...Case Study Report Case 3-45 The requirement of independence, both independence in appearance and independence of mind, is presented by the rules of the AICPA code of professional conduct. Every practitioner in public accounting profession is required to keep their independence and objectives; however, independence area is so complex that not all specific situation can be answered by AICPA. Instead, in most situations, the public accounting firm and auditors should make their own decisions by professional judgments to avoid possible threatens to independence. This is a case study report of Case 3-45, which is the best case to get a better understanding of these difficult situations that relate to auditors' independence. This report is presented in three parts: case introduction, case 1 analysis, case 2 analysis, conclusion and further study. In case introduction part, the firm and case overview is briefly introduced. In following two parts, case 1 analysis and case 2 analysis, include the detailed case overview, analysis according to AICPA rules and references, and opinions over each case. In the final conclusion and further study, the report reaches to the conclusion of Case 3-45 and develops the further study suggestions. Case Introduction In Case 3-45, the main office of a public accounting firm, charged by partners, has met two difficult situations that may impair the firm’s independence. Don Moore and Mary Reed are two professional staff, who, respectively, are involved...
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...Business Administration Specialization in Public Administration September 14, 2014 Running head: Relating Leadership Styles to Organizational 2 Relating Leadership Styles to Organizational Behavior Numerous studies have been conducted to demonstrate the various relationships between managers and subordinates. The purpose of this paper is to discuss a critical analysis of peer-reviewed articles in which researchers have addressed various leadership styles and how it affects employees. The literature review section will provide an analysis of the theoretical framework and case studies presented by authors. After analyzing the articles, the discussion and findings section will offer conclusions that can be drawn from the results; and also provide an interpretation of what the findings from the scholarly studies mean. The recommendations section will then identify what organizational leaders can do to address the gaps and/or the organizational leadership issues related to the literature review and discussion. Lastly, the conclusion section will summarize the research and the findings. Literature Review Over the years researchers have developed models, theories, and frameworks that demonstrate a correlational relationship between managers, employees, and organizational behavior. Many of their findings support the theory that active engagement from leadership has a major impact on organizational behavior and employee...
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...MT 460 Unit 9 Defender Direct, Inc. Case Study Analysis Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwaid.com/shop/mt-460-unit-9-defender-direct-inc-case-study-analysis/ Prepare a case study analysis of Case 9, Defender Direct, Inc.: A Business of Growing Leaders found in the Cases section of your digital book. Closely follow the Case Study Analysis Template by clicking on the hyperlink. Please utilize this template format for this Assignment. Use titles and subtitles per the format for readability purposes. Focus upon the idea of the company’s strategy-culture relationship and which of the four strategy-culture situations should it implement in order to help move Defender Direct forward. Please include the SWOT Analysis with the four quadrants in the appendix of your paper (after the References page). You can find the SWOT analysis template in Doc Sharing. Assignment Checklist: Conduct a SWOT Analysis on the case study company’s current strategy-culture relationship. Create a case study analysis focusing on which of the four strategy-culture situations it should implement in order to help move the company forward. Format The case analysis should be 2--3 written pages in length (not including the formal title page and References page), double-spaced. Ensure that you use correct spelling, grammar, punctuation, mechanics, and usage. The citing of sources (text and list references) should use the current APA format and style. For assistance with APA format and citation style visit...
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...MGMT 20124: Preparing a Report for a Case Study In addition to the correct format of your report there are content issues you need to consider. It is useful to read through the case a couple of times and get a feel as to what you will need to find before you go searching for articles. This is always problematic, but you do need to summarise the articles for support in your report, using the content, findings and conclusions. Therefore it is important that the articles are used in the detailed analysis, and argument in development of alternatives. The ‘knowledge & understanding, as well as “research skills” can be satisfied by finding arguments (through the literature) for and against, the issues that are raised within the facts of the case. That is, how well you critically analyze the facts and refer to theories, models and concepts. It will also have a bearing on how well the recommendation/s put forward will have the predictive likelihood of success. To get to that point means that you will have to put forward a range of options and on balanced argument make your decision as to what you recommend and why. Essentially it falls under what can be termed as, triangulation. (see the diagram below.) Your “Guide for Students” also gives good advice re this format. There is no “right or wrong” answer here. The marks to be gained will rise or fall based on the decision (recommendation) you make, as in the real world, and the quality of your ‘reasoned’ argument. Always...
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...International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, Vol. 1, No. 1, June, 2010 2010-023X 103 Abstract—Nowadays the business world is changing at a faster and faster pace. The reasons given for this is globalization, highs information technology (IT) investments and the rapid pace of technological change. Organizations are responding in different ways and at different rates to the wide range of IT based opportunities and pressures. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the effects of IT related organizational changes on the management accounting function and to contribute to the body of knowledge about to what extent IT affects the ability to solve accounting tasks. The relationship between IT and accounting practices was investigated qualitatively using six case studies and we will measure the impact of IT on accountants’ tasks. The findings suggest a tendency for change and the decentralization of accounting tasks. Index Terms—Accounting, Accounting Information Systems, Financial Documents, Information Technology, Management Information System. I. INTRODUCTION Nowadays the business world is changing at a faster and faster pace. The reasons given for this is globalization, highs IT investments and the rapid pace of technological change in combination with escalating costs of research and development (Frishamar, 2002). The role of information technology (IT) has shifted over the last decades (Teng & Calhoun, 1996) to become an important part of how ...
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...International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, Vol. 1, No. 1, June, 2010 2010-023X Information Technology roles in Accounting Tasks – A Multiple-case Study Maria do Céu Gaspar Alves Abstract—Nowadays the business world is changing at a faster and faster pace. The reasons given for this is globalization, highs information technology (IT) investments and the rapid pace of technological change. Organizations are responding in different ways and at different rates to the wide range of IT based opportunities and pressures. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the effects of IT related organizational changes on the management accounting function and to contribute to the body of knowledge about to what extent IT affects the ability to solve accounting tasks. The relationship between IT and accounting practices was investigated qualitatively using six case studies and we will measure the impact of IT on accountants’ tasks. The findings suggest a tendency for change and the decentralization of accounting tasks. Index Terms—Accounting, Accounting Information Systems, Financial Documents, Information Technology, Management Information System. I. INTRODUCTION Nowadays the business world is changing at a faster and faster pace. The reasons given for this is globalization, highs IT investments and the rapid pace of technological change in combination with escalating costs of research and development (Frishamar, 2002). The role of information technology...
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...Some notes on case study methodology for Action COST project Draft (06-08-08) Salvador Parrado Table of contents CASE STUDIES AND THEIR RATIONALE 1 CASE STUDY DESIGN 2 Research question 2 Research objectives 3 Specification of variables 3 Case selection 3 Describing the variance in variables 3 Formulation of data requirements and general questions 3 CONSIDERATIONS FOR CASE STUDY DESIGN 3 Causal mechanisms and process tracing: clarification notes 3 Typological theory: clarification notes 3 APPENDIX - RESEARCH QUESTIONS FROM COST ACTION PARTICIPANTS 3 LITERATURE 3 CASE STUDIES AND THEIR RATIONALE This note sets some options for discussing a case study methodology for COST Action project -CRIPO. The note is subject to discussion (COST session in Rotterdam 5- September 2008) not only on the methodological aspects to be followed but also on the applied options for COST project. This section is devoted to justify the usefulness of case studies. Those who are already persuaded may skip it. Case studies are helpful in numerous ways. The definition offered by (Seawright and Gerring, 2008 p. 296) is useful: “the intensive (qualitative or quantitative) analysis of a single unit or a small number of units (the cases), where the researcher’s goal is to understand a larger class of similar units (a population of cases). There is thus an inherent problem of inference from the sample...
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...YONGQIANG Annotated Bibliographies 1. Christina Öberg , (2014),"Customer relationship challenges following international acquisitions", International Marketing Review, Vol. 31 Iss 3 pp. 259 - 282 2. Rajah Rasiah Peter Gammeltoft Yang Jiang, (2010),"Home government policies for outward FDI from emerging economies: lessons from Asia", International Journal of Emerging Markets, Vol. 5 Iss 3/4 pp. 333- 357 3. Hamid Yeganeh, (2011),"Culture and international trade: evidence from Canada", International Journal of Commerce and Management, Vol. 21 Iss 4 pp. 381 – 393 Table of Content Annotated Bibliographies 2 1.0 Customer relationship challenges following international acquisitions 5 1.1Citation 5 1.2 Introduction 5 1.3Aims and Research methodology 5 1.4 Scope – Analysis, Findings and Results 6 1.5 Usefulness 6 1.6 Limitation 7 1.7 Challenges and Critiques 7 1.8 Conclusion 8 1.9 Reflection 8 2.0 Home government policies for outward FDI from emerging economies: lessons from Asia 9 2.1 Citation 9 2.2 Introduction 9 2.3 Aims and Research Methods 9 2.4 Scope – Analysis, Findings and Results 10 2.5 Usefulness 10 2.6 Limitation 11 2.7 Critiques and Challenges 11 2.8 Conclusion 11 2.9 Reflection 12 3.0 Culture and international trade: evidence from Canada 13 3.1 Citation 13 3.2 Introduction 13 3.3 Aims and Research Methods 13 3.4 Scope – Analysis, Findings and Results 13 3.5 Usefulness 14 3.6 Limitation 14 3.7 Critiques...
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...SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………..3 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………4 CASE STUDY 1: OFFER AND ACCEPTANCE…………………………………………5 CASE STUDY 2: CONSIDERATION……………………………………………………..6 CASE STUDY 3: INTENTION TO CREATE LEGAL RELATION……………………..7 CASE STUDY 4: contractual terms……………………………………………...……7-8 CASE STUDY 5: exclusion clause……………………………………………………8-9 CASE STUDY 6: Tort of negligence …...……………………………………………9-11 CASE STUDY 7: vicarious liability……………………………………………………12. REFERENCE LIST………………………………………………………………………..13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CASE STUDY 1: OFFER AND ACCEPTANCE This case involves term such as: offer, acceptance offer, difference between offer and treat, invitation of treat and acceptance of an offer by post. CASE STUDY 2: CONSIDERATION This case of study involves terms such as: part payment, principle of promissory estoppel Pinnels case (1602) and foakes beer (1884). CASE STUDY 3: INTENTION TO CREATE LEGAL RELATION This case of study involves terms such as: intention to create legal relation, domestic contract, social contract and commercial contracts. CASE STUDY 4: contractual terms This case of study involves terms such as: meaning of contractual terms, representation, types of contractual terms. CASE STUDY 5: exclusion clause This case of study involves terms such as: meaning of exclusion clause and legal rules governing the legality of the exclusion clause. CASE STUDY 6: Tort of negligence This case of study involves terms such as: Hedley Byne and Co ltd Heller...
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...contemporary organizational design 1) M Orlitzky, F L Schmidt & S L Payne, Corporate Social and Financial Performance: A Meta-Analysis, in Organization Studies, 2003; 24; 403-441 2) E J Walton, The Persistence of Bureaucracy – A Meta-Analysis of Weber’s Model of Bureaucratic Control, in Organization Studies, 2005; 26; 569-600 Organisational Design is concerned with constructing and changing an organisation’s structure to achieve the organisation’s goals. In order to understand organisation, we have to look at the two dimensions; structural and contextual. Structural dimensions provide labels like formalization, specialization, hierarchy of authority, centralization, professionalism and personnel ratios, to describe the internal characteristics of an organisation, and they create a basis for measuring and comparing organisation. Whereas contextual dimensions, they characterize the whole organisation, including its size, technology, environment and goals, and also describe the organisational setting that influences and shapes the structural dimensions. For some time, researchers have studied the relationship between a firm’s corporate financial performance (CFP) and its corporate social performance (CSP). Although many studies indicated that CSP is a determinant of CFP, other aspects of some research have been inconsistent. Some studies are criticized for using unrealizable CSP measures; others for missing control variables; and still others for assuming linearity ...
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...SPEC CHECK + Experimental Method; Lab, Field & Natural experiments + Correlational Analysis and Observational Techniques + Case Studies + Aims and Hypotheses + Experimental Design + Design of Naturalistic Observations and Behavioural Categories + Design and Analysis of Self-Report techniques + Operationalisation of Variables and Pilot Studies + Control of Extraneous Variables, Reliability and Validity + BPS Code of Ethics and Dealing with Ethical Issues + Selection of Participants and Sampling Techniques + Demand Characteristics and Investigator Effects + Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of Quantitative Data. + Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion + Presentation of Qualitative Data + Process Involved in Content Analysis Experimental Method Laboratory Experiments: Very highly controlled setting IV manipulated by experimenter Increased control, EV's are minimise Easier to replicate study as method and setting are standardised Can lead to increased demand characteristics Highly artificial and therefore lacks ecological validity Field Experiments: Conducted in a natural environment IV is manipulated by experimenter Increased ecological validity Behaviour is more natural and so there may be fewer demand characteristics Less control and so more EV's Harder to replicate Raises ethical issues Natural Experiments: The environment is familiar to the pts IV occurs naturally and is...
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...Case Study Method in Management Management education is mainly aimed at developing managerial skills in students. Amongst the various methods adopted in teaching management and management functions, the case study method developed in 1910 in U.S.A. and is now being propagated during the last decade or so, providing opportunities to both the teacher and the taught to promote managerial I understanding and competence, since it helps in contemplation and discussion of an actual situation. It is a wrong notion that the case studies are confined to management students. Cases may pertain lo any discipline, where skills for solving complex unstructured problems or preparing plans are required. The origin of case study methods itself can be traced to Harward Lawyers. Cases may describe problems facing individuals, groups, institutions or even Nations. Through a case study one learns a broad range of skills and has many alternatives. Case studies encourage the practice and attainment of analytical and communicative skills. Case studies allow a different kind of learning. It is close to the learn by doing' approach. Cases are intended to stimulate the reality of the manager's job. The material in the case provides data for analysis and decision-making. Cases require the student to make decisions about the situations presented and to defend those decisions. In real decision-making the student will have lo persuade superiors that his analysis and solutions are the best and hence the...
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...the Assumption of Perfect Competition,International Journal of Business and Economics,2009,Vol.8,No.2,91-114 , Roman Indrest and Tommasso Valletti,Price Discrimination in input markets,The Rand Journal of Economics,Vol. 40,No.1,Spring 2009,1-19 , Cordtz,Dan,Car wars: A global report on Auto Industry,FInancial World,August 22,1989;158,17;ABI/INFORM Global , S.k.Mishra,A Brief History of Production Functions,The IUP Journal of Managerial Economics,November,2010,Vol. VIII,No. 4,pp.6-34 , Monika Jain,Paradox of Plenty,with Special Reference to Inelastic Demand for Apples,The IUP Journal of Managerial Economics,May,2011,Vol. IX,No. 2,pp.4455 , Cathy Locke Bee Staff Writer. The Sacramento Bee ,"EID report reveals household water use on rise An analysis of supply, demand recommends holding off on meters" http://search.proquest.com/docview/246565304?accountid=80692 , Yeung; Vincent Mok,Regional monopoly and interregional and intraregional competition :The parallel trade in coca cola between shanghai and Hangzhou in China,Economic Geography; Jan 2006; 82, 1; ABI/INFORM Global,pp.89-109 , Title Managerial Economics Author Damodaran, Suma Edition 1st 1st 1st Year 2010 2009 2011 Publisher Name Oxford University Press Cengage Learning S. Chand Author D.N. Dwivedi Edition 2nd Year 2012 Publisher Name Pearson Managerial Economics: An integrative Hirshey, Mark approach Advanced...
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... 1. Identify the problem (and relevant related knowledge) 2. Review the information (via literature search) 3. Collect data (in an organized and controlled manner) 4. Analyze data (in a manner appropriate to the problem) 5. Draw conclusions (make generalizations based on results of analysis) The Validity of Educational Research Quantitative Research: Internal Validity - the extent to which research results can be accurately interpreted. External Validity - the extent to which research results can be generalized to populations and conditions. Internal validity is generally prerequisite to external validity. Qualitative Research: Truth Value/ Credibility - accurate representation of information from the researcher’s perspective and substantiating evidence) Comparability - the extent to which the characteristics of the research are described so that other researchers may use the results to extend knowledge. Translatability - the extent to which adequate theoretical constructs and research procedures are used so that other researchers can understand the results. ! Validity is always a matter of degree--perfect internal and external validity in a study is almost impossible. The researcher must seek a useful balance between internal validity (ability to interpret results with reasonable certainty) and external validity (ability to generalize information obtained). The Reliability of Educational Research Quantitative Research: Reliability...
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...2 Research Approach 6 3.2.3 Articles and studying Approach 7 3.3.4 Human Resource Approach 8 CHAPTER FOUR 10 Methodology 10 Research Design 10 Data Analysis and Procedures 11 Data Presentation 11 CHAPTER FIVE 12 Findings and Conclusion 12 Conclusion 13 Further Research 14 References 15 Abstract A brief insight of the research conducted on the case study of The Abercrombie and Fitch Co. - A marketing approach. The dissertation is aimed to add the information science literature on marketing, which often focuses upon the overall subject. The approach of marketing strategy from the perspective of services, human resources and finance is studied in the case study of the Abercrombie and Fitch Co. stating the marketing behaviour. The results proved to be hard to discover, given the fact that there is less attention given within a strategy for the three areas mentioned. By focusing upon the areas as independent ones, there could have been triggered the pieces of information necessary for the research along with personal conclusions. The paper offers a research and findings from a particular perspective, discussing as well the further development of this subject. CHAPTER ONE Introduction The research study conducted and the thesis was written on the Abercrombie and Fitch marketing model case study by beginning research with firstly identifying the subject area of interest. The conclusion that since living in a society within which marketing is present...
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