...simply get in the habit of projecting a budget and to put it down in writing. I have made income statements and cash flow statements throughout my employment, but I have never found myself perpetually keeping track of a budget. More specifically, a conservative cash budget seems to have the greatest benefits. Rather than living optimistically, it is an additional safety net- when speaking in the realm of finance- to live in the negative. By that I mean, to project less and in the end have more, is better than to plan for optimal income and by possible variances have less. I realize that was a wordy sentence, so yet another way to say that is: it is better to under-promise and over-deliver. The cash budget is a great tool because it tracks your budget within the parameters of variation. It is a more fluid tool for personal finance. There are “good times” and “bad times” and the cash budget keeps numerical record of both so that we can use times of less income or more expense in concert with our greater financial goals....
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...lending arrangements with banks, yet they add to the cost of financing for the borrower. Why, then, borrowers agree to such terms? What other types of alternative financing are available? The borrowers agree to such terms because they use the compensating balance to pay for non credit bank sources such as cash management services must major firms have now negotiated for banks to use the corporations collected funds for compensation and use fees to cover any short fall. The other types of alternative financing that available is letters of credit that common arrangement in International Finance, account receivable financing, a secured short-term loan that involks either the assignment or the factoring of receivables. Inventory loan, a secured short-term loan to purchase inventory. QUESTION 2 (15 MARKS) KKRE Company is producing customized cardboard boxes in a variety of sizes for different customers. The company currently has a cash balance of RM 8,000 and it plans to purchase a new machinery in the next month (November) at a cost of RM 50,000. In order to take advantage of the discount offered, purchasing of the machinery will be made in cash. KKRE maintains a minimum cash balance of RM 6,000 for unforeseen contingencies. Following is the information regarding company’ projected sales. | |August |September |October |November |December | | |RM |Rm ...
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...The importance of cash budget may be summarised as follow:-(1) Helpful in Planning. Cash budget helps planning for the most efficient use of cash. It points out cash surplus, or deficiency at selected point of time and enables the management to arrange for the deficiency before time or to plan for investing the surplus money as profitable as possible without any threat to the liquidity. (2) Forecasting the Future needs. Cash budget forecasts the future needs of funds, its time and the amount well in advance. It, thus, helps planning for raising the funds through the most profitable sources at reasonable terms and costs. (3) Maintenance of Ample cash Balance. Cash is the basis of liquidity of the enterprise. Cash budget helps in maintaining the liquidity. It suggests adequate cash balance for expected requirements and a fair margin for the contingencies. (4) Controlling Cash Expenditure. Cash budget acts as a controlling device. The expenses of various departments in the firm can best be controlled so as not to exceed the budgeted limit. (5) Evaluation of Performance. Cash budget acts as a standard for evaluating the financial performance. (6) Testing the Influence of proposed Expansion Programme. Cash budget forecasts the inflows from a proposed expansion or investment programme and testify its impact on cash position.(7) Sound Dividend Policy. Cash budget plans for cash dividend to shareholders, consistent with the liquid position of the firm. It helps in following a sound consistent...
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...Cash Budget Problem (50 points) The Teletron Corporation manufactures different types of printers for personal computers. The company is planning its cash needs for the first quarter of 2006. In the past, Teletron has had to borrow money during the first quarter since sales peak during this period of time. It would like to be aware of any potential cash shortages before they occur. The Controller asks you, the Senior Budgeting Accountant, to prepare a Cash budget for January, February, and March 2006 for the entire company. Today is December 1, 2005 and you have just met with other employees from the Purchasing, Production, Marketing, and Finance departments. From this meeting you compiled the following table of information (all based on estimates). | |2005 |2005 |2006 |2006 |2006 | | |Nov |Dec |Jan |Feb |Mar | |Raw Materials Purchases |$ 20,000 |$ 25,000 |$ 25,000 |$ 20,000 |$ 25,000 | |Direct Labor Hours |1,600 hrs |1,760 hrs |1,760 hrs |2,240 hrs |1,760 hrs | |Factory Overhead Costs |$ 4,000 |$ 4,000 |$ 4,000 |$ 4,000 |$ 4,000 ...
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...CASE STUDY 3 - Cash Budget | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SCHEDULE OF EXPECTED CASH COLLECTIONS FROM CUSTOMERS: | | | Credit Sales | | | May | June | April | | (94,000 * 0.70) = 65,800 | 65,800 | | May | | (89,500 * 0.30) = 26,850, June (89,500 * 0.70) = 62,650 | 26,850 | 62,650 | June | | (75,000 * 0.30) = 22,500 | | 22,500 | Total Cash Collections | | 92,650 | 85,150 | | | | | | | | | | | SCHEDULE FOR EXPECTED PAYMENTS FOR PURCHASE OF INVENTORY | | | Inventory purchases | | May | June | April | | (195,000 * 0.60 ) = 117,000 | 117,000 | | May | | (135,000 * 0.40) = 54,000, June (135,000 * 0.60) = 81,000 | 54,000 | 81,000 | June | | (63,000 * 0.40) = 25,200 | | 25,200 | Total Payments for Inventory Purchases | 171,000 | 106,200 | | | | | | | | | | | | LBJ Company | | | | Cash Budget | | | | For the Two Months of May and June | | | | | | May | June | Cash balance | | | $20,000 | $20,000 | Add: Receipts | | | | Collections from customers | 92,650 | 85,150 | Sale of plant assets | | 33,000 | | Sale of new common stock | | 50,000 | Cash sales | | | 75,000 | 57,000 | Total receipts | | | 200,650 | 192,150 | Total Available Cash | | 220,650 | 212,150 | Less: Disbursements | | | | Purchases of inventory | | 171...
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...This is a prediction of future cash receipts and expenditures for a particular time period. It usually covers a period in the short term future. The cash flow budget helps the business determine when income will be sufficient to cover expenses and when the company will need to seek outside financing. In its simplest form, cash flow is the movement of money in and out of a business. It could be described as the process in which a business uses cash to generate goods or services for the sale to its customers, collects the cash from the sales and then completes this cycle all over again. Keeping Inflows Flowing Inflows are the movement of money into your cash flow. It's understandably the cash flow component every business wants to grow. Inflows are most likely from the sale of goods or services to customers. If you extend credit to customers for example and allow them to charge the sale of the goods or services to their account, then an inflow occurs as you collect on the customers' accounts. The proceeds from a bank loan also count as cash inflow. Delaying Outflows as Long as Possible Outflows are the movement of money out of a business. It's also understandably the cash flow component every business owner wants to decrease. Outflows are generally the result of paying expenses. If your business involves reselling goods for example, then your largest outflow is most likely to be for the purchase of retail inventory. A manufacturing business's largest outflows will mostly likely...
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...The Accounting Cycle and Accrual Accounting Concepts Accounting Information System | Journal, Ledger Accounts, and Trial Balance | Cash-Basis Versus Accrual-Basis Accounting | Accrual Accounting Concepts | Adjusting Entries, Adjusted Trial Balance, and Closing | Self-Assessment After learning about the income statement and the balance sheet in Chapters 1 and 2, we are now being introduced to the accounting cycle and certain underlying accounting concepts that influence the contents of those two financial statements. | | Accounting Information System | | Just what, exactly, is the accounting information system? Is it a room full of computers and papers? Not necessarily. The accounting information system consists of data, papers to support the data, machines to process the data, and most importantly, people to report the resulting information to those who make decisions based on such information. Every organization that is engaged in transactions needs an accounting information system. This brings us to an important term used in accounting—a transaction! But what, exactly, is a transaction? Identifying Business Transactions A transaction is any event that involves an exchange or consumption of resources. A transaction could take place between a company and external parties (e.g., purchase of raw materials from suppliers or sale of merchandise to customers), or within a company itself (e.g., a company uses supplies that were purchased at a previous date and were...
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...CASE STUDY 3—Cash Budget Template SCHEDULE OF EXPECTED CASH COLLECTIONS FROM CUSTOMERS Credit Sales May June April 94,000 x 70% 65,800 May 89,500 x 30% June 89,500 x 70% 26,850 62,650 June 75,000 x 30% 22,500 Total Cash Collections 92,650 85,150 SCHEDULE FOR EXPECTED PAYMENTS FOR PURCHASE OF INVENTORY Inventory purchases May June April 195,000 x 60% 117,000 May 135,000 x 40% June 135,000 x 60% 54,000 81,000 June 63,000 x 40% 25,200 Total Payments for Inventory Purchases 171,000 106,200 LBJ Company Cash Budget For the Two Months of May and June May June Cash balance $20,000 $20,000 Add: Receipts Collections from customers 92,650 85,150 Sale of plant assets 33,000 Sale of new common stock 50,000 Cash sales 75,000 57,000 Total receipts 200,650 192,150 Total Available Cash 220,650 212,150 Less: Disbursements Purchases of inventory 171,000 106,200 Operating expenses 15,000 15,000 Selling and administrative expenses 10,150 10,150 Equipment purchase 35,000 Dividends 20,000 Total disbursements 231,150 151,350 Excess (deficiency of available cash over disbursements) (10,500) 60,800 Financing Borrowings 30,500 Repayments (31,008) Ending cash balance $20,000 29,792 Please answer the three qualitative questions on the next tab called Qualitative...
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...Analysis of different alternatives available to Guillermo Analysis of different alternatives available to Guillermo Guillermo's Furniture Store Scenario provides the expedient case study for studying the concept of financial principle in the competitive economic environment. The current paper discusses the approach of financial management with correct application of ideas to create value and economic efficiency through analysis of financial transactions to establish the position of Guillermo in market. Current Project, High-Tech Project and the Broker Project are three alternatives available to the company to invest in right project. Financial principles, financial markets, and business ethics form a foundation for the financial decisions that managers routinely make. Guillermo’s case study shows that the arrival of new competitor from oversees have put unexpected challenges on the financial condition of the company. Guillermo has three alternatives to approach the business with new insight and action. Incremental costs and benefits are the basis for choices among alternatives where transactions have at least two sides, with each party considering their self-interest. Concept of an opportunity cost can be applied to differentiate between the value of one action and the value of the best alternative. He can invest in new technology and make furniture automatically, accurately and with almost no labor costs. So, developing expertise can create value. Other option is...
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...covered in detail in chapters one and two. Budgetary control is defined by the Institute of Cost and Management Accountants (CIMA) as: "The establishment of budgets relating the responsibilities of executives to the requirements of a policy, and the continuous comparison of actual with budgeted results, either to secure by individual action the objective of that policy, or to provide a basis for its revision". Chapter objectives This chapter is intended to provide: marketing as a key marketing control technique An overview of the advantages and disadvantages of budgeting Structure of the chapter Of all business activities, budgeting is one of the most important and, therefore, requires detailed attention. The chapter looks at the concept of responsibility centres, and the advantages and disadvantages of budgetary control. It then goes on to look at the detail of budget construction and the use to which budgets can be put. Like all management tools, the chapter highlights the need for detailed information, if the technique is to be used to its fullest advantage. Budgetary control methods a) Budget: activities in a given period of time. -ordinate the activities of the organisation. An example would be an advertising budget or sales force budget. b) Budgetary control: can either exercise control action or revise the original budgets. Budgetary control and responsibility centres; These enable managers to monitor organisational functions. A responsibility centre can be defined as...
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...FINANCIAL TECHNIQUES USED IN THIS STUDY Budget and budgeting techniques In order to properly plan and set goals, several different budgets must be created. This article discusses some of the more common budgets used by businesses. SALES BUDGET: The sales budget is an estimate of future sales. It is used to create company sales goals. PRODUCTION BUDGET: Product oriented companies create a production budget. It is an estimate of the number of units that must be manufactured in order to meet the sales goals. The production budget also estimates the various costs involved with manufacturing those units, such as labour, material, and other expenses. CASH FLOW BUDGET: The cash flow budget is a prediction of future cash receipts and expenditures for a particular period. It usually covers a period in the short-term future. The cash flow budget helps the business determine when income will be sufficient to cover expenses and when the company will need to seek outside financing. MARKETING BUDGET: The marketing budget is an estimate of the funds needed for promotion, advertising, and public relations in order to market the product or service. PROJECT BUDGET: The project budget is a prediction of the costs associated with a particular company project. These costs include labour, materials, and other related expenses. The project budget is often broken down into specific tasks, with task budgets assigned to each. CAPITAL BUDGET: The capital budget is a prediction of company needs in regard...
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...to the entire company. The budget is their plan for success. According to Noreen, Brewer, and Garrison (2011) it is a quantitative plan for acquiring and using resources over a specified time period. The budget process can seem like a tedious exercise for some, as it involves and affects all areas of the company, but in the end it enables a company to plan how it will achieve revenue goals and control costs. In the simplest of terms the budget explains how much the company should be spending to produce a predetermined about amount of product which will yield a desired profit. Through the budgeting process and the controlling of costs many company’s like American Airlines, are able to keep their costs at a minimum and profits as high as possible. A company’s master budget is actually made up of a collection of smaller budgets that detail the company’s sales, production and financial goals. These smaller budgets consist of a sales budget, a production budget or an inventory of merchandise purchases budget, a direct materials budget, a direct labor budget, a manufacturing overhead budget, an ending finished goods inventory budget, a selling and administrative expense budget, and a cash budget. The information obtained from these budgets come together to make up the budgeted income statement and the budgeted balance sheet. The sales budget shows the expected sales for the period. Noreen et all (2011) tells us that an accurate sales budget is the key to the entire budgeting...
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...Kenya Ratcliff American Intercontinental University FINA425 – Budgeting January 24, 2016 Abstract This is a research paper about financial budgets. This research paper talks about a management director would establish policies and system for a business and/or organization. This research paper will help to explain the different style of budgets, budget cycles and the guidelines rules for set up a financial budget for a business and/or organization. Unit 3 Individual Project Introduction This is a report from the management director to establish policies and systems for the new business, I Can Business Incorporated (ICBI). This report will be delivered to the board of directors of ICBI. This report will describe what a financial reporting system is and explain how management for ICBI should use an activity based budget instead of an operating budget. This report also gives examples of budget guidelines for ICBI. Describe the meaning and the components of a financial reporting system Financial reporting is the process of compiling statements that shows a glimpse of an organization’s financial “health” or status to management, investors and the government. There are four basic reports that are included in a financial report. There is a balance sheet, an income statement or sometimes called the profit & loss statement, a cash flow statement and a statement of shareholder’s equity. The balance sheet gives a detailed picture of the financial condition of a business at...
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...Personal Budget, Balance Sheet, and Cash Flow Statement ACC/547 Memorandum To: Mr. From: Mr. Subject: Personal Budget, Balance Sheet, and Cash Flow Date: Thank you for providing the details required to assist you in developing a comprehensive budget for successfully managing your personal finances and planning in advance for the future. As you have seen, our process of developing this plan for effective day to day management of financial activities required an in depth review of your personal financial records, use them to create your personal financial statements, and to create and implement the plan for spending and saving. In addition to the financial records provided, other factors are considered. These factors are your age of 40 years old, the fact that your education level is a bachelor’s degree, you are single with no dependents, never married, have worked for the same Engineering firm for the past 18 years with a stable and increasing annual salary throughout your career. I further understand that you feel like you are not quite gaining on credit card debt as you had hoped at this point in your life, and your thoughts are beginning to become more serious about your retirement and how you should be preparing, financially. Your goals of being able to retire earlier than your friends and live comfortably can be obtained. Your goal of becoming debt free before you’re 45th birthday is also attainable. This memorandum will provide a brief summary of my main...
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...support from everyone, including: parents, teachers, family, friends, and the Almighty Allah. We would like to take this opportunity to express our profound gratitude and deep regard to Ashraful Arefin for the chance to do this project. We would also like to thank him for his exemplary guidance, patience, motivation, and immense knowledge. Working under him was an extremely knowledgeable experience for us. We would also like to thank our group mates for their support and hard work throughout his project. For the preparation and the completion of the report, we have chosen a tea stall that we will base our report on. The reason behind choosing a tea stall is that it includes most of the information needed to prepare any kinds of budget starting from sales budget to the budgeted income statement and balance sheet. Every tea stall uses raw materials for production, incurs labor costs, variable and fixed manufacturing costs and selling and administrative expenses. This is why we found tea stalls the most reliable stall to prepare this report on. The tea stall we have chosen is known as “Mamun er Malai Chaa” which is located in Shantinagar bazar. Mr.Mamun, owner of the tea stall, started this stall about two years back in Shantinagar with the idea of serving people with a new taste of tea by selling Malai chaa rather than just normal tea. Within a short time, many people liked his tea and service and were impressed with the new kind of product he came up with that people in Shantinagar...
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