...One of the major themes portrayed in literature following World War I was the realization that a difference existed between ideas and reality. The public had preconceived ideas about the superiority of their country and that battle would bring honor to oneself. The communication systems in place at the time could be prone to error or intervention from outside influences. In addition, staff officers lacked sufficient battle experience or enemy intelligence to plan battles that their troops were capable of meeting the promised outcome. These situations are the foundation for the perception that the public held about the concept of war that differed from what the young men on the front actually faced. Prior to World War I, the Napoleonic Wars took place almost 100 years prior from 1792 to 1815. Only stories existed about the horrors of battle with those who fought long dead. Without an oral history of what the troops experienced on the battled field the public perceived service and death in combat as the ultimate sacrifice to support ones county. This also dovetailed into the perception that society was only going to get better with the improvement in science and technology (Meyers). In Rupert Brooke’s “Peace” he wrote “And caught our youth, and wakened us from sleeping” and “Leave the sick hearts that honour could not move” (Brooke). These phrases in his poem established that young men at home were ignorant of what was going on around them and ignoring their duty to country...
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...From Jomini to Clausewitz: Tactics and Strategy HIST 202 SEC 6380 Christopher P. McCuiston 22 September 2013 In times of war there always the unknown and even known factors that are unpredictable. Many seasoned war veterans from generals to seargent majors have contemplated the strategies and theories of how to win a war. Throughout history wars have been fought for a multitude of reasons; religion, politics, economic, land disputes, and to defeat tyrannical leaders who have committed atrocities against mankind. War has been waged for other than the aforementioned reasons, but are usually related to political or economic causes. Historically there are many strategist and tacticians who have put forth theories that have stood the test of time, however two have provided theoretical and philosophical concepts that are still being taught to our most prominent military leaders to date. Major General Carl von Clausewitz and General Antoine-Henri Jomini who both lived and fought during the late 18th century and early 19th century attacked the premise of war from two very different angles, yet they brought forth enough substance in each of their theories to stand the test of educational time. Experience earned from fighting in a military campaign can jog the mind to contemplate the major aspects of strategy and tactics. During the course of the French Revolution there were three theoriest that emerged and wrote of their experience; the Austrian Archduke Charles, General Antoine-Henri...
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...O.K.H. 5. THE OPERATION PLAN CONTROVERSY 6. COMMANDING GENERAL, 38 ARMY CORPS 7. BETWEEN TWO CAMPAIGNS Part III. War in the East 8. PANZER DRIVE 9. THE CRIMEAN CAMPAIGN 10. LENINGRAD - VITEBSK 11. HITLER AS SUPREME COMMANDER 12. THE TRAGEDY OF STALINGRAD 13. THE 1942-3 WINTER CAMPAIGN IN SOUTH RUSSIA 14. OPERATION 'CITADEL' 15. THE DEFENSIVE BATTLES OF 1943-4 APPENDIX I APPENDIX II APPENDIX III APPENDIX IV MILITARY CAREER GLOSSARY OF MILITARY TERMS ILLUSTRATIONS MAPS Key to Symbols used in Maps 1. German and Polish Deployment, and Execution of German Offensive. 2. Southern Army Group's Operations in Polish Campaign. 3. The O.K.H. plan of Operations for German Offensive in the West. 4. Army Group A's Proposals for German Operations in the West. 5. 38 Corps' Advance from the Somme to the Loire. 6. 56 Panzer Corps' Drive into Russia. 7. Situation of Northern Army Group on 26th June 1941 after 56 Panzer Corps' Capture of Dvinsk. 8. Encirclement of 56 Panzer Corps at Zoltsy (15th-18th July 1941). 9. 56 Panzer Corps' Drive into Flank of Thirty-Eighth Soviet Army on 19th August 1941. 10. Battle on the Sea of Azov and Breakthrough at the Isthmus of Perekop (Autumn 1941). 11. Breakthrough at Ishun and Conquest of the Crimea...
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... Parmenion, was in charge of ferrying Alexander’s army across the Hellespont, which took 160 triremes and many more freighters. Alexander would be the first Macedonian to disembark, doing so in full battle array, casting his spear upon the banks of Asia Minor, claiming it as his own. Once disembarked, Alexander and a few of the Companions, most notably...
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...Whenever I need to convince my mother or sister of my superior intellect I have one story I always tell as it happens to be one of the most memorable obstacles I have ever overcome. The obstacle was one that faced the entire family and I was the one who saved the day in the end. As with many obstacles, it was something that needed to be done but seemed impossible. For my family it was removing an old, broken, and pretty disgusting dryer from our new home. Removing a dryer does not sound like much of a challenge but this dryer was huge, I was a small nine year old girl, with my mother not much larger than I. To make it worse, the fact that the house was built in the 1800s meant that the doorways were quite narrow. In addition to skinny door...
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...Journal of Philosophy, Inc. Conceptual Metaphor in Everyday Language Author(s): George Lakoff and Mark Johnson Source: The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 77, No. 8 (Aug., 1980), pp. 453-486 Published by: Journal of Philosophy, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2025464 Accessed: 23/01/2009 17:46 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=jphil. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Journal of Philosophy, Inc. is collaborating with JSTOR...
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...general idea to a specific topic for your paper. Keep in mind that you have a maximum of 12 pages of text to work with, so your topic is going to have to be pretty narrow in its focus. Also bear in mind that this is a research project, not a high school report; it should center around a thesis that you will prove in your paper. Example: I am interested in World War II, but I’m pretty sure that I can’t cover six years of global warfare in fifteen pages of text. Let’s see...I’m more interested in the War in Europe than in the Pacific, so that narrows that down some, but I need something tighter. I like airplanes, so something about the air war would be interesting, and there was this documentary on the History Channel about the Battle of Britain last month...but even the Battle of Britain is too big for twelve pages. Right, have to narrow it down some more here...do a little preliminary research and reading. Ah, here it is: the German Air Force started out trying to destroy the Royal Air Force by bombing RAF airfields, but then switched to targeting British cities. This decision cost them the battle, because it let the RAF rebuild its fighter strength and shoot down enough German bombers to force the Germans to call off the offensive. Wait a minute. That would just be a report. Got it! WHY did the Germans decide to change targets? There’s a thesis. And so you would write your paper on “Why did the Germans decide to change targets during the Battle of Britain...
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...“The leader of men in warfare can show himself to his followers only through a mask, a mask that he must make for himself, but a mask made I such form as will mark him to men of his time and place as the leader they want and need.” John Keegan, “The mask of command” The book “The mask of command” by John Keegan is one of the greatest collection about leaders separated in time and history space, and analyzing technical aspect of warfare of particular historical time related to Alexander the Great, Arthur Wellesley, U.S. Grant, and Adolph Hitler. The mask of command is a work based on facts, real events, real people, character description, styles, and places separated into four chapters and conclusion. The first chapter, “Alexander the Great and Heroic Leadership”, describe the life, personality and its achievements. Alexander, son of Philip II of Macedon would become known worldwide as founder of Hellenistic world and the most famous general of antiquity what no other could be before or since. The second chapter, “Wellington: the Anti-Hero” examine Wellington’s military career in Britain during the period of his exile in India to its peak of career the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo. Moreover, John Keegan talk over Wellington’s numerous rewards and later achievements as Prime Minister of Britain. The third chapter, “Grant and Unheroic Leadership” is focused on military growth of Civil War General Ulysses S. Grant starting with the period of being solder to obtaining the position...
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...as well. 5. Each European country had an army put together in case of war, excluding Britain. 6. This was called militarism and was seen as patriotic among the people of those countries. C. Tangled Alliences 1.In order to try and keep the peace, many European nations made alliances with one another. 2. Bismarck, of...
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...Bruno had imagined a great adventure ahead. All in all, it seemed like a very sensible plan and a good way to say goodbye… but what Bruno didn’t know is that things would become excessively out of hand. The next day Bruno got up to find out it was raining. Oh drats, Bruno thought. What if it rains all day and I get my new shoes all muddy? Then when I stomp in them, the sides won’t light up. Bruno, sad at the thought of ruining his new shoes, dragged his body out of bed, got dressed, and went through his usual morning. He ate his breakfast of Lucky Charms with his irritating older sister, went to school with Herr Liszt, got lunch (which was spaghettios with gold fish and sour cream) and ended the day with Herr Liszt, who was droning on about a piece of literature with stupid sparkling vampires, teenage romance, and car accidents killing angtsy teens while Bruno was coloring in his Hello Kitty’s Island Adventure coloring book. When his lessons were done and Gretel stole his coloring book to make paper airplanes, Bruno decided to go visit his friend, Shmuel. He put on his helmet, boots, biker’s cape and headed out to his motorcycle. Bruno loved his motorcycle more than almost anything. It was a birthday present from the Fury (whom he did not like very much, but at least he gave good presents.) It was painted jet black and had ghostly skulls painted across it. Black wasn’t particularly his choice of color, but the skulls were neat. Once outside, Bruno walked to the...
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...War is a military response to a political situation. War and the battles which comprise those wars are often recorded in history, and those wars seem to be embedded into the human condition. Plato said, "Only the dead have seen the end of war." So as long as humans are around, there will be war, and therefore, people to tell the stories of the wars and the battles that are part of our history. The broad specter of war is often recorded as sterilized and impersonal narration dealing with politics, strategies and reasoning to explain the how and the why of battles. Such accounts are often written by historians that were not present at the battle or were safely experiencing it from a safe remote command center far from the killing. "We Were Soldiers Once...And Young" is a historical biography written by retired Lieutenant General Hal Moore and UPI Reporter Joe Galloway that recalls the events of the first major battle of the Vietnam War. The battle took place in the Ia Drang Valley between November 14 and November 18, 1965 at two landing zones northwest of Plei Me in the central Highlands of South Vietnam (approximately 35 miles south-west of Pleiku). The battle derives its name from the Drang River which runs through the valley northwest of Plei Me, in which the engagement took place. "Ia" means "river" in the local Montagnard language. The battle was fought between the US 7'th Cavalry's newly established Air Mobile forces and a mixture of Viet-Cong guerilla's and highly trained...
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...Many kinds of weapons were used in the Second World War. And of those weapons, many of them were brand new technology, developed for the war. The countries in this war all had their own special branches of technology, and used them to create weapons of destruction, ensuring their winning the battle, and bringing their soldiers home. There were three large contributors to the weapons front of the war: Small Arms, Tanks, and the Atomic Bomb. In this paper, I will explain what those weapons were, what they did, and how they fared on the battlefield. Many of the weapons in the war were small arms, used for combat between people. One of the most common small arms were pistols (World War 2 Weapons). However, they were extremely ineffective, and were only used at close range. The U.S. had some of the best pistols carried, an m1911 (World War 2 Weapons). Pistols were carried by tank crews, infantry officers, and pilots in case of an emergency. The different countries had different pistols, with the U.S. having the best one and Japan having one of the worst. Rifles were also used extensively in the war. However, many people went into battle carrying WWI rifles, which did not work as well as the newer versions....
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...The American and French Revolutions had a common goal. Compare and contrast the causes and practices of the American and French Revolution. Throughout human history, few have always controlled the lives of many. This case still exists today, as governments consisting of a few hundred people attempt to do what is best for millions of others. However, the public through an electoral process most commonly selects these decision-makers. These decision-making individuals were not always selected by the public, and in some such instances, the few that ruled over others were overthrown after their actions earned the discontent of the people. Both the American Revolution and the French Revolution can be grouped as these events. In both the American and French Revolution, the ruler was regarded as a tyrant and overthrown for the benefit of the public. Although the aims of the two revolutions were quite similar, there were many differences between them. The American Revolution and the French Revolution can be categorized as events where rulers were overthrown due to their actions; however, no matter how similar the causes, there are many differences between the events of the two revolutions. The French-Indian War of 1754 was a war between the British and the French to gain control over North American colonies. The British eventually defeated the French but owed a great debt and expected the colonies to help pay for the cost of the war. The British wished to cut down on costs in its North...
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...Battle of the 73rd Easting Headed due east on the afternoon of February 26, 1991, VII Corps was advancing with a front of four armored/mechanized divisions. In the center of this front, leading the way and conducting reconnaissance for the corps, was the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment (ACR). The 2nd ACR’s job was to locate the forward elements of the IRG divisions suspected to be in the area, fix them in place, then pass the heavy divisions of VIII Corps through their lines so that they could smash the elite Iraqi units with a single killing blow. It was a difficult assignment, made more so by the weather conditions. The winter of 1990/91 was one of the wettest on record in the Persian Gulf, and had been a major problem during the preceding six weeks of the Desert Storm air campaign. Now the wind was howling, causing a sandstorm that was grounding the Army’s aviation assets and limiting visibility to as little as a thousand meters. Air reconnaissance was limited mostly to signals intelligence data, which meant that finding where the IRG divisions were located, would be up to the 2nd ACR. Like the prairie horse soldiers of 150 years earlier, the troopers of the regiments would grope forward until they physically ran into the enemy, in this case the IRG Tawakalna Division. Generally known to be the best and most aggressive of the various IRG formations, Tawakalna was the unit that would bear the brunt of the coming battle with VII Corps. As 2nd ACR moved forward, the regiment’s...
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...these women fought even harder and acted braver than the men they were fighting with, to prove that they were just as good as the men, an example of these women is Maria Bochkareva (35). When women started to participate in more war time events, there were many of people that opposed this idea; the military thought that it was getting rid of the manliness of war, and threatened masculinity, and also some women activists thought it wasn’t really helping the cause, but this was not about equality, it was about necessity (2). With an onslaught of pressure from feminists and these women who were fighting for them the Russian government decided to make an all women’s battalion, and put Maria in charge of finding the women to join. Many women applied, but only the best got through. They named this battalion the first Russian woman’s battalion of death. The government only agreed to this because at this period in time their men soldiers stopped participating in the war, they thought making women fight would inspire or shame the men into fighting again, this was not the case. Because of this the first women’s battalion did not get the proper equipment and training necessary to be successful in battle, but despite that they did very well in smorgon, this proved them worthy (even though the government thought it may just have been luck). Other all women battalions were made after that, the main ones to this book being the second Moscow women’s battalion of death, the third Kuban women’s...
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