...Associate Program Material Cell Energy Worksheet Answer the following questions: Cellular respiration: What is cellular respiration and what are its three stages? Cellular respiration is the process by which electrons are transferred between glucose to coenzymes and then to oxygen and turns it into energy called ATP used by cells. The three stages are: 1) glycolysis 2) citric acid cycle 3) electron transport. What is the role of glycolysis? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The role of glycolysis is to split a molecule of glucose into two molecules to form a compound called pyruvic acid from enzymes located in the cytoplasm. The process of glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen. If it occurs with oxygen it is called cellular respiration and if occurs without oxygen then it is called fermentation. The reactant is glucose thus producing 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH. What is the role of the citric acid cycle? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The role of the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle) is to completely break-down glucose all the way to CO2, a waste product of cellular respiration. The enzymes for the citric acid cycle are dissolved in the fluid within the matrix of the mitochondria and two ATP’s are produced for each molecule of glucose. The end result of the citric acid cycle is 4 CO, 6 NADH, 2 ATP, and 2 FADH2 . What is the role of the electron transport system? Include the reactants...
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...Associate Program Material Cell Energy Worksheet Answer the following questions: Cellular respiration: • What is cellular respiration and what are its three stages? Organic compounds such as glucose store energy in their arrangements of atoms. These molecules are broken down and their energy extracted in cellular respiration. The first stage of cellular respiration occurs in the cytosol, while the second and third stages occur in mitochondria. In cellular respiration, electrons are transferred from glucose to coenzymes such as NAD+ and finally to oxygen; the energy released by this relocation of electrons is used to make ATP (University of Phoenix, 2008). • What is the role of glycolysis? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? During glycolysis, glucose (C6) is broken down to two molecules of pyruvate (C3). Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm (cytosol) and does not require oxygen ("Cellular Respiration", n.d.). • What is the role of the citric acid cycle? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? Coenzyme A is removed when the two-carbon compound is attached to a four-carbon compound producing a six-carbon compound (citrate). Each citrate molecule undergoes a series of reactions that removes 2 carbon atoms which are released as CO2. In addition, 3 NADH, 1 ATP, and 1 FADH2 are produced. In addition, the four-carbon compound that began the cycle is regenerated ("Cellular Respiration"...
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...University of Phoenix Material Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Worksheet Provide a list describing at least three similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: Plasma membrane Cytosol Ribosomes Choose the chart below with two internal structures of prokaryotic cells and three from eukaryotic cells and describe their function in your own words. | |Cell Structures | | |Structure |Function | |Prokaryotic # 1 |Ribosome |Responsible for building protein according to instructions that are| | | |received from the genes. | |Prokaryotic # 2 |Nucleoid |A region where that contains coiled DNA. | |Eukaryotic # 1 |Organelles |Organelles are tiny structures that perform very specific functions| | | |within cells. | |Eukaryotic # 2 |Nucleus |An organelle that houses a eukaryotic cells DNA. | |Eukaryotic # 3 |Golgi Apparatus ...
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... Dameon Andrews Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Worksheet Provide a list describing at least three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: 1. Prokaryotic cells are smaller in size and have simpler structures, whereas eukaryotic cell are bigger and have a more complex structure. 2. Eukaryotic cells have many types of organelles, whereas prokaryotic cells lack most organelles. 3. Prokaryotic cell have DNA, which is constructed in the nucleoid region. It is not enclosed by the membrane; the eukaryotic cells have DNA and are in the nucleus, which is enclosed by the membrane. Choose two internal structures of prokaryotic cells and three from eukaryotic cells and describe their function in your own words. |Cell Structures | |Structure |Function | |Golgi (Golgi complex or Golgi apparatus) |It is responsible for processing, packaging, and transporting synthesized proteins to | | |other parts of the cell. | |Mitochondrion |It the powerhouse of the cell and is job is to produce energy for the cell. | |Ribosome |Protein are...
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... | | |SCI/230 Version 7 | | |Introduction to Life Science | Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course applies a broad, conceptual understanding of biology. Students are introduced to scientific ideologies and concepts that not only shape our biological world, but also shape us as humans. Students examine the scientific method, evolution and biodiversity, the biology of cells, energy systems, the dynamics of inheritance, and the effect humans have on the environment. The text emphasizes methods and the theoretical foundations of ideas, while minimizing isolated facts. It stresses the integration of ideas, making connections that form our understanding of the living world. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies...
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...consist of problems related to calculations. In order to prepare best for this exam, please review ALL of the items listed on this outline. Use your notes, previous tests, and quizzes, the curriculum (See USB), worksheets, and drills. 1. Unit 1.1: Mechanisms POWER POINTS: Simple Machines – Lever, Wheel and Axle, and Pulley Simple Machines – Inclined Plane, Wedge, and Screw Gears, Pulley Drives, and Sprockets WORD DOCUMENTS: Activity 1.1.2 Simple Machine Practice Problems Activity 1.1.3 Gears Activity 1.1.4 Pulley Drives and Sprockets Activity 1.1.5 Gears, Pulley Drives, and Sprockets Practice Problems Note: Review calculating: MA, moments(POWER POINT IN 2.1), effort, resistance, mecahnical efficiceny of a winch system, compund gear systems, etc.) 2. Unit 1.2: Energy Sources POWER POINTS: Energy Sources Introduction to Electricity Work, Energy, and Power WORD DOCUMENTS: Activity 1.2.1 Energy Sources Activity 1.2.2 Energy Distribution Activity 1.2.3 Electrical Circuits Activity 1.2.4 Circuit Calculations Activity 1.2.5a Mechanical...
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...Associate Level Material Appendix B Fundamentals of Biology Worksheet You are beginning a journey in the world of biology. Completing this worksheet will prepare you with the background knowledge necessary for understanding this world! What Are the Major Theories of Biology? The major theories of biology have been tested over years and provide information helping you to understand the science of biology. For each theory, list the name of the person or persons known for scientifically testing each theory, the approximate date they experimented with the theory, and a sentence or two to describe the theory. Bioenergetics: Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, late 18th century, it’s the study of science that explains the energy used to operate life Biological classification: Carolus Linneaus, late 18th century, it’s the way living organisms are classified according to similarities and differences Cells: Matthias Schleiden & Theodor Schwann, beginning of the 17th century, all organisms are made up of these tiny units that come from preexisting cells and make up living organisms Ecosystems: discovered by a wide range of scientists, 20th century, this is where organisms interact with other organisms in their environment and the changes they experience while in this environment Evolution by natural selection: Charles Darwin, , the theory that species change or evolve over time Homeostasis: Claude Bernard, mid-19th century, the theory that organisms tolerate...
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...Cell Organelles Worksheet Complete the following table by writing the name of the cell part or organelle in the right hand column that matches the structure/function in the left hand column. A cell part may be used more than once. |Structure/Function |Cell Part | |Stores material within the cell |Vacuole | |Closely stacked, flattened sacs (plants only) |Chloroplasts | |The sites of protein synthesis |Ribosome | |Transports materials within the cell |Vesicles | |The region inside the cell except for the nucleus |Cytoplasm | |Organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell |Nucleus | |Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plants their green color |Chloropasts | |Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and...
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...Associate Program Material Cell Energy Worksheet Answer the following questions: Cellular respiration: • What is cellular respiration and what are its three stages? Cellular respiration is the aerobic harvesting of a chemical energy from organic fuel. The three stages are glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport. • What is the role of glycolysis? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The role of glycolysis is splitting sugar into two parts. This allows the cells to make ATP. When the splitting of the two molecules of ATP happen they turn into two molecules of pyruvic acid and the two electrons carrying NADH are produce. • What is the role of the citric acid cycle? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The role of the citric acid cycle is to reduce and carry electrons that are high in energy to the next stage. In this stage, glycolysis is converted to acetyl CoA by creating many compounds that can store the high-energy electrons along the ATP molecules. • What is the role of the electron transport system? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The electron transport system transfers the electrons through electron carriers. The energy that is released by electrons pumps hydrogen ions across the inner membranes of the mitchondrin, thus creating high hydrogen ion concentration. ...
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...Associate Level Material Appendix B Fundamentals of Biology Worksheet You are beginning a journey in the world of biology. Completing this worksheet will prepare you with the background knowledge necessary for understanding this world! What Are the Major Theories of Biology? The major theories of biology have been tested over years and provide information helping you to understand the science of biology. For each theory, list the name of the person or persons known for scientifically testing each theory, the approximate date they experimented with the theory, and a sentence or two to describe the theory. Bioenergetics: Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier Late 18th century Chemistry of Life was placed in a context of a larger understanding of chemistry and energetic. Biological classification: Carolus Linneaus late 18th century Organisms are classified according to their similarities and differences. Cells: Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann beginning of the 17th century All organisms are made of cells and all cells are made of preexisting cells. Ecosystems: no identifiable parent but a group of people- 20th century Organisms interact with each other and other things in their environment and changes in their environment change other things as well. Everything works together to keep that environment going right. Evolution by natural selection: Charles Darwin- mid 19th century Species are able to evolve over time and only the strongest will...
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...University of Phoenix Material Earth’s Dynamic Ocean and Atmosphere I Worksheet From Visualizing Earth Science, by Merali, Z., and Skinner, B. J, 2009, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Copyright 2009 by Wiley. Adapted with permission. Part 1 Sections 12.1 and 12.2 of the text discuss the origin and composition of the world ocean’s seawater. What is the current theory on the evolution of the world ocean? Discuss the origin of the salinity of seawater and how the ocean maintains salinity. A: The current theory on the evolution of the worlds ocean is that, it was possibly formed between four, and four and a half billion years ago. The oldest grain found was a grain called zircon. It was found in Australia. That element shows to have made contact with water, yet the origin of the water is still undetermined. Salinity of sea water is created as salt water evaporates. When sea water evaporates, three quarters of what is left is sodium chloride, which is table salt. The ocean maintains its salinity because it is constantly receiving fresh water from precipitation and tributaries. Minerals are also used by many different forms of sea life, thus resulting in sea water maintaining its salinity. Part 2 Surface currents obtain their energy from the wind blowing over the surface waters. The currents do not exactly follow the wind direction because of an apparent force known as the Coriolis force. Using Figure 12.11 from the text, briefly explain surface currents of the world ocean and how the Coriolis...
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...ffffffffUniversity of Phoenix Material Week 4 Health Care Terms Worksheet Understanding health care terms is a prerequisite for both academic and professional success. This assignment is intended to ensure you understand some of the basic terms used in this course. Complete the worksheet according to the following guidelines: In the space provided, write each term’s definition. You must define the term in your own words. In the space provided after each term’s definition, use the term in a sentence as it applies to the health care industry. You may wish to consider the following: How has it influenced heath care? What role has the term played as health care developed over the years? Save the completed worksheet as a Microsoft® Word document with your name in the file name. Submit the file to your facilitator. Submitted by: Tayana Billingsley Term | Definition | Use the term in a sentence as it applies to the health care industry. | Digestive System | A group of organs working together to convert food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire body. | The digestive system allows food to pass through a long tube inside the body known as the alimentary canal or the G.I. tract. | Obesity | A complex disorder involving an excessive amount of body fat that increases your risk of diseases and health problems. | Dietary changes and weight lost can improve or help prevent the health problems associated with obesity. | Circulatory System | A vast...
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...Associate Program Material Cell Energy Worksheet Answer the following questions: Cellular respiration: • What is cellular respiration and what are its three stages? Cell respiration is the most efficient way for cells to harvest energy stored in food. It is a catabolic pathway for the production of adenosine triphosphate also known as ATP. ATP is a high energy molecule, and is also expended by the working cells. Cellular respiration occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and has three main stages which include glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport. • What is the role of glycolysis? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? Glycolysis actually means splitting sugars and occurs in the cytoplasm. Glucose which is a six carbon sugar is split into two molecules of a three carbon sugar. In the process, two molecules of ATP, two molecules of pyruvic acid and two high energy electron carrying molecules of NADH are produced. Surprisingly, glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen. In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration. Without oxygen glycolysis allows cells to make small amounts of ATP, and this process is called fermentation. • What is the role of the citric acid cycle? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The Citric Acid Cycle also known as the Krebs Cycle occurs in the Mitochondria Matrix, and begins...
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...Derrick Warren Biology 108 November 8, 2015 BIOL 108 Worksheet 2 1. Define a cell. 2. Identify (list) the two basic types of cells. 3. Would you find proteins inside cells or cells inside proteins? (choose one answer) 4. What two things make osmosis a special type of diffusion? 5. What is a selectively permeable membrane? (Also called a semi-permeable membrane.) 6. Explain what happens to a cell when placed in isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions. 7. Explain the basic organization (main components) of a plasma membrane. Include at least 4 distinct parts. 8. Identify (a) a similarity and (b) a difference between facilitated transport and active transport; do not state they both move substances across membranes. 9. What is an organelle? Which organelle is a processing, packaging and shipping center for proteins and lipids? 10. Where would you find the nucleolus? What happens there? 11. What is the role of the ribosome? 12. Which organelle digests macromolecules, worn out cell parts, debris and disease-causing microbes? 13. What structures are associated with cell movement? 14. What is the most significant difference in structure between rough and smooth ER? What type of macromolecule do each produce? 15. Which organelle makes ATP? 16. What is the most important product of cellular respiration? 17. List the three major steps in cellular respiration. (3 pts) 18. How does the body use the oxygen that we breathe? In other words, what is oxygen's final...
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...Macromolecules Review Worksheet for H Biology Part A. Classify each as a carbohydrate, protein, or lipid. 1. carbohydrate | Starch | 9. carbohydrate | Polysaccharide | 2. lipid | Cholesterol | 10. lipid | Phospholipid | 3. lipid | Steroid | 11. neither, but is a key component of a lipid | Glycerol | 4. carbohydrate | Glycogen | 12. carbohydrate | Monosaccharide | 5. protein | enzyme | 13. carbohydrate | Cellulose | 6. lipid | saturated fat | 14. protein | amino acid | 7. protein | polypeptide chain | 15. lipid | unsaturated fatty acid | 8. carbohydrate | Glucose | | | Part B. Identify the specific molecule (use the above terms) from each description. Some terms may be used more than once. 16. lipids provides long-term energy storage for animals 17. carbohydrate provides immediate energy 18. lipids sex hormones 19. carbohydrate provides short-term energy storage for plants 20. protein animal and plant structures 21. lipids forms the cell membrane of all cells 22. protein speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy 23. carbohydrate one sugar 24. protein (amino acids) monomer of proteins 25. carbohydrate provides long-term energy storage for plants 26. lipids steroid that makes up part of the cell membranes 27. *glycerol (see above) 3-carbon “backbone” of a fat 28. carbohydrate provides...
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