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Case Study Mba Wine

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| Enae Business School | | Paola Lissette Valdez Peralta
Contratación Internacional. Caso práctico final. |

Contratación Internacional. Caso práctico final individual. | |

INTERPRETACIÓN DE CONTRATO DE DISTRIBUCIÓN INTERNACIONAL. A la vista del contrato adjunto, señalar ausencias y mejoras desde el punto de vista del exportador español.

Ausencias:
1. Identificación de las partes: está completo. Falta el apoderamiento de los representantes.
2. Antecedentes del contrato: no está, no sabemos si hay antecedentes.
3. Correcta calificación jurídica del contrato: está correcta, es un contrato de distribución y se establece en el clausulado que es de distribución.
4. Entrada en vigor y finalización: Completo en artículo primero.
5. Productos y servicios a comercializar por el distribuidor: se establece como producto aparatos del tratamiento de agua; no hay detalles suficientes, ni se especifica que es lo que oferta en servicio el vendedor al distribuidor o dónde se recogen los servicios.
6. Ámbito territorial de la actuación del distribuidor: artículo segundo, la exclusividad de venta por el distribuidor en el territorio de China.
7. Clientes objeto de venta directa por el exportador: no está, no se establece si es a clientes antiguos, grandes clientes o de administración pública.
8. Exclusividad: se establece exclusividad en cuanto al territorio, en el producto no hay exclusividad, en cuanto al cliente no hay exclusividad, ni en cuanto al canal.
9. Condiciones de entrega, de pago y garantías de los productos vendidos por el exportador al distribuidor. Las condiciones de entrega están previstas en el artículo séptimo; La forma de pago está prevista en el mismo artículo; la garantía está estipulada en el artículo noveno, más los detalles no son suficientes (no se describe la cobertura, exclusiones, plazo, ejecución).
10. Excepciones a la libertad de margen del distribuidor y gastos varios a satisfacer a distribuidor. No está establecido, ni excepciones ni gastos.
11. Obligaciones mínimas de compra para distribuidor: está en el artículo décimo en valores, más no en unidades físicas.
12. Excepciones a la responsabilidad del exportador sobre la calidad del producto frente a reclamaciones de consumidores finales. En Europa no es posible, no aplica.
13. Nivel de existencias en los almacenes del distribuidor. Previsto en el artículo sexto.
14. Reserva de dominio del exportador. No aplica en distribución, pues el distribuidor paga cuando cobra a los clientes.
15. Prohibición de competir del distribuidor. En el artículo quinto parte in fine.
16. Actuaciones a seguir del distribuidor respecto a la marca del exportador. Está establecida en el artículo décimo segundo, tanto la prohibición de registrar la marca como la obligación de colaboración judicial.
17. Obligaciones del exportador sobre muestras, folletos, lista de precios... no está estipulado en el contrato.
18. Rescisión del contrato: causas, preaviso, indemnización, pacto de no competir, supuestos de no indemnización: está la cláusula poco detallada en el artículo décimo cuarto, no está la indemnización, ni el pacto de no competir, ni los supuestos de no indemnización, tampoco están las causas.
19. Sumisión a jueces- tribunales o arbitraje y leyes a aplicar. Está contendido en el artículo décimo quinto.
20. No están los nombres de las partes, ni las firmas en todas las hojas del contrato (asumo que la firma de las partes están donde dice XXXXX y YYYY), ni la fecha de firmado.
21. No está el precio del producto

Mejoras desde el punto de vista del exportador español

* En el artículo quinto debería hacerse constar que tampoco debe el distribuidor fabricar el producto del vendedor.

* En el sexto, debe establecerse más claro el mínimo de existencia que debe tener el distribuidor en su almacén disponible.

* El Incoterm en el artículo séptimo lo cambiaría por uno que implique menos responsabilidad para el vendedor, elegiría entre los de las letras F o C, dependiendo del producto. Además para la tramitación del pedido se debería añadir la petición de confirmación escrita del pedido y confirmación escrita y envió de la misma al exportador, para asegurar una forma mixta que implique mayor seguridad jurídica.

* Los precios acordados deberían estar colocados en un anexo, debidamente detallados.

* El plazo de 90 días del productor para comunicar al distribuidor que va a modificar los precios de sus productos establecido en el artículo séptimo parte in fine, es muy largo; lo cambiaria a 1 mes.

* En el artículo noveno es preciso detallar mejor las garantías y en qué caso y los tipos de garantías.

* En el artículo décimo tercero no se establece el porcentaje de los gastos que han de pagar cada uno por medidas de publicidad. Establecería un porcentaje mayor para el distribuidor.

* Para protección del vendedor cambiaría el preaviso y lo pondría de acuerdo a la ley, en vez de 3 meses colocaría 1 año por mes y un máximo de 2 meses. No está además en qué plazo puede preavisar el distribuidor, colocaría también el de ley para ambas partes.

* En cuanto a la cláusula de sumisión el sistema judicial de China para mí no es fiable, además de ser un sistema muy diferente las sanciones pueden ser muy drásticas y hasta inconcebibles, por lo que recurriría al arbitraje internacional.

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