...Strategic procurement – an overview In the vast majority of organisations, procurement has evolved from a transactional function to one which is contributing to the current and future health of the organisation. Procurement Teams have done this by adopting a strategic approach to managing procurement. Below is a list of commonly used strategic procurement tools that will aid decision-making and support the efforts of commissioners. 1. Spend analysis 2. Collaborative procurement 3. Procurement strategy and plan 4. Category Management 5. Supplier Relationship Management 6. Supply/Value Chain Analysis 7. Competition 8. e-Procurement 9. Standard Terms and Conditions of Contract 10. Framework agreements 11. Preferred supplier lists 12. Sustainable procurement In addition the following section contains information on how to apply the tools above: 13. Applying Strategic Procurement Tools in Practice 1. Spend analysis When used at a strategic level this is a powerful and invaluable tool for identifying and manipulating detailed spend data by, for example, category, provider, cost unit and time period and combinations/permutations of these. This information is the key foundation for other strategic procurement decisions such as category management, supplier relationship management and the procurement strategy. It forms an important part of resource mapping and planning as it allows organisations and their commissioning...
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...Assess the usefulness of typologies in our understanding of religious organisations (33 marks) Religions are based upon very heterogenic principles and are structured in different ways, making them different of each other and therefore proving that they are not universal as some sociologists argue. Typologies within religious organisations have helped as to define religions and prove that they are based on religious pluralism and that they can be era-dependent, or in other ways can become outdated. Troeltsch was the first sociologist to divide religions into three different typologies; churches, sects and denominations, with very different characteristics and objectives. Troeltsch proved that some aspects of religions can be very different, like the background of members, the relationship to society or the tolerance towards other faiths and based upon this principles he divided each religion into one of his tree basic typologies. Troeltsch defines churches as large organisations with a universal appeal and defines Christianity and Islam as universalistic and as the main churches with a very close relationship with the state. Churches can have as mentioned a very close relationship with the state and the government, such as the Church of England, which has `monopolised´ the demands of the British society by becoming the predominant religion in the country. The Church of England has a very close relationship with the government, but also with the monarchy and therefore `jealously...
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...organismic self is with us from birth and strives to mature and achieve self-actualisation. The self-concept is acquired in early childhood, it is shaped by positive attitudes we receive from important others (usually parents). The self-concept usually comes into play due to secondary needs, positive regard from others and positive self-regard. An example of positive regard from others would be of a parent not paying much attention to their child telling them about their day, but as soon as the child mentions they gain high marks in a maths exam they look up and ask questions. Positive self-regard is an internalised version of the previous example. Rogers developed a warm and caring regard for his clients, letting them speak without reacting then solely reflecting feelings back to the client. ‘’good feelings are encouraged, there-by strengthening the...
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...International Journal of Project Management 19 (2001) 79±87 www.elsevier.com/locate/ijproman Managing incomplete knowledge: Why risk management is not sucient Steven Pender * SMS Consulting Group, 4/60 Marcus Clarke St, Canberra, ACT, Australia Received 1 December 1998; received in revised form 8 July 1999; accepted 14 July 1999 Abstract The Project Management Institute's Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) underpins many initiatives to improve project management practice. It is widely used for training and underpins the development of competency standards. Because of its fundamental importance, the PMBOK should be critically reviewed. This paper agues for an expansion of the PMBOK Guide's risk management knowledge area to include a wider perspective of incomplete knowledge. The PMBOK Guide deals with uncertainty through the traditional use of probability theory, however the underpinning assumptions of probability theory do not always apply in practice. Furthermore, probability-based risk management theory does not explain important aspects of observed project management practice. This paper discusses an expanded framework of incomplete knowledge, including: an expanded concept of uncertainty that acknowledges ignorance or surprise, where there is no prior knowledge of future states; imprecision arising from ambiguity (fuzziness) in project parameters and future states; and, human limitations in information processing. The paper shows the expanded framework...
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...Instructions 1. Construct a template that will be the guide throughout the writing process. This will improve how the document looks, feels and reads. Consistency in these three items is key to a good case study. 2. Draw your reader in with a unique title. It should attract the reader and make them want to read more. 3. Begin writing the paper. Start by identifying the problem that is being explored in the case study. 4. Explore the problem, including cause, effect and theory. Give as much background as possible. 5. Discuss the possible solution, and/or how this issue was specifically resolved. Tell what methods were used in the process. 6. Describe benefits of the study. Tell how the benefits overall affect the group to which your case study is aimed. 7. Utilize the general-to-specific-to-general approach. This is the approach to use because it draws the reader in, demonstrates a specific example, and then shows how it applies to the group as a whole. It also shows the reader how they can address their own problem this way. Tips & Warnings • Use facts and numbers where possible. This is specifically aimed at the benefits portion of the case study. Potential readers will be compelled with the numbers and how they are affected by them and remain interested. • Use photos if necessary. If photos are used, be sure they are professionally done so as to not sully the quality of the case study. • Have an executive sign off...
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...Defect Management |Owner: |Dr Daqing Chen | |Document Type: |Academic Report | |Document Number: |ITD-OP278-TGD-001 | |Version Number: |0.3 | |Issue Date: |2nd December 2010 | COPYRIGHT The copyright in this work is vested in BreakNeck Limited. It must not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written consent of BreakNeck Limited and then only on the condition that this notice is included in any such reproduction. © 2013 BreakNeck Limited, 33 Aldgate High Street, London, EC3N 1EA BreakNeck ONLY This document can be freely distributed within BreakNeck but should not be copied outside the company without the agreement of the information owner. TRADEMARKS All trademarks are duly acknowledged. Contents 1. Introduction 2 1.1 Purpose of this Document 2 2. Standard Terms 3 2.1 Severity & Priority 3 2.1.1 Severity 4 2.1.2 Priority...
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...The Impact of Project Portfolio Management on Information Technology Projects Sergio Ricardo Calderini London Business School Regent’s Park, London NW1 4SA, United Kingdom e-mail: scalderini.mba2004@london.edu Bert De Reyck London Business School Regent’s Park, London NW1 4SA, United Kingdom Tel. +44 20 7706 6884; Fax. +44 20 7724 7875; e-mail: bdereyck@london.edu Yael Grushka-Cockayne London Business School Regent’s Park, London NW1 4SA, United Kingdom Tel. +44 20 7262 5050; Fax. +44 20 7724 7875; e-mail: ygrushka.phd2003@london.edu Martin Lockett Ashridge Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, HP4 1NS, United Kingdom Tel. +44 1442 841025; e-mail: martin@mlockett.com Marcio Moura London Business School Regent’s Park, London NW1 4SA, United Kingdom e-mail: mmoura.mba2004@london.edu Andrew Sloper CVC The Customer Value Company 48 St Mary's Road, Long Ditton, Surrey KT6 5EY, United Kingdom Tel. +44 7768 861920; e-mail: andrew.sloper@customervalue.co.uk February 2005 Ashridge Business School UK - http://www.ashridge.org.uk The Impact of Project Portfolio Management on Information Technology Projects Abstract The ever-increasing penetration of projects as a way to organise work in many organisations necessitates effective management of multiple projects. This has resulted in a greater interest in the processes of project portfolio management (PPM), with more and more software tools being developed to assist and automate the process....
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...include audit fraud, true and fair view interpretation, auditor independence and role of internal auditors. Further, ideas have also been obtained from critical write-ups in the business magazines on the fall of multinationals. Findings – A wide range of interpretation has been given by various groups of people on their understanding of the phrase “true and fair”. This has created great confusion as to the interpretation of the audit reports. This has been proven by the fall of many multinationals and the audit pioneers, Andersens. This is one of the causes of audit fraud and it is also seen that as the auditors face an enormous challenge as they enter the twenty-first century, they should be willing to change their attitudes towards their clients. Professionalism should be in the forefront, and an overhaul in the concept of “true and fair” could probably be the solution to harmonisation of the economy. Research limitations/implications – This paper lacks statistical data on the views of the authors. It is based purely on secondary data. Practical implications – Provides awareness to the auditors, corporations and general public on the necessity...
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...The construction industry is currently in a state of turmoil – as the economic situation begins to improve, we are finding that the challenges of securing contracts and motivating people throughout the recessionary period are being replaced with different challenges including retaining people, maintaining the business ethos and controlling growth in what remains an incredibly competitive industry. Through recession and as we exit, a strategic approach to business management is key to longevity and sustainability of an organisation. In the context of Read Construction Holdings Ltd (the writer’s organisation), there are significant changes currently underway – a new business plan targeting significant growth over 3 years, new directors and ownership and a marketing strategy targeting increasingly large complex projects of a Design and Build nature. To achieve this, some form of change is required and much of this change may come through innovation. This assignment will distinguish between product, process and organisational innovation and discuss which is likely to be the most important for the growth of Read Construction Holdings over the next three years. In order to distinguish between the different types of innovation, the essay will begin by setting out a clear definition of innovation. The main discussion will go on to discuss limitations, barriers and enablers of innovation and how that might impact on the organisation, summarising which type is likely to be the most important...
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...2 APPROACHES TO ORGANISATION AND MANAGEMENT Organisational behaviour is a discursive subject and much has been written about it. The study of organisations and management has therefore to proceed on a broad front. It is the comparative study of the different approaches that will yield benefits to the manager. The study of organisations, their structure and management is important for the manager. Identification of major trends in management and organisational behaviour, and the work of leading writers, provide a perspective on concepts and ideas discussed in more detail in other chapters. Learning outcomes After completing this chapter you should be able to: ■ identify major trends in the development of organisational behaviour and management thinking; contrast main features of different approaches to organisation and management; evaluate the relevance of these different approaches to the present-day management of organisations; explain the relationships between management theory and practice; assess the value of the study of different approaches to organisation and management; recognise the relationship between the development of theory, behaviour in organisations and management practice; establish a basis for consideration of aspects of organisational behaviour discussed in subsequent chapters. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Critical reflection ‘It is often claimed that what leading writers say is an important part of the study of management and organisational behaviour. Others say that...
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...1. INTRODUCTION Hotel industry is inextricably linked to the tourism industry and the growth in tourism industry fuels the growth in hotel business. Demand for hotel rooms also increases during times of boom in the economy, due to the increase in business travellers. In India, the Ministry of Tourism is the regulatory authority for categorisation of hotels, the purpose of which is to provide contemporary standards of facilities and services available in the hotels and thereby contribute in the overall tourism experience. Under the regulatory regime, the hotels in India are classified as below. 1. Star Category Hotels: 5 Star Deluxe, 4 Star, 3 Star, 2 Star, 1 Star. 2. Heritage Category Hotels: Heritage Grand, Heritage Classic & Heritage Basic This project profile is for setting up of a 2 Star Hotel with accomodation capacity of 24 rooms. 2. MARKET POTENTIAL The hotel industry in India has witnessed significant growth over the past few years and the demand has been constantly increasing due to various factors. CARE research estimates the hotel industry in India to grow at a compounded annual growth rate. Buoyancy in economy, rising discretionary income, growing culture of weekend vacation and increased business travel are likely to propel growth in the hotel industry. Domestic leisure tourists will continue to dominate the domestic demand for hotel rooms in the low, economy and medium segment, whereas the rise in foreign tourist arrivals and business travelers will create demand...
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...| PYC4808 – ECOSYSTEMIC PSYCHOLOGY | Assignment 2 | | | Table of Contents Introduction Error! Bookmark not defined. Question 1 3 1.1 First order cybernetic principles. 3 Question 2 5 2.1 Second order cybernetic principles. 5 Question 3 7 3.1 Reality as seen by each specific approach. 7 Question 4 8 4.1 Health and pathology as addressed by each specific approach. 8 Question 5 8 5.1 Each respective perspectives means of dealing with therapy. 8 Question 6 9 6.1 The role and function of the therapist in each of these approaches. 9 Question 7 9 7.1 Critical ethical concerns raised by each specific perspective. 9 Question 8 10 8.1 Ideas on how the first- and second order cybernetic approaches can be integrated in a complementary way. 10 Question 1 1.1 First order cybernetic principles. First order cybernetics, also known as simple cybernetics, endeavours to place the individual outside of the system, to act as an observer. The individual is not seen as part of the system or in any way linked to the actions of the system. By doing this the individual tries to identify the members of the system, their characteristics, their interactional patterns as well as the boundaries which have been formed by the rules and roles within the system. Furthermore, simple cybernetics is based on the following basic principles: Recursion refers to the assumption where the focus is not on the individual but on the events and interactions between...
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...1.1 (Intro.) CS-M74 Software Product Development (2003-4) 1.2 (Intro.) Roger D Stein BSc PhD MBCS CEng CITP R.D.Stein@swansea.ac.uk Room 302, Faraday Tower 1.3 (Intro.) CS-M74 Pre-requisites • CS-M01 Distributed Programming in Java 1.4 (Intro.) Assessment Report 10% Linux / C 10% Group Project 20% Project Specification 30% Written Examination (May/June) 30% Lectures approx. 20 in total ((plus tutorials)) TB1 Tues. 9.00 Far-L ? Andy Gimblett (3 Linux + 6 C) [with CS-244] Wed. 11.00 Glyn-A ? Roger Stein (start on 5 November) TB2 Lectures Linux /C 9 Introduction 1 Ethics 1 Legal Issues 1 Project Management 2 (Group Project 2) Software Engineering 4 1.4 (Intro.) Books B. Ayres, The Essence of Professional Issues in Computing, Prentice-Hall, 1999 S Baase, A Gift of Fire, 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, 2003 B. Hughes and M. Cotterell, Software Project Management, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, 2002 R. Pressman, Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2000 I. Summerville, Software Engineering, 6th ed., Addison-Wesley, 2001 1.5 (Intro.) Why Software Engineering? “Engineering … to define rudely but not inaptly, is the art of doing that well with one dollar, which any bungler can do with two after a fashion” - Arthur Mellen Wellington, The Economic Theory...
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...cu MOVEIN BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE AND ANALYTICS REPORT me nt ap A Business Plan on the Role of Business Intelligence and Analytics for MoveIn Pty Ltd Th ink sw Do TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 2 1 -‐ Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 3 2 -‐ Role of Business Intelligence ..................................................................................................... 3 2.1 -‐ Business Intelligence -‐ Overview ............................................................................................... 3 2.2 -‐ Business Intelligence Tools ........................................................................................................ 4 2.2.1 -‐ On-‐line Analytical Processing .............................................................................................. 4 2.2.2 -‐ Data Mining ........................................................................................................................ 5 ...
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...An Analysis on How to Handle Dysfunctional Customers And how they affect on Food Servers in selected Restaurants at Eastwood City ------------------------------------------------- A Method of Research and Thesis Paper Presented to the Faculty of the Hotel and Restaurant Management Arellano University - Pasig ------------------------------------------------- In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Degree in Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management Presented By: Calinao, Loreinn G. Tierra, Alyssa Marie G. Encio, Mary Bless Estrada, Erik E. Romero, Jerry Arellano University – Pasig Pag-Asa St. Brgy. Caniogan Pasig City Approval Sheet In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management this Method of Research entitled “AN ANALYSIS ON HOW TO HANDLE DYSFUNCTIONAL CUSTOMERS AND HOW THEY AFFECT FOOD SERVERS IN SELECTED RESTAURANTS IN EASTWOOD CITY” was prepared and submitted to the College of Hotel and Restaurant Management. PROF. LOUIE REYES Adviser Approved by the members of panel on October 2014. With a grade of ____ ________________________________________ Chairman _______________ _______________ _______________ Member Member Member Accepted in partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Science in Hospitality and Restaurant Management PROF. KATHERINE GUEVARRA ...
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