...We started with the introduction to anatomy by defining it as the scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body. I have discovered that there are two basic approaches to the study of anatomy are systematic (by system) and regional (by area), the latter which is more commonly used in most medical schools. And of course studying the structure is not enough, this is where physiology comes in which is the scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things. I have known homeostasis as the maintenance of the relatively constant environment in the body but it is only now that I have learned about positive and negative feedback mechanisms which maintain homeostasis and that positive homeostasis can be detrimental at times. I’ve also learned more on the anatomical terms that will be used throughout our course and maybe even in med school. In the study of cells, I was able to recall the things we have discussed in our biological science course in the previous year. I remember the three types of solution namely hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic. I also come to know more about the different movements across the cell membrane. However I was new to the transcription and translation that happens in the gene expression of a cell. I was able to associate codons of the mRNA strand with the anticodon of the tRNA. Similar to cytology, I was also able to look back on our discussions about tissues last year. I have refreshed myself on the...
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...Cuvier, the ‘father of comparative anatomy’ laid out in his theory of ‘the correlation of parts’ that similarly appearing anatomical structures should have similar functions and this similarity should be used to group or diagnose organisms and their structures (1). Further exploration of four examples in this paper will more clearly show that the function of any ‘thing’ is related directly to the form of its construction. To exemplify this connection between form and function let’s look at the construction of the largest organ of the body, specifically the layers of tissues found in the Skin or Integumentary System, as it’s known in scientific terminology. Constructed of two major layers (Epidermis and Dermis) the skin contains several types of epithelial and connective tissues. From a very cursory examination it’s clear that the skin is a durable, flexible and strong substance. Go a bit deeper and examine these layers for a more in depth evaluation of their form and the layers of the Epidermis and Dermis clearly declare their function from their form. The Dermis, constructed of a layer of connective tissue in the Reticular Layer, underneath the Papillary layer filled with capillary networks of blood vessels feeding the Epidermis up above. The Epidermis then is comprised of multiple layers of cells comprising four or five layers made up of Stratified Squamous Epithelial tissue whose form allows for constant re-growth of new Keratinized cells ready to replace those rubbed off...
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...Nano / / Micro/ / milli / / meter / / kilo / / Mega//Giga CH1 Homeostasis- Anatomy- Anatomical Position- stands erect with feet flat on floor and ars at side with palms open and directed forward Physiology- sagittal plane-verticly thourgh body divted it right and left Observing terms Palpation- Auscultation- Percussion- Gross Anatomy- Microscopic Anot.- People Andrus Vesalias- Robert Hooke & Antony Van Leavenhook- Charles Darwin- Because of Darwin Peer review- Opposable thumbs- Stereoscopic vision- Anatomical position- Sagital plane- passes vertically through the body dives it right and left Transverse Plane- horizontaly diveds body into upper and lower Frontal plane- vertically divides front and back Directional terms Ventral- toward front or belly Dorsal-toward back or spine Anterior-toward ventral side Posterial-toward dorsal side Cephalic-toward head or superior end Rostral-toward forhead or nose Caudal-toward the tail or inferior end Superior-Above Inferior- Below Medial-toward median plane Lateral-Away from the median plane Proximal-closer to point of attachment or origin Distal-farther from the point of attachment or orgin Ipsilateral- on the same side of the body Contralateral-the opposite sides of the body Superficial-closer to the body surface Deep-Farther from the body surface Ch2 Nobel Gases- Rule of halfway- H will try to gain halfway there NA will try to lose one 2-2-8 Protons- ...
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...Biography Of Hippocrates Great Greek men such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were people who laid the foundation for modern Philosophy. These three men are always mentioned when the subject of who are the Great Greek men of the past who made a significant impact on the world. Hippocrates is another great Greek genius who made a significant impact not on Philosophy but on the field of Medicine. He is considered one of the most influential figures in the History of Medicine. He is referred to as the “Father of Medicine” because of his endless contributions to the medical field as the founder of the Hippocratic School of Medicine. He created a school which revolutionized medicine in Greece because this school would eventually establish medicine as a separate profession. He changed the perception of Greek medicine with his revolutionary vision that disease was not caused by gods or spirits but was the result of natural action. The life of Hippocrates will be discussed in further detail such as his early childhood & life, his work, and his contributions/accomplishments to the World until his death. Hippocrates was an ancient Greek physician, who is also called the "Father of Medicine". He was born on the Aegean island of Cos which is near the island of Greece called Halicarnassus during the Classical Greece era towards the end of the fifth century B.C.E, around 460 BC. Ancient Greek history also believed that he was related to Hercules through his...
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...ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I COURSE OUTLINE AHS 131 Professor: Kevin M. Costa Course Description: The study of cell structure and function, tissues, skeleton, muscular system, nervous system, and special senses. Required of all students in Physical Therapist Assistant, Surgical Technology, Medical Laboratory Technology, Respiratory Care, Nursing, Radiologic Technology and Radiation Therapy. (3 lecture, 3 laboratory hours). Required Text Book: Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, Ninth Edition Frederic H. Martini Lab Manual: Laboratory Textbook of Anatomy and Physiology, Fourth Edition Michael G. Wood, Prentice Hall, N.J. 2001 Grading Policy: 50% - Lecture 50% - Laboratory Grading System: 90 – 100% A 85 – 89% B+ 80 – 84% B 75 – 79% C+ 70 – 74% C 65 – 69% D+ 60 – 64% D < 60% F Withdrawal Policy: It is the responsibility of the student to withdraw officially from courses by filing a properly completed Drop/Add form. If you fail to file a signed form with the Office of the Registrar within 24 hours of my signing, you will receive a WU or F grade for the course. You have 24 hours to officially withdraw from the course after the return of your 3rd exam or your grade will stand as is or earn an F. ...
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...The Seven Organizational Approaches Katrinda Allen HCA/220 4/26/13 Yelena Crater The seven organizational approaches are what we recognize to be the different parts of the body in laymen’s terms. In medical terms it would be recognized as body planes and body directions, body cavities, quadrants and regions, anatomy and physiology, microscopic to macroscopic, systems and medical specialties. These are all terms that we will access that describe the anatomy of the human body in depth. Body parts are the different parts of the body that we all use from day to day. Planes are imaginary flat surfaces that divide the body into separate parts. There are three main parts to the body when it is in the plane (anatomical view) sagittal plane which is the plane that divides the body into a left and right side view. Then there is the coronal view and the with this plane the body is divided into anterior and posterior view (front and back). We then have the transverse plane which is the horizontal plane and this plane is parallel to the ground and divides the body into up and down. And last we have the oblique plane which is a slanted plane that lies between the horizontal and vertical planes. We then look at the term body cavity which is the areas in the body that contain out internal organs. There are two main cavities of the human body and they are the dorsal and ventral cavities. The dorsal cavity is what is on the posterior (back) of the body and there are different cavities...
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...about from a big bang • Creatures are ever evolving beings • Man evolved from an ape Creationism • A higher being, (God) created all life forms • Mankind was made in the image of God • God sustains all life forms. From the time I was in kindergarten I have always heard compelling arguments about the pros and cons of each belief but it was not until I took a class in Human Anatomy and Physiology, (A&P) that I was truly able to confirm that we are complex creatures made and sustained by a higher being. When one considers how organs work in perfect harmony with each other, maintaining a state of equilibrium, it is mind boggling. I will attempt to portray why I believe the theory of Creationism makes more sense than the theory of Evolution. One of the many studies I embraced in my A&P class was the contraction of a muscle. Sounds like a simple, non-complex activity right? That is until you find out what actions have to take place in order for a contraction to take place. The first activity that has to take place in order for a muscle to contract is an exchange of cellular fluid in the cell itself and the surrounding fluid which is known as cytoplasm. This exchange of Sodium and Potassium creates what is known as an Action Potential. Enzymes are then released from the axons where they would innervate with motor neurons causing the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum to release calcium into the blood stream. If the enzymes are released in...
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...Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of animals and their parts; it is also referred to as zootomy to separate it from human anatomy. In some of its facets, anatomy is related to embryology and comparative anatomy, which itself is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny.[1] Human anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine. The discipline of anatomy is divided into macroscopic and microscopic anatomy. Macroscopic anatomy, or gross anatomy, is the examination of an animal’s body parts using unaided eyesight. Gross anatomy also includes the branch of superficial anatomy. Microscopic anatomy involves the use of optical instruments in the study of the tissues of various structures, known as histology and also in the study of cells. The history of anatomy is characterized by a progressive understanding of the functions of the organs and structures of the human body. Methods have also improved dramatically, advancing from the examination of animals by dissection of carcases and cadavers (corpses) to 20th century medical imaging techniques including X-ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. Contents 1 Definition 2 Animal tissues 2.1 Connective tissue 2.2 Epithelium 2.3 Muscle tissue 2.4 Nervous tissue 3 Vertebrate anatomy 3.1 Fish anatomy 3.2 Amphibian anatomy 3.3 Reptile anatomy 3.4 Bird anatomy 3.5 Mammal...
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...healthy human body can be done in several different ways. Each way approaches the body from a specific standpoint and provides unique information about the body. Each approach divides and organizes complex information about the body in a logical way. These approaches include the following: body planes and body directions, body cavities, quadrants and regions, anatomy and physiology, microscopic to macroscopic, body systems, and medical specialties” (Turley, 2011). Body planes and body direction is one approach that divides the body into front and back, right and left, and top and bottom. The three main body planes are coronal, sagittal plane, and transvers plane. The body directions showcase the movement towards or away from the planes. The major directions are superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, superficial, and deep. “There are many times in medicine that a doctor has to record information in a medical record or tell another doctor the exact body part or location of disorders or damage to your body or an organ. To do that, there are standard terms for describing human anatomy including the body and its organs. These terms are often used to describe medical imaging such as CAT scans, PET scans and MRIs where the scans take pictures of the body in flat slices” (Media Partners, 2011). Body cavities are spaces that help protect and support organs. There are five major cavities of the body which are the cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal...
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...Clinical Notes The Visible Human Project p. 7 Homeostasis and Disease p. 13 An Introduction to Studying the Human Body This textbook will serve as an introduction to the inner workings of your body, providing information about both its structure and its function. Many of the students who use this book are preparing for careers in health-related fields—but regardless of your career choice, you will find the information within these pages relevant to your future. You do, after all, live in a human body! Being human, you most likely have a seemingly insatiable curiosity—and few subjects arouse so much curiosity as our own bodies. The study of anatomy and physiology will provide answers to many questions regarding the functioning of your body in both health and disease. Although we will be focusing on the human body, the principles we will learn apply to other living things as well. Our world contains an enormous diversity of living organisms that vary widely in appearance and lifestyle. One aim of biology—the science of life—is to discover the unity and the patterns that underlie this diversity, and thereby shed light on what we have in common with other living things. Animals can be classified according to their shared characteristics, and birds, fish, and humans are members of a group called the vertebrates, characterized by a segmented vertebral column. The shared characteristics and organizational patterns provide useful clues about how these animals have evolved over time...
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...1: The Human Body: An Orientation I. An Overview of Anatomy and Physiology (pp. 1–3) A. Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to each other, and physiology is the study of the function of body parts (p. 2). B. Topics of Anatomy (p. 2) 1. Gross (macroscopic) anatomy is the study of structures large enough to be seen with the naked eye. a. Regional anatomy is the study of all body structures in a given body region. b. Systemic anatomy is the study of all structures in a body system. c. Surface anatomy is the study of internal body structures as they relate to the overlying skin. 2. Microscopic anatomy is the study of structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. a. Cytology is the study of individual cells. b. Histology is the study of tissues. 3. Developmental anatomy is the study of the change in body structures over the course of a lifetime; embryology focuses on development that occurs before birth. 4. Specialized Branches of Anatomy a. Pathological anatomy is the study of structural changes associated with disease. b. Radiographic anatomy is the study of internal structures using specialized visualization techniques. c. Molecular biology is the study of biological molecules. 5. Essential tools for studying anatomy are the mastery of medical terminology and the development of keen observational skills. ...
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...Seven Organizational Approaches Paper HCA/220 January 29, 2012 Seven Organizational Approaches Paper The seven organizational approaches to studying the human body include: body plans and directions, body cavities, quadrants and regions, anatomy and physiology, microscopic-to-macroscopic, body systems, and medical specialty. The body planes and directions approach is the division of the body into sections from front to back, right and left, top and bottom, along with the movement toward or away from the body planes. The Coronal Plane or frontal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into front and back sections. The front of the body is known as the anterior or ventral section and the back of the body is known as the posterior or dorsal section. The Sagittal Plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sections. The body directions represent the movement toward or away from the midline. Moving from the side of the body toward the midline is moving in a medial direction. Moving from the midline toward the side of the body is moving in a lateral direction. These types of approaches may be used to take images from a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. The Transverse Plane is a horizontal plane that divides the body into top and bottom sections. The superior is the upper half of the body and the inferior is the lower half. Moving from the trunk of the body toward the end of a body limb is moving in a distal direction. Moving...
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...Seven Organizational Approaches Paper Hca 220 * Body planes and body direction * Body cavities * Quadrants and regions * Anatomy and physiology * Microscopic to macroscopic * Body system * Medical specialties Body planes and body direction are splitting up in the body and divided into sections from top to bottom, from left to right and from front to back. These three groups are called transverse plane, coronal plane, and midsagittal plane. The approach that is used while studying these organs and there functions of specifics regions that’s in the body such as the brain, joint & tendons, and the lungs. The body cavities are the study body cavities and the study of organs in the cavities. This method is used in the study of certain organs in the body and the way diseases can affect different organs in your body. The quadrants and regions are what divided the low torso into four groups and into nine regions that recognize areas were the inner organs are located. This method is a good key point to uses while doing a physical exam of inner organs. Anatomy and physiology studies the body and the way the body works. Also the study of how the cells function in the body. This is a huge approach to uses when conducting a study of the body, cells, and the study of nervous system. Microscopic and Macroscopic are the studies of the tiny parts in the body and how they can form together and make bigger parts. They use this approach when studying the combination that makes organ...
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...Paper Cynthia Tharp HCA/220 September 29, 2013 Kera Neighbors Seven Organizational Approaches Paper Body planes and body directions Body cavities Quadrants and regions Anatomy and physiology Microscopic to macroscopic Body systems Medical specialties. Body planes and body direction are splitting up in the body and divided into sections from front to back, left to right, and top to bottom. Transverse plane, coronal plane, and mid sagittal plane are such three groups. The brain, joint & tendons, and the lungs will be studied and the organs and there functions of specifics regions that’s in the body. The study of organs in the cavities of the study body cavities in the study of body cavities. This method is used in the study of certain organs in the body and the way diseases can affect different organs in your body. The quadrants and regions are what divided the low torso into four groups and into nine regions that recognize areas were the inner organs are located. This method is a good key point to uses while doing a physical exam of inner organs. Anatomy and physiology studies the body and the way the body works. Also the study of how the cells function in the body. This is a huge approach to uses when conducting a study of the body, cells, and the study of nervous system. Microscopic and Macroscopic are the studies of the tiny parts in the body and how they can form together and make bigger parts. They use this approach when studying...
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...1.1: Discuss, with the use of diagrams, the main anatomical features of the human body. Include the cell, skeletal and the muscular system and any other distinct features you may deem appropriate. Your answer may include various types of tissue found in the human body. Intro The body has many different features that work together to ensure it functions as it should, and ensure it stays healthy. This includes regulating heat, transporting nutrients and fighting of foreign bacteria that may cause harm. These features also include assisting with the body’s voluntary movement and the sending of signals throughout the body that allow these functions to occur. The Cell The main function of the cell includes both transporting different materials used throughout the body. Cells are used in...
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