.) WE KNOW VERY LITTLE 80% of bacteria are unculturable – what you do not know about can hurt you! 61% of the known 1415 species infectious (and counting) to man are from animals (zoonoses) • • • • 5 Want to know the current number of described species? See: http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/number.html Updated daily. 6 Normal...
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... The Role of Families in Preventing and Adapting to HIV/AIDS Issues and Answers Willo Pequegnat National Institute of Mental Health José Szapocznik University of Miami A lthough the role of families in caring for its sick members is as old as hu mankind, only and health professionals,in recent years have researchers, family practitioners recognized the important role of the family in disease pre vention and health promotion (Anderson & Bury, 1988 ; Cohen & Wills, 1985; Kazak, 1989) . With enhanced treatments, HIV infection is now becoming a long-term chronic illness affecting hundreds of thousands of families . As a seri ous chronic illness, HIV infection is creating pressure o n health care and social and mental health service providers to design comprehensive systems for fami lies . For each of the more than 688,200 persons in the United States with AIDS, there are parents, siblings, aunts and uncles, and friends and partners in the fam ily constellation who are affected (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 1998b) . The family is de facto and often de jure caretakers when one of its members is ill or in trouble (Pequegnat & Bray, 1997). AUTHORS' NOTE: The second author was partially supported in writing this chapter by NIMH Grant R37 MH55796 . Requests for further information on this chapter should be sent to Dr. Willo Pequegnat, Associate Director, Primary Prevention, Translational, and International Research, Center for Mental Health...
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