...Cheerios a cereal which is produced by the General Mills company has a special relationship with the American Heart Association. Yes, in the past they have raised money for the American Heart Association, but really the American Heart Association helps General Mills sell boxes of Cheerios. The association has given its stamp of approval to Cheerios saying that they meet the food criteria for saturated fat and cholesterol for healthy people. This stamp of approval is located on the Cheerios box. This is a relationship that has been beneficial for both the company and the association. Cheerios has been able to come up with commercials surrounding the idea of a healthy heart for many years. A current commercial shows various children dancing...
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...Case Study Two: HTN, CKD, & Hypothyroidism Managing Co-Morbidities in Primary Care Primary care providers treat many patients with co-morbidities. It is important for primary care providers to utilize the most current evidence-based research and guidelines to treat and manage patients with co-morbidities in order to reduce risk factors and improve overall health. The following case study will be utilized to apply current guidelines for the treatment and management of hypertension (HTN), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypothyroidism including patient education, monitoring, and clinical end points. Case Study A 45 year old African American male returns for a six month follow-up for blood pressure (BP) control. The patient complains of on-going symptoms over the past few months of dry cough, sleep disturbances, fatigue, constipation, weight gain, and dry skin. The patient denies pain, shortness of breath, edema, or sputum production. Pulse is 80 and regular, BP is 148/110, and BMI is 28. He is six feet tall and weighs 205 pounds. Labs reveal TSH of 5.2, free T4 of 0.8, free T3 1.8, Creatinine 2.1, BUN 22. Family history includes stroke, heart attack, and high cholesterol. Current medications are daily multivitamin, Lisinopril 10 mg once daily, over-the-counter (OTC) Robitussin, and OTC laxative as needed (University of Phoenix, 2014, Week Seven Case Study). The patient can be diagnosed with uncontrolled HTN, subclinical hypothyroidism, and may have chronic kidney...
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...1. Introduction This assignment is a critique on the study published in The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) entitled ‘Homocysteine Lowering and Cardiovascular Events after Acute Myocardial Infarction’ by Bonaa et. al (2006) (also known as The NORVIT study). NEJM’s most recent impact factor was 51.296 (in 2006). NEJM boasts the largest paid circulation among medical journals, with close to 200,000 paying subscribers. It is printed weekly in the United States, Canada, the Netherlands, and Japan, and a range of translated articles reaches approximately 140,000 (New England Journal of Medicine.org, 2006). The NORVIT study was designed as a randomized, controlled, double-blind, intervention study. It included 3,749 men and women who had suffered and acute myocardial infarction within the last 7 days. The rationale behind the study was that high homocysteine levels are considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (Bonaa et al, 2006). The aim was to measure how effective lowering blood serum homocysteine levels with B vitamins was in preventing a secondary event. A collaborative meta-analysis published in The Journal of the American Medical Association, states that homocysteine levels are an independent predictor of ischemic heart disease and that studies on disease risk of genetic variants affecting homocysteine may help establish whether homocysteine is causally linked to vascular disease (2002: cited by Bonaa et al, 2006). The meta-analysis suggests that a large...
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...format. This section is due in Week Three. |Chosen Cardiovascular Disease |Treatment Modalities |Cultural Beliefs/Practices |Epidemiological Statistics |Available Consumer Resources |Impact on Society | |or Disorder | |Affecting this Disease | |(ex. financing, information, support) | | |Coronary Artery Disease |Quitting smoking and avoiding |Heart disease is a man's disease. |Cardiovascular diseases cause |The CDC addresses heart disease. Great |According to the Centers for Disease | | |secondhand smoke. |(MYTH) |nearly one-third of all deaths |source for researching information. |Control and Prevention, heart disease | | | | |worldwide. | |and stroke are the leading cause of | | |Eat healthy |“I would know if I had high blood | | http://www.cdc.gov/ |death in every ethnic group | | |...
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...Read the attached article regarding new techniques for treating heart attack victims and identify the problem statement for a study among residents in the Minn. area where this new technique is being practiced. This study is to learn how the residents feel about the new technique being used. You might want to include survivors of this technique to learn of their assessment of the technique vs. the more commonly used techinque of clot busting. |PAGE ONE | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | |[pic] ...
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...cardiovascular disease are at an all time high in the United States; studies link a high glycemic diet with obesity and chronic disease. The Worldwide Health Organization (WHO) reports that there are more than 1 billion overweight adults globally” (WHO, 2010). According to a 2005-2006 CDC study of the United States population, 34% of adults are obese. In addition, the International Diabetes Federation announced in 2006 that diabetes is becoming the epidemic of the 21st century with 246 million people affected worldwide (Lefebvre, 2006). Diabetes currently affects 23.5 million adults and 2 million adolescents in the United States with 1.6 million new cases diagnosed each year (American Diabetes Association, 2007). The WHO also reports that heart disease is the top cause of death in the world and in high-income countries like the United States (WHO, 2004). In 2006 the American Heart Association estimated that 81,100,000 million people in the United States have some form of Heart Disease (American Heart Association, 2006). Despite the fact that high glycemic foods do not affect all people the same way, high glycemic diets are killing Americans because they increase the risk of obesity and disease. High glycemic diets are prevalent in America today. Due to the rise of coronary heart disease in the 1970’s and 1980’s, the USDA came out with a new food pyramid in 1992 (Willett & Stampfer, 2002). Other countries with virtual no heart disease who ate low fat, high carbohydrate (but high-fiber...
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...April 1, 2013 Epidemiology Epidemiology is used to help better understand a diseases process, how they work, and how they are transmitted. This helps us to better treat the disease. The process of epidemiology is lengthy but must be followed accurately to ensure correct diagnosis and treatment. Epidemiology is used when a new disease is found and when a disease reappears in high numbers. A common disease in the elderly is congestive heart failure (CHF). The epidemiology process can be used to better understand the disease, what causes it and how to treat it. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events (including disease), and the application of this study to the control of diseases and other health problems. Various methods can be used to carry out epidemiological investigations, such as surveillance and descriptive studies that can be used to study distribution and analytical studies are used to study determinants (WHO, 2011). Epidemiology tries to determine what causes disease and what people can do to prevent disease. Epidemiology was first used when scientists tried to discover causes of diseases, such as smallpox and polio (Cornell University, 1993). Epidemiology is no longer limited to transmissible diseases. Epidemiology usually cannot prove a cause of a disease; it can only show certain risk factors that correlate with a higher...
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...Cognitive Intervention: Cognitive Restructuring Theory BSHS/312 Elaine McCullough Marc Warren, Samantha Smith, Brandy Schneider, and Herlinda Rahn University of Phoenix Abstract This paper will examine the use of Cognitive Restructuring in regards to Stroke Victims and Adolescent Interventions. It will also identify questions regarding interventions. It is an in depth look into interventions too help assist the victims suffering from stroke and adolescent issues. The paper includes an introduction, in depth analysis of backgrounds and interventions associated with stroke and adolescent behavior, intervention questions, and the conclusion. Cognitive Restructuring Definition The cognitive restructuring theory holds that your own unrealistic beliefs are directly responsible for generating dysfunctional emotions and their resultant behaviors, like stress, depression, anxiety, and social withdrawal, and that we humans can be rid of such emotions and their effects by dismantling the beliefs that give them life. Thought challenging–also known as cognitive restructuring–is a process in which you challenge the negative thinking patterns that contribute to your anxiety, replacing them with more positive, realistic thoughts. The cognitive restructuring model is a proven model in addressing behavioral issues concerning stroke victims and adolescents. Our focus will be addressing the insights into these interventions. Cognitive Interventions for Stroke Victims ...
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...from occurring. Using epidemiology and the epidemiology triangle diabetes in African Americans will be observed. This health concern in many communities in the United States can be prevented and helped, but information is the key to success. In this paper we will be examining the definition and description of epidemiology, the steps and methods of epidemiology, reviewing the data of the selected population. We will also be looking at the epidemiological triangle as well as various levels of prevention. Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events (including disease), and the application of this study to the control of diseases and other health problems. Various methods can be used to carry out epidemiological investigations: surveillance and descriptive studies can be used to study distribution; analytical studies are used to study determinants (WHO, 2012). Epidemiology is a type of science that guides our understanding of the strong points of how exposure and the relation to how it effects our health. Epidemiology can be used for many things such as the use of occupationally associated illnesses (Stanhope & Lancaster, p. 222, 2012). According to the Center of Disease and Control, epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to control health problems (CDC,...
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...Arab, Chaldean, and Black Americans in Southeast Michigan. Hikmet Jamil, Monty Fakhouri, Florence Dallo, Thomas Templin, Radwan Khoury, Haifa Fakhouri Wayne State University, University of Texas Immigrant Minority Health: Disparities in Self-Reported Diabetes Mellitus among Arab, Chaldean, and Black Americans in Southeast Michigan Abstract This study shows a disproportionately amount of minorities are affected by diabetes mellitus in the medical community. This study reveals statistic facts as well as documented facts. Research has consistently documented that on almost any measure, minorities have poorer health than do other groups. Not many minorities report to their primary care physician for some signs and symptoms due to diabetes mellitus. The United States population has become increasingly diverse, making it a reliable source of information on the reports of this disease. This research will show facts as to why immigrant minorities have disparities among minorities. Social, economic, and environmental factors are research to find the disparities of this deadly disease. This study examines the effects it has on three ethnic groups: Arabs, Chaldean, and Blacks. Using a cross sectional and a convenience sample, the study estimated the prevalence...
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...health problems. * Heart Disease and Stroke: Daily physical activity can help prevent heart disease and stroke by strengthening your heart muscle, lowering your blood pressure, raising your high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (good cholesterol) and lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (bad cholesterol), improving blood flow, and increasing your heart's working capacity. Optimizing each of these factors can provide additional benefits of decreasing the risk for Peripheral Vascular Disease * High Blood Pressure: Regular physical activity can reduce blood pressure in those with high blood pressure levels. Physical activity reduces body fat, which is associated with high blood pressure. * Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes By reducing body fat, physical activity can help to prevent and control this type of diabetes. Heart disease has been the leading cause of death in the United States for the past 80 years and is a major cause of disability. Nearly 1 in 3 deaths in the U.S. each year is caused by heart disease and stroke. At least 200,000 of these deaths could have been prevented through changes in health habits, such as stopping smoking, more physical activity, and less salt in the diet; community changes to create healthier living spaces, such as smoke-free areas and safe places to exercise; and managing high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes. People of all ages, genders, and ethnicities are at risk for heart disease and stroke. However...
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...Case Study 2: Hyperlipidemia Scenario R.M. is an active 61-year-old man who works full time for the postal service. He walks 3 miles every other day and admits he doesn’t eat a “perfect diet.” He enjoys 2 or 3 beers q HS (every night), he uses stick margarine, eats red meat 2 or 3 times per week, and is a self-professed “sweet eater.” His cardiac history includes a recent inferior myocardial infarction (MI) and a heart catheterization revealing 3-vessel disease: in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, a proximal 60% lesion; in the right coronary artery (RCA), proximal 100% occlusion with thrombus; and a circumflex with 40% to 60% diffuse ectatic lesions. A stent was deployed to the RCA and reduced the lesion to 0% residual stenosis. He has had no need for nitroglycerin (NTG). Six weeks after his MI and stent deployment, he had a fasting advanced lipid profile. The results were total cholesterol 188 mg/dl, HDL 34 mg/dl, triglycerides 176 mg/dl, LDL 98 mg/dl, pattern B LDL typing at 19 nm, homocysteine 18 mg/dl, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS CRP) 12 mg/dl, fasting blood glucose (FBG) 101 mg/dl, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 1.04 mg/dl. Total Cholesterol 60 34 Triglycerides 45-155 176 LDL 5% and greater than placebo) of niacin are flushing, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, increased cough, and pruritus. Flushing (warmth, redness, itching, and/or tingling of the skin) may vary in severity and is more likely to occur with initiation of therapy...
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...Alzheimer’s is becoming common amongst elderly people ranging from ages 65 and older. About 5.3 million of Americans of all ages have this disease (Association A., 2015). Alzheimer’s is a reversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and eventually the ability to carry out the simplest everyday tasks. This disease develops slowly and worsens over time. Alzheimer’s is a progressive disease, where dementia symptoms gradually worsen over the years. Those with this disease live an average of eight years after their symptoms become noticeable to others, but survival can range from four to 20 years, depending on age and other health conditions. This disease is not a normal part of aging, although the greatest...
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...Promotion). Currently in the United States one of three children and teens are obese or overweight as stated in the American Heart Association web site. Definition of Obesity is, Obesity is the result of caloric imbalance (too few calories expended for the amount of calories consumed). In order to standardize calculations of obesity the Institute of Medicine asked the federal government in 2005 to develop guide lines for using BMI (body mass index) in schools. The BMI is the ratio of weight to height squared. BMI is used to access weight status because it is can easily be measure and it also correlates with the amount of body fat. Guidance is provided on specific safeguards that need to be addressed before schools decide to collect BMI information, stated on the CDC web site. This information is needed for schools to compare results with other schools for specific age groups. Age and sex specific charts are used to calculate BMI in children and teens using the child’s height and weight then matching there BMI to their age and sex specific chart. If a child is in the ninety-five percentile or higher are considered obese, between eighty-five and less than the ninety-five percentile are overweight, between the fifth and less than the eighty-fifth are normal weight, less than the fifth are considered as underweight, stated in the American Heart Association web site. The percentile how a child compares to other children there age and gender. Obese youth have a...
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...Professional nurses who either obtains their Associates degree or Bachelors degree have significant effect towards patient care. Education plays a vital role for nurses and other health care professionals to encompass their knowledge, skills and care to the patients. The discussion will be focused on the differences between an Associate degree nurse (ADN) and a Baccalaureate degree nurse (BSN). It will also explain a case scenario of which will demonstrate the differences in methods used in decision-making that may differentiate based on their educational preparation as an Associates and Bachelors degrees. Associate Degree Nursing A nurse who obtains an Associates degree requires a two to three year nursing education of which is usually accomplished through a community college. This nursing program permits for a nurse who graduates to take the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX), in which allows the nursing graduate to receive license to work as a registered nurse. The Associates degree in nursing was first founded in 1952, by Midlred Montag. This program was designed to prepare the nurse at a technical level in order to support the nursing shortage that was occurring during those years. This program was then designed for nurses to work in a community hospital or long-term health care facility. Baccalaureate Degree Nursing A Baccalaureate degree is obtained by attending a four to five year education program of which it might include two years of general education...
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