...reproducible, standardized, and validated. 1.10 Species-specific antibodies for venom detection: The snake venom is composed of many proteins, organic and inorganic material and studies have proven that closely related species have many common proteins varying amongst individuals, environment, and season (Dong et al., 2003; Sharma et al., 2015). This complex nature of venom makes detection of specific snake venom more critical. Immunization with venom leads to the production of polyclonal ASVA having reactivity against most of the antigens injected, which exhibits cross-reactivity amongst the venoms (Casewell et al. 2010; Selvanayagam et al.,1999; J. F. Gao et al., 2013; Isbister et al. 2010). When these antibodies are used in the development of species-diagnostic assays, it leads to ambiguity in the interpretation of results and hence the necessity to eliminate the cross-reactive antibodies. This can achieved by passing immunoaffinity-purified antibodies through venom bound affinity columns of cross-reacting venoms to get SSAbs (Selvanayagam and Gopalakrishnakone, 1999; J. F. Gao et al., 2013; Ibrahim et al., 2013). Although, SSAbs so obtained have already used in various ELISA based assays they have a tremendous potential in the development of LFA for detection of snake venoms. 1.11 Lateral Flow Assay: LFA is the simplest test and generally does not require any reagent for testing. The addition of samples like blood, saliva, urine or any liquid on the sample pad gives a result...
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...Constructivism 2.1.2. Epismotology 2.1.2.1. Positivism 2.1.2.2. Hermeneutics 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 2.2. Methodology 2.2.1. Types of research 2.2.2. Types of data 2.2.2.1. Quantitative data 2.2.2.2. Qualitative data 2.2.2.3. Primary and secondary data 11 12 13 13 13 14 2.5 Reliability and validity 15 3. Theoretical framework 3.1. The structure of this thesis 16 3.2. Theory on strategy and competitive advantage 3.2.1. The Positioning School 3.1.1.1. Theory on Porter´s Five Forces model 3.2.1.2. Theory of Generic Strategies 3.2.2. The Resource-based School 3.2.2.1. Theory on SWOT analysis 18 24 20 23 25 27 4. The low fare airline business model 4.1. Introduction 28 4.2. Differences between the LFA model and the FSA model 4.2.1. The service factor 29 29 2 4.2.2. Turnaround times 4.2.3. Homogenous fleet 4.2.4. Point-to-point travel vs hub-and-spoke travel 4.2.5. Higher seat density 4.2.6. Choice of airports 4.2.7. Distribution system 4.2.8. Frequent flyer programmes 30 31 31 32 32 33 34 5. Analysis of the macro environment 5.1. Introduction to the theoretical framework – PEST Analysis 34 5.2. Political/legal issues 5.2.1. Liberalising the European airline industry 5.2.2 State aid 5.2.3. Commision vs Ryanair/Charleroi Airport 5.2.4. Passenger rights in...
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...INTERNSHIP REPORT ON HUMAN RESOURCES DIVISION OF BRAC BANK LIMITED Prepared for: Farhana Nur Malik Lecturer BRAC Business School BRAC University Prepared by: Shaba Mumtahena 05304010 Date of submission: September 23, 2010 BRAC University Letter Of Transmittal September 23, 2010 Farhana Nur Malik Lecturer BRAC Business School BRAC University Mohakhali, Dhaka. Subject: Submission of Internship Report. Dear Madam, This is my pleasure to present my internship report entitled “Internship Report On Human Resource Division of BRAC Bank Limited.” I have conducted my internship program in BRAC Bank Limited, Head Office, 1 Gulshan Avenue, Gulshan-1, Dhaka – 1212, under your close supervision. I believe that knowledge and experience I gathered during the internship period will be helpful in my future professional life. I will be grateful to you if you accept the report. I will be available for defense on this report any time. Your support in this regard will be highly appreciated. Thanking you. Sincerely yours’ ____________ Shaba Mumtahena ID – 05304010 Acknowledgement Completion of this report has made me grateful to a number of persons. First of all I would like to acknowledge my supervisor and teacher Farhana Nur Malik not only for giving the opportunity to prepare the report but also for providing me the opportunity to improve the report by extending the submission deadline on this semester. She was also available when I needed her...
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...| | |Bhopal Gas Tragedy | |A review | | | | | | | |Abstract: - Multiple perspectives are particularly appropriate for risk analysis. The Bhopal chemical accident of December 2-3, | |1984, is viewed here using this concept. The preceding paper has described the events surrounding the catastrophic leak | |of methyl isocyanate at the Union Carbide plant; it is considered a technical perspective on the accident. | Risk Analysis Physical hazards have always been a feature of life. In man’s early days there were natural hazards such as earthquakes, weather, and other living organisms (microbes, animals...
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...INTERNSHIP REPORT ON HUMAN RESOURCES DIVISION OF BRAC BANK LIMITED Prepared for: Farhana Nur Malik Lecturer BRAC Business School BRAC University Prepared by: Shaba Mumtahena 05304010 Date of submission: September 23, 2010 BRAC University Letter Of Transmittal September 23, 2010 Farhana Nur Malik Lecturer BRAC Business School BRAC University Mohakhali, Dhaka. Subject: Submission of Internship Report. Dear Madam, This is my pleasure to present my internship report entitled “Internship Report On Human Resource Division of BRAC Bank Limited.” I have conducted my internship program in BRAC Bank Limited, Head Office, 1 Gulshan Avenue, Gulshan-1, Dhaka – 1212, under your close supervision. I believe that knowledge and experience I gathered during the internship period will be helpful in my future professional life. I will be grateful to you if you accept the report. I will be available for defense on this report any time. Your support in this regard will be highly appreciated. Thanking you. Sincerely yours’ ____________ Shaba Mumtahena ID – 05304010 Acknowledgement Completion of this report has made me grateful to a number of persons. First of all I would like to acknowledge my supervisor and teacher Farhana Nur Malik not only for giving the opportunity to prepare the report but also for providing me the opportunity to improve the report by extending the submission deadline on this semester. She was also available when I needed her...
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...Food, Agriculture, and the Environment Discussion Paper 34 Agricultural Research and Poverty Reduction Peter Hazell and Lawrence Haddad International Food Policy Research Institute 2033 K Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006 U.S.A. August 2001 INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP (TAC), CONSULTATIVE GROUP Copyright © 2001 International Food Policy Research Institute All rights reserved. Sections of this report may be reproduced without the express permission of but with acknowledgment to the International Food Policy Research Institute. ISBN 0-89629-639-3 Foreword v Acknowledgments vi 1. Introduction 1 2. The Nature and Extent of Poverty 3 3. How Agricultural Research Can Help the Poor 9 4. Targeting Agricultural Research to Benefit the Poor 18 5. Strategies for Pro-Poor Agricultural Research 26 6. The Role of Public Research and Extension Systems 35 References 37 Contents iii Tables 1. Trends in child malnutrition in developing countries, by region, 1970–95 6 2. Distribution of land types by region 6 3. Distribution of malnourished children by agroecological zone, 1990 7 4. Comparison of low- and middle-income countries 21 5. Priorities for agricultural research to reduce national poverty by type of adopting region 24 Figures 1. Number of people living on less than $1 a day, 1987 and 1998 4 2. Those living with HIV/AIDS and those newly infected: Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa...
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...MART-1 DESCRIPTION: Protein MelanA (Melanoma Antigen), also known as MART-1 (Melanocytic Antigen Recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes) is a common biomarker used to identify malignant melanoma (MM) in patients, it falls under the MHC (major histocompatability complex) I class. MART-1 is encoded by the MLANA gene in humans and is present normally on the surface of benign nevi (beauty marks), as well as on melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells of your skin that become abnormal and grow out of control if malignant melanoma has developed. Approximately 76,000 new cases of melanoma are diagnosed annually in the Unites States, which accounts for about 2% of the total skin cancer diagnosis in United States annually; however 75% of skin cancer related deaths are the result of MM which exhibits how devastating this form of cancer is. With early detection of melanoma being correlated highly to improved prognosis of patients, it is necessary to create a point of care device that can measure the presence of MART-1 antigen in peripheral blood as a screening technique during annual examinations and upon identification of suspicious skin lesions Protein melan-A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MLANA gene . A fragment of the protein, usually consisting of the nine amino acids 27 to 35, is bound byMHC class I complexes which present it to T cells of the immune system. These complexes can be found on the surface of melanoma cells. Decameric...
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...Q-1: Evaluate the roles of key agencies related to project development and management across the project life cycle. Q-2: How does the government finance the development project? Please discuss some of the characteristics of the planning process which cause low utilization of development fund and poor implementation of development program. Answer: It plays an important role in the country’s economic development through implementing various development projects. To implement this development project finance is an important thing. Bangladesh Govt. has two means to finance development project e.g. i) Govt. own fund; and ii) development partner. In this regard, development partners are seen to give money as grants or loan; and to some extent they provide money as both form (grant and loan). Development planning process: Low utilization of development funds and poor implementation of development programmes is a common phenomenon in Bangladesh. The national planning process is characterized by numerous problems, a few of which are mentioned below as key challenges that need immediate remedial measures. a. Paucity of trust in institutions and their people: A general lack of trust in different institutions involved in the process could be observed, which is attributed to the absence of a deep rooted discipline in development planning. This applies at all levels, from implementing department/agency to Planning Commission via the sponsoring ministry/division. The sponsoring...
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...Student name: ________________________________ Student ID _______________________ York University Faculty of Liberal Arts and Professional Studies School of Administrative Studies AP/ADMS 4250 Marketing Strategy, Fall 2013 Instructor: A. Rusetski, Ph.D. EXAM 1: Case AP/ADMS 4250 Marketing Strategy Exam 1 Page 1 of 7 FIAT RETURNS TO CANADA1 A.RUSETSKI, PH.D F IGURE 1: A 2011 FIAT 500 On March 18, 2011 two hundred strange looking tiny cars lined up on the streets around the Quebec Business Centre. FIAT, a major European car manufacturer, was celebrating its return to Canada after 28 years of absence. This comeback became possible thanks to a partnership with one of the Detroit Big Three car manufacturers – Chrysler. From Montreal, columns of FIAT 500 cars paraded to designated Chrysler dealerships where FIAT opened its “FIAT Studios”. A number of important and at times sad developments led to this celebratory moment. Once a powerful player in the North American market, in early 2000s Chrysler Corporation was struggling with declining demand and decreasing market share. In 1998 the company “merged” with German Daimler Benz to form DaimlerChrysler AG. In fact, the German automotive giant took ownership of Chrysler, but after nine years the new owner acknowledged that the “marriage” was not successful and it could not improve Chrysler’s financial ...
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...organizational conditions. Monitoring and Evaluation for Personal Learning Bruce Britton By three methods we may learn wisdom: first, by reflection, which is noblest; second, by imitation, which is easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest. (Confucius) Introduction Capacity development practitioners collaborate in efforts to improve the capabilities of complex human systems that operate and connect at different levels. First and foremost, capacity development is a process based on the assumption that better understanding and knowledge will bring about change. Also, the planning for capacity development interventions typically rely on variations of the Logical Framework Approach (LFA), which encourage careful thinking about expected outcomes and impacts. By its very nature LFA assumes that intended results of an initiative can be established in advance because the path that a capacity development process will take can be adequately assured, which requires a reasonably stable operating environment. The reality is usually very different. Self-Reflection 265 Reflecting the perspective of other chapters in this volume, capacity development processes often evolve in ways we cannot anticipate. Their paths are rarely predictable and sometimes seem to defy the logic that was used to plan them. Consequently, by...
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...Compensation and Benefit Management: A Study on Pacific Bangladesh Telecom Limited (CITYCELL) Submitted By: Submitted To: Mr. A.K. Nazmul In Partial Satisfaction of Requirements for the Human Resource Management Course Fall, 2008 Dhaka, Bangladesh Letter of Transmittal Date: 27th November, 2008 To Mr. A.K. Nazmul Faculty, School of Business American International University- Bangladesh. H: 83/B, R: 4, Kamal Ataturk Avenue, Banani, Dhaka-1213 Subject: Submission of term paper. Sir, We are glad to submit herewith the report for Human Resource Management .We are grateful to you for assigning this work as this has given us an opportunity to make a practical demonstration to relate our classroom theoretical knowledge to a virtual real life scenario and thus broaden our applied knowledge. We have all along enjoyed our working on this project and we shell feel glad to give any further clarification, you desire from us on this paper. With Regards, Acknowledgement I specially thank our faculty Mr. A.K. Nazmul for giving us this wonderful opportunity and approval to submit a formal report...
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...UNDP-GEF PROJECT CONCEPT PAPER |Project name: |GEF implementing agency: | | | | |Malaysia: Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) Technology |United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) | |Application Project Malaysia: Building Integrated Photovoltaic | | |Systems Project (BIPVS) | | |Country of countries in which the Project is being implemented: |Country eligibility: | |Malaysia | | | |Ratified the UNFCCC on 17 July 1994. | |GEF Focal Area (s): |Operational program/short-term measure: | | | | | ...
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...1.1 INTRODUCTION Offshore bank is a bank that located outside the country of residence of the depositor. Offshore banking has often been related with the underground economy and organized crime, via tax evasion and money laundering; though legally offshore banking does not prevent assets from being subject to personal income tax on interest. Even though, offshore banks may decide not to report income to other tax authorities, and have no legal obligation to do so as they are protected by bank secrecy, this does not make the non-declaration of the income by the tax-payer or the evasion of the tax on that income legal. September 11, 2011 onwards there were many calls for more regulations on international finance, in particular concerning offshore banks, tax havens, and clearing houses such as Clear stream, based in Luxembourg, being possible crossroads for major illegal money flows. These attempts have been criticized at regulation by defenders of offshore banking. They claim the process is provoked not by security and financial concerns but by the desire of domestic banks and tax agencies to access the money held in offshore accounts. They mention the fact that offshore banking offers a competitive threat to the banking and taxation systems in developed countries, suggesting that Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries are trying to stamp out competition. There are many advantages as well as disadvantages of offshore banking. Offshore banks provide...
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...New trend of digital advertising in auto industry The earliest world known auto advertisement appeared in 1898. It was placed in a magazine called Scientific American occupying a whole page and cajoling reader to “dispense with a horse”. This very first auto ad was made for Winston Motor. We won’t see much Winston cars running these days since they stopped producing cars in 1924. I suspect at that time the Winston Motor couldn’t expect they set new era in motion. A century passed, auto ad has developed and grown. With the development of technology, there appeared more transmission channel. According to Borrell Associates’ latest report, the auto industry’s use of print, radio, and direct mail will be taken over by this growing transition to digital media. To put things into perspective, about 40 cents of every media dollar spent for automotive marketing will go toward digital advertising in 2011 and in 2012 it is likely 90% of additional advertising dollars will go toward digital media.[1]Obviously, digital media is the general trend in auto advertising. Television; internet website; social media network and video network are all digital platform. In this thesis I will focus on creative TV advertising; product placement and micro-film advertising. Because among all those digital ads, there are fast-growing recent years and represent the develop direction of automotive advertising. Creative TV commercials Most of the time, advertising is regarded as a supporting...
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...ft Beta Estimation Practice And Its Reliability Biasness Towards Aggressive Stocks: An Empirical Evidence From NSE * Dr. Neeraj Sanghi ** Dr. Gaurav Bansal INTRODUCTION While investing in a capital market, investors always have concern about the market movements or changes in the value of capital market index. This tendency of investors' behavior is related to a psychological factor that reveals that market movements and prices of stocks are closely related to each other. Upward / downward movement in market index gives trigger to the expectation of investors that the value of their holding would move accordingly. This is, more formally, known as systematic risk arising on account of economic wide uncertainties and explains the tendency of stock's price movement together with changes in market index. Systematic risk, also known as market risk, cannot be reduced through diversification of stocks' portfolio. Investors arc exposed to market risk even when they hold well diversified portfolio of securities. In finance literature, beta coefficient is a measurement statistic of systematic risk; it refers to the slope in a linear relationship fitted to data on the rate of return on a stoek and Ihc rate of return of the market (or market index). This usage stems from Sharpe's 1963 paper in Management Science. Beta is the stock's sensitivity to the market index: it is the degree (in percentage) by which the stock's relum lends to increase or decrease for every 1% increase or decrease...
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