...circumstances. Claire E. Sterk wrote an article where she studied the life of a prostitute through their eyes and described the methods she used to study them and their communities. I found it very interesting that Claire Sterk chose to study prostitutes. That is a very dangerous subculture to observe. I believe Sterk was interested in working with prostitutes because she is constantly surrounded by it, living in Amsterdam, where prostitution and drugs are legal. Sterk also works in a school of public health and is primarily interested in women’s health, so it is of no surprise to me that she would want to take on this task. I also think that, that is why she felt so comfortable approaching the prostitutes and pimps because she did not feel she would be in that much danger because she never experienced illegal prostitution. There is less crime associated with prostitution and drugs in Amsterdam because it is accepted. Since it is illegal in America, there is a lot of violence that occurs when you are associated with prostitution because of the chance of being caught. It took a lot of patience for Sterk to work in this fieldwork setting of prostitution. She had to watch every word she said and every move she made. First off, it is not simple locating the prostitutes. She could not simply walk the streets of New York City and ask a woman if she was a prostitute. Sterk had to ask outside reliable sources, such as bartenders, cab drivers, health care providers, etc......
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...(2013). Liver transplantation in alcoholic patients: Impact of an alcohol addiction unit within a liver transplant center. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 37(9), 1601-1608. This article discusses an experiment that was done on an alcoholic addiction unit in a liver transplant center. This Alcohol Addiction Unit (AAU) was formed for alcoholic patients who are affected by end-stage liver transplant and are on the waiting list of transplantation. It includes tables and graphs of the characteristics of Alcohol Abuse in Recidivistic (Lapse or Relapse) and Nonrecidivistic patients. This article can be useful for my memo topic by providing useful information such as the number of patients who relapse after a liver transplant, based on the experiment. It also evaluates the relationship between relapse and the duration of alcohol abstinence after a transplant. It would also help by providing an example that alcohol patients that get liver transplants can stop drinking by participating in a program such as the Alcohol Addiction Unit. GLANNON, W. (2009). Responsibility and priority in liver transplantation. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 18(1), 23-35. This article summarizes a paper that argues that it is wrong to give...
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...What Is An Alcoholic? What Is Alcoholism? An alcoholic is a man or a woman who suffers from alcoholism - they have a distinct physical desire to consume alcohol beyond their capacity to control it, regardless of all rules of common sense. According to Alcoholics Anonymous UK, who say they have no unique definition for alcoholism, it may be described as a physical compulsion, together with a mental obsession. Apart from having an enormous craving for alcohol, an alcoholic often yields to that craving at the worst possible times. The alcoholic knows neither when nor how to stop drinking. Definition - an alcoholic is a person, while alcoholism is the illness. An alcoholic suffers from alcoholism. Alcoholism is a long-term (chronic) disease. Alcoholics are obsessed with alcohol and cannot control how much they consume, even if it is causing serious problems at home, work, and financially. Alcohol abuse generally refers to people who do not display the characteristics of alcoholism, but still have a problem with it - they are not as dependent on alcohol as an alcoholic is; they have not yet completely lost their control over its consumption. Moderate alcohol consumption will not generally cause any psychological or physical harm. However, for some individuals, social drinking eventually leads to heavier and heavier alcohol consumption, which does cause serious health and psychological problems. Alcoholism in the UK - one in every 13 people in the United Kingdom is...
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...parents yell at each other and then you hear an awful sound. Did your father just hit your mother only because his dinner was cold, and he was late? You ask yourself why, why is he like this? He is like this because he is an alcoholic and cannot control his temper when he has been drinking. The next day you promise your mom and yourself that when you grow up you were never going to become an alcoholic. You see what your father’s alcoholism has done to your family and yourself and would never want that to happen to your family when you become an adult. Twenty years later, you too become an alcoholic. Children of alcoholics are four times more likely to grow up to be an alcoholic than any other children, according to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. One in five adult Americans lived with an alcoholic while growing up. (AACAP) Studies have shown that even twins separated at birth and living in two very different environments still became alcoholics. There were an estimated 28.6 million Children of Alcoholics in the United States in 1991, nearly 11 million of them under the age of 18. Of the under 18-age group, there will be almost 3 million that will develop alcoholism and other drug problems. More than half of these teens will marry alcoholics and are likely to recreate the same kinds of highly stressful and unhealthy...
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...Image of God Chart part 11 1 Grand Canyon University: HTH-359 July 24, 2013 Image of God Chart part 11 2 Terry Harris is an African American Black woman who resides in Kent, Ohio and appears to work hard for what she has. Terry’s temperament is sweet for she is a kind and gentle individual but, she struggles because of her crack, alcohol, and marijuana addictions. Although she attends Church on a regular basis she still needs a support system/group to help or rather show her how to get past her addictions. Angela (my wife) was her support system but, since we have relocated Terry has down spiraled. Angela picks up the telephone weekly to encourage her by having Bible study and reading scriptures with her. She also has invited her to come to stay with us as a vacation to get her away from that scene. Terry's is in her sixties and Angela told her "You would not look good wearing an orange jail jumpsuit, it that what you want because, if you do not stop you will end up in jail or even worse the graveyard." It is pretty much Terry's daughter Kim who constantly keeps bringing the drugs into her mother's home. Angela told Terry "Kim is grown and needs her own place so put her out." Spiritually she needs all the help she can get, her health is okay but she is also the type to get mad at others when they attempt to step in and her help. She will tell you "I don't get mad I get even." What she does not realize if she does not get help soon she...
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...ALCOHOLISM IN AMERICAN FAMILIES Introduction America is becoming a nation of alcoholics. Harford (2006) assert that in the contemporary American society alcoholism affect 1 in every 3 people. With the increasing pressure of life, many people have turned to alcohol to relieve their daily stress leading to uncontrolled alcoholism in the society. As the basic unit of the society the family has been affected in the same way increased breakdown of families and neglect of children by alcoholic parents. Alcoholism has run deep in American families and children have been affected in a particular way. This paper will research on alcoholism and the effects it has on the life of the family. It will first define alcoholism and then look at how alcoholism runs in American families. Later it will look at children of alcoholics. What is alcoholism? According to Harford (2006) Alcoholism can be defined as drinking of alcohol to an extent that it interference with individual physical and mental health and their ability to perform their duties and responsibility and to live with the rest to the society and family members. Alcoholism is a disease condition which result from excessive consumption of alcoholic beverage. According to Silverstein (1990) there are three distinct features which are used to diagnose the condition according to American Psychiatrist Association. The three criteria include: i) Physiological problem including hand tremors or blackouts ii) Psychological problem...
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...CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Introduction This chapter contains the background of the problem, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, objectives of the study, research questions, justification of the study, limitations of the study, the scope of the study and the conceptual framework. 1.2 Background to the Problem Seventy percent of Kenyan families are affected by alcoholism (Simiyu, 2006). Man has, over time, indeed come to acknowledge the fact that alcoholism is indeed destructive to the human race. This explains the reason as to why numerous studies have been conducted and some are still underway in relations to various areas where alcoholism is indeed a major threat. It is however important to note that most of these studies are mainly centered on the alcoholic. Alcoholism is a term that has many and sometimes conflicting definitions. In current and historic usage, alcoholism refers to a condition that results from continued consumption of alcohol despite the social and medical impacts that are raised by the vice. Alcoholism also referred to, in the nineteenth century and partly in the twentieth century, as dipsomania, may also refer to pre-occupation with or compulsion towards the consumption of alcohol and/or impaired ability to recognize the negative impacts of excessive alcohol consumption. The Macmillan dictionary (2002) defines the word alcoholism as a medical condition that makes it difficult to control the amount of alcohol you drink. ...
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...Breast Cancer Breast cancer is a growth of cancerous cells in the breast most common in woman, but it can occur in men. Breast cancer is caused when healthy tissue in the breast begins to grow abnormally, these cells grow and divide and create more abnormal cells forming a lump or tumor. Breast tumors can be classified as either; benign – this is a tumor that grows in one place and may not cause a problem, and is considered non- cancerous. Malignant – these tumors are invasive and grow and spread to other parts of the body, these are the cancerous types of tumors. Most common types of breast cancer forms in the lobules (these are the glands that produce milk), or in the lining of the milk ducts. Symptoms of breast cancer may be first noticed as a lump in the underarm or in the breast. The shape and size of the breast may change as well as the skin may become irritated, red, and flakey. The breast may have a bloody discharge from the nipple or be painful to touch. Some risk factors for this disease are strongly associated with a family history of breast cancer as well as dense breasts are said to be a risk factor as well. Some risk factors are modifiable, and some are not. The strongest risk factor is that of having a first degree relative of two or more, having breast or ovarian cancer. Also having the breast cancer gene known as BRCA1 or 2 mutation is a strong risk factor. Seventy percent of all breast cancer is said to be sporadic, this means these are by random events,...
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...explanation seems to be better than another is. I will present views of the effects alcoholism has on society and an insight to the factors that serve to fuel the nature or nurture debate concerning alcohol abuse and alcoholism. STATISTICS: The abuse of alcohol alone is estimated at $144.1 billion dollars annually. Every man, woman and child in America pays nearly $1,000 a year to cover the costs of unnecessary health care, auto accidents, crime and loss of productivity resulting from alcohol abuse. Alcohol deaths account for approximately five percent of all deaths occurring in the United States. Alcohol is considered to be one of the most widely used drugs as it attacks the central nervous system. Two-thirds of all adults drink alcohol; one-third of those are under the age of eighteen. The term alcoholic is commonly used to refer to a person who is severely dependent on alcohol as a result of their drinking pattern. Not everyone with an alcohol problem becomes an alcoholic. If this is true then what differentiates the social drinker from the alcoholic? A novice explanation would be that social drinkers do not experience problems when they drink, however alcoholics develop a physical dependence on alcohol and lack control over how much they drink and what happens when they drink, resulting in social problems. Can it be this simple? Why doesn't a person...
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...of the facial abnormalities that are common of children with FAS are: microcephaly, small eye openings, broad nasal bridge, flattened mid-faces, thin upper lip, skin folds at the corners of the eyes, indistinct groove on the upper lip, and an abnormal smallness of the lower jaw (Wekselman, Spiering, Hetteberg, Kenner, & Flandermeyer, 1995; Phelps, 1995). These infants also display developmental delays, psychomotor retardation, and cognitive deficits. As a child with FAS progresses into preschool physical, cognitive and behavioral abnormalities are more noticeable. These children are not the average weight and height compared to the children at the same age level. A cognitive manifestation is another problem with children who have FAS. "Studies have found that preschoolers with FAS generally score in the mentally...
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...injuring other innocent people. Each year in the United States, nearly 85,000 people die from alcohol-related causes, making it the third leading preventable cause of death in our country. (NIAAA) Many automobile accidents involve drunk drivers. People who drink endanger themselves and everyone around them. In addition, business and industry suffer financial loss because their employees drink. What might begin as casual drinking can become heavy drinking and alcoholism. Because the abuse of alcohol has a negative effect on men, women, and children, that same abuse on alcohol is a threat in our society. Although society cannot force people to stop abusing alcohol, society does try to provide rehabilitation for heavy drinkers and alcoholics. People who watch television commercials and read magazine advertisements perhaps think that the use of alcohol can be a positive factor in their life. But according to the author of Alcohol: The Delightful Poison, “alcohol is classified as a...
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...Notes for the Course: Religion and Ethics in our Modern Society, 2012 By Dr H Ndlovu Definition and Nature of Christian Ethics Ethics is derived from the Greek word “ethos” that is also comes from another word “ethika.” Ethika means norms, conventions, values, customs the society. Thus ethics is a discipline that examines one’s moral standards or the moral of a society. These are absorbed from family, church and friends. Why Study Ethics There are nine reasons why human beings have to study ethics. 1. Human beings are capable of reasoning from cause to effect with the understanding that everything done has effect. 2. Human beings are capable of making choices after comparing the alternatives, that is, internal and external. People have two cells namely: a. Real – what we have now b. Ideal – what we are aiming at 3. Human beings are self – conscious. This means we can study ourselves by being a subject and be the object at the same time. 4. Human beings are finite or limited not knowing what will happen from the next moment or next door. Thus, we must have principles to apply when situations comes. 5. Human life is an active dynamic phenomenon – We do something as if we do nothing. 6. People also can be taught to be good (Isaiah 1 :18) 7. Human beings are capable of filing an obligation 8. Human beings are also capable of understanding what moral terms like freedom, dignity and so on affects other people. 9. Finally, human beings need to survive. Human civilization...
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...minerals; it can also affect the brain, causing unclear thinking. Large amounts can cause unconsciousness or sometimes death. Even knowing these facts some people will still make bad and dangerous choices when it comes to alcohol. The effect of alcohol has in the human body is brain damage. As drinking increases the body slowly starts to lose consciousness of its surroundings. The first symptom of excess alcohol in the body is blurry vision, followed by sloppiness while talking, and loss of balance. Although these symptoms are caused by the drinking in short term, its effects are great when exceeded. As the person drinks more and more the person’s ability to react with speed decreases causing them to bump into things and trip. In some cases, the extreme alcohol levels in the human...
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...Your Liver and Hepatitis. The Liver Facts . One out of every 10 Americans is affected by liver disease. Liver disease is one of the top 10 causes of death in the United States. There are more than100 liver diseases. The good news is we can help prevent the liver diseases and keep it healthy. Overview of the liver. The liver is the second largest organ in the body and is located under the cage on the right side. It weighs about three pounds and is shaped like a football that is flat on one side. The liver performs many functions in the body. It processes what you eat and drink into energy and nutrients that your body can use. The liver also removes harmful substances from your blood. Functions of the liver include: • Filters your blood • Makes proteins, including blood-clotting factors (needed to help you heal) • Stores vitamins, sugars, fats, and other nutrients • Helps regulate hormones • Releases chemicals and nutrients into the body when needed • Makes bile needed for digesting fats Liver damage can lead to swollen, shrunken, hard, or scarred liver tissue. Such livers do not work well, and the person can get very sick, or even die, if the liver stops working altogether. Symptoms of liver disease Acute (When symptoms occur suddenly it is categorized as acute process) Tiredness or weakness Jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin) Fever Nausea and vomiting Dark urine or very pale colored...
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...is also some explanation of treatments and some new research that is being worked on in order to help predict who may be at risk. Alcoholism; A Biological and Psychological Look Inside Alcoholism is a growing problem in today’s society. Every day there are more and more people who are having problems with controlling their drinking or who are admitted to hospitals because of extreme illness caused by alcoholism. There is approximately 15 % of male drinkers and 6% of female drinkers in the United States who will have an alcoholism problem (Sullivan, 2009). Each of these groups has family and friends who are affected by their alcoholism. The link between biology and psychology in relation to alcoholism is a vastly growing interest of study. Neurological research is being done to try and explain the connection and to help create effective treatments. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.;DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) gives clinical descriptions of different types of alcohol related disorders. One such description is that of Alcohol use disorder. This is described in the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) as a problematic pattern of alcohol consumption that leads to clinically significant impairment and distress. On a neurological level alcoholism or excessive alcohol consumption can be very damaging. Excessive alcohol consumption is linked to over 60 disease processes (Breedlove, Watson & Rosenzweig, 2010). Alcoholism...
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