...based on the study of a gear pump & its manufacturing process. The project is study material type project. In that we are having a working model of gear pump. We are studying the principle of working, manufacturing process & its application. Based on this study, we are making a report which will be benefited to students who will study the subject INDUSTRIAL FLUID POWER. Working model is useful in our laboratory & useful for better understanding the working of gear pump to the student in future. Chapter 1 BASICS OF PUMPS 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 What are pumps and pumping systems? Pump is a device which is used to pumping the fluid at various heights. It is similar to the heart in the human body. A hydraulic pump is a mechanical device which converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. It provides the force necessary to move a liquid, thus transmitting power. Pumping systems account for nearly 20% of the world’s electrical energy demand and range from 25-50% of the energy usage in certain industrial plant operations. Pumps have two main purposes: Transfer of liquid from one place to another place (e.g. water from an underground aquifer into a water storage tank) Circulate liquid around a system (e.g. cooling water or lubricants through machines and equipment) The main components of a pumping system are: Pumps (different types of pumps are explained...
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...mechanics is the study of fluids and the forces on them. (Fluids include liquids, gases, and plasmas.) Fluid mechanics can be divided into fluid kinematics, the study of fluid motion, and fluid dynamics, the study of the effect of forces on fluid motion, which can further be divided into fluid statics, the study of fluids at rest, and fluid kinetics, the study of fluids in motion. Fluid mechanics is very important to engineers when observing flow in pipes, viscous effects of fluids, and the forces that act on a fluid. As a student, I am suppose to demonstrate an adequate understanding of many properties involved fluid mechanics. Some learning outcomes that must be accomplished by taking this class are: * Demonstrate understanding of fluid mechanics fundamentals, fluid and flow properties such as compressibility, viscosity, buoyancy, hydrostatic pressure and forces on surfaces * Apply Bernoulli equation to solve problems in fluid mechanics * Solve fluid mechanics problem using control volume analysis using conservation of mass, energy equation and irreversible flow * Use differential analysis of fluid flow, potential flow theory, viscous flow, Navier Stokes equations to solve problems * Perform modeling and similitude using Buckingham Pi theorem, correlation of experimental data. * Analyze flow in pipes to determine laminar and turbulent flow behaviors. * Apply energy and momentum equations to determine performance of centrifugal pumps, fans and turbine...
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...Advanced Diploma of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY COMMENCEMENT DATE: 8 February 2010 Take your existing skills in mechanical engineering or industrial technology and boost your career with practical knowledge of the latest technologies in this fast growing but critical field Ensure you and your company remain at the forefront of Mechanical Engineering Technology Through innovative e-learning participate from your home, office or facility WHAT YOU WILL GAIN: • Skills and know-how in the latest technologies in mechanical engineering technology • Hard hitting know-how in pumps, compressors, piping, seals and machinery safety • Guidance from experts in the field of mechanical engineering technology • Networking contacts in the industry • Improved career prospects and income • A world recognised IDC Advanced Diploma in Mechanical Engineering Technology Technology Training that Works AUSTRALIA • CANADA • INDIA IRELAND • MALAYSIA • NEW ZEALAND POLAND • SINGAPORE • SOUTH AFRICA UNITED KINGDOM • UNITED STATES • VIETNAM Download the detailed prospectus here: www.idc-online.com/e_learning/dmeprospectus.pdf INTRODUCTION Gain deep and broad skills by undertaking this advanced diploma in mechanical engineering technology - focusing on real, practical systems. Embrace a well paid, intensive yet enjoyable career by taking this comprehensive and practical course, delivered by live distance learning and presented by outstanding mechanical engineering instructors located throughout...
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...energy cost is one of the most important factors on the manufacturing, managing, maintenance, and etc. Energy saving is being received more and more attention. This is resulted in new invention and technology to utilize energy in the more efficient way. Moreover many new concepts on energy management are being implemented with the aim to reduce energy cost. The district cooling plant is one of many concepts involved in energy management on the air conditioning system in the buildings. The concept is to centralize the air conditioning system in the mega area into one plant. This paper presents the way to simulate the refrigeration plant by using the black box equipment model. Performance data of many equipment are collected such as chillers, pumps, and cooling towers. Data are collected at various working conditions. Thirteen configurations of chiller plant with eleven cooling load profiles are used to compare the performance of each configuration in order to provide some guidance for selecting the best suitable plant. Computer program is developed and used to analyze the performance of the plant on various equipment configurations and cooling load profiles. The cooling load profile is characterized by using the load factor parameter. The preliminary result shows a high potential for using the program to determine the best plant configuration for the specific load profile. 1. Introduction At present most of the cooling equipment in the air conditioning...
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...CHAPTER - 1 INTRODUCTION 1 INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY In the modern world of tough competition and rivalry among the companies it has become necessary that one should be able to understand each and every aspect of the functioning of the organization than only concentrating on his work alone. So in order to make students aware of the overall working of the organization the university as well as the institution has made it mandatory to conduct a detailed study into the working of an organization and also to submit a report at the end of the study. Since the industrial revolution in the early 18th century, the world has witnessed a significant growth in the field of infrastructure, industry and allied activities. In India after the globalization in 1993, the foreign counterparts started coming to India and the need for doing project was realized and now it has become an important component of economic development. Projects are defined as an economic activity with well defined objectives and having a specific beginning and end. The engineering industry is one of the second largest components of India‟s manufacturing sector over the year. This particular sector has registered an average growth of 16% during the last two decades. It includes production of the electronic gadgets and machines and drives to run those machines. Need for the study To learn about the origin and development of the company. The role of each department in an organization dealing in industrial...
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...reperfusion. (Endoh, 1996: 110-15) It is therefore essential to restore cellular energy levels between retrieval and reimplantation for NHBD livers. Previous studies have shown that perfusion prior to harvesting of the NHBD liver can restore cellular energy levels before cold storage. Total body reperfusion with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) using autologous blood after 30 min without ventilation was shown to revive total adenosine 5' -triphosphate (ATP) content in porcine livers and kidneys", Conditioning the liver with 30 min of normothermic isolated perfusion in vivo, using whole blood, has been shown to increase mitochondrial ATP content after 10 min of circulatory arrest in the porcine model7. CPB for only 10 min after 30 min of arrest, at 37°C, provided functional recovery of the heart, liver and kidney in the canine models. In the porcine transplant model, CPB for systemic perfusion with cold, oxygenated Eurocollins solution restored tissue energy charge after 10 min ofarrest9. These livers were then cold-stored for 5 h and transplanted with a survival rate of 100 per cent in the perfused group, while there were no recipient survivors in the control group (no perfusion). The largest study utilizing preharvest perfusion to salvage NHBD livers in the transplant model comes from Barcelona (Tabet, 1997: 3482-3). In this study, pigs were assigned progressive circulatory...
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...Study of Manufacturing of Turbine Blades A Summer Internship Project Report Abstract Steam Turbine is a prime mover which converts the energy associated with the steam into mechanical energy which results in the rotation of the turbine rotor. It is nearly an ideal working device among all heat engines and prime movers and widely used in Power plants and in all industries to generate power because of its greater thermal efficiency and higher power-to-weight ratio. Presently, 80% of all electricity is generated by using steam turbines alone. In this project report, I have mainly concentrated on the turbine-rotor-blades. Because, the rotor is the heart of the turbine and it affects (i.e. blading of rotor) the efficiency of the steam turbine. In this manufacturing of blades is widely focused. Key Words: Steam Turbine, Blades, Rotor BY k.sai sailender Summer Internship Program 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the possibility to complete this report. A special gratitude I give to Prof. V.Srinivas, Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, GIT-GITAM, Visakhapatnam. Furthermore I would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of the staff of BHEL Hyderabad, who gave the permission to use all required equipment and the necessary materials to complete the task “ASSEMBLY OF STEAM TURBINES” Last but not least, many thanks go to the guide of the project, Mr.VIVEKANADA MANDAL...
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...similarity. • For these enable us to apply test data to other cases than those observed. • we can obtain valuable results at a minimum cost from tests made with small-scale models of the full-size apparatus. The laws of similitude enable us to predict the performance of the prototype, which means the full-size device, from tests made with the model. for example, we might study the flow in a carburetor in a very large model. • A few examples of where we have used models are – ships in towing basins, – airplanes in wind tunnels, – hydraulic turbines, – centrifugal pumps, – spillways of dams, – river channels and the study of such phenomena as the action of waves and tides on beaches, – soil erosion and – transport of sediment. GEOMETRIC SIMILARITY • geometric similarity means that the model and its prototype have identical shapes but differ only in size. • the flow patterns must be geometrically similar. If subscripts p and m denote prototype and model, respectively, we define the length scale ratios as the ratio of the linear dimensions of the prototype to the corresponding dimensions in the model. = • Area ratio Lr2 and volume ratio Lr3 GEOMETRIC SIMILARITY • Complete geometric similarity is not always easy to attain. For example, • we may not be able to reduce the surface roughness of a small model in proportion unless we can make its surface very much smoother than that of the prototype. • Similarly, in the study of sediment transport, we may not be able to scale down...
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...GRUNDFOS A/S IN AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Case updated by MSJ Center for International Business Department of Business Studies September 2009, Aalborg University (updated August 2011) Table of Contents A. The World Pump Market: ........................................................................................................................ 3 1. Introduction: ........................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Major Markets: ....................................................................................................................................... 3 3. Technological Developments (Brief History):............................................................................. 4 4. Main applications of Pumps: ............................................................................................................. 4 5. Industry drivers: ................................................................................................................................... 5 6. Major Players and the Level of Competition: ............................................................................. 5 B. Grundfos: ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 1. Company Profile: ...............................................................................
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...hydropower, gas power, bio-gas power, solar cells, etc. One newly developed method of electricity generation is the Magneto hydro dynamic power plant. This paper deals with steam cycles used in power plants. Thermodynamic analysis of the Rankine cycle has been undertaken to enhance the efficiency and reliability of steam power plants. The thermodynamic deviations resulting in non-ideal or irreversible functioning of various steam power plant components have been identified. A comparative study between the Carnot cycle and Rankine cycle efficiency has been analyzed resulting in the introduction of regeneration in the Rankine cycle. Factors affecting efficiency of the Rankine cycle have been identified and analyzed for improved working of thermal power plants. Keywords: Rankine cycle, steam-turbine, efficiency, Feed Water Heater (FWH), irreversibility, reheat cycle, regeneration, condensers baric process, in which the pressure of working fluid remains constant. 3 to 4: Isentropic compression (Pump) During the isentropic compression process, external work is done on the working fluid by means of pumping operation. 4 to 1: Isobaric heat supply (Steam Generator or Boiler) During this process, the heat from the high temperature...
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...Chapter 2 Introduction to Rotor Dynamics Rotor dynamics is the branch of engineering that studies the lateral and torsional vibrations of rotating shafts, with the objective of predicting the rotor vibrations and containing the vibration level under an acceptable limit. The principal components of a rotor-dynamic system are the shaft or rotor with disk, the bearings, and the seals. The shaft or rotor is the rotating component of the system. Many industrial applications have flexible rotors, where the shaft is designed in a relatively long and thin geometry to maximize the space available for components such as impellers and seals. Additionally, machines are operated at high rotor speeds in order to maximize the power output. The first recorded supercritical machine (operating above first critical speed or resonance mode) was a steam turbine manufactured by Gustav Delaval in 1883. Modern high performance machines normally operates above the first critical speed, generally considered to be the most important mode in the system, although they still avoid continuous operating at or near the critical speeds. Maintaining a critical speed margin of 15 % between the operating speed and the nearest critical speed is a common practice in industrial applications. The other two of the main components of rotor-dynamic systems are the bearings and the seals. The bearings support the rotating components of the system and provide the additional damping needed to stabilize the system and contain...
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...Defining Recession A recession is a contraction phase of the business cycle where significant decline in economic activity lasts more than a few months, which is normally visible in real GDP, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales. Global Prospective The current economic recession has hardly spared any country on earth. Rich countries like USA, UK, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada- almost all the rich countries have got badly hurt from the recession. So, there is no reason to be surprised to know that Indian economy is also getting hurt from the global economic recession. Impact of Recession on Indian Economy The following graph shows the changing trend over the Years in all the major sectors which contributes the overall development of the Indian Economy • Low or No Appraisals • Salary Cuts • Layoffs • Less Hiring's • Minimal projects in hand • Declining share in global market • No Plans for Greenfield projects • No diversification or expansion Present Scenario • As per a survey of 480 Indian companies over December 2008 and January 2009 conducted by hr consultancy firm Hewitt - despite the economic slowdown, a majority of Indian companies are still hiring employees. Here are some interesting revelations of this survey • Average salary hike in India in 2009 will be 8.2% (the highest in the Asia pacific region however first time in six years that India is likely to see...
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...Study Guide Modern Plumbing, Part 1 Contents Contents INSTRUCTION TO STUDENTS LESSON ASSIGNMENTS LESSON 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF PLUMBING, PART 1 LESSON 1—EXAMINATION LESSON 2: FUNDAMENTALS OF PLUMBING, PART 2 LESSON 2—EXAMINATION LESSON 3: WATER SUPPLY AND FIXTURES LESSON 3—EXAMINATION LESSON 4: FITTINGS, VALVES, AND HEATERS LESSON 4—EXAMINATION TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE ANSWERS 1 5 7 49 55 67 73 81 85 95 99 iii INTRODUCTION This part of your program is based on the textbook, Modern Plumbing. It’s divided into 16 assignments; each assignment covers a specific area of the plumbing trade. The study material for this part of your program consists of 1. Your textbook, Modern Plumbing. It contains the assigned readings and review exercises at the end of each unit. These are assigned as self-check exercises. 2. This study guide, which contains the following features: I Instructions Instructions An assignment page that lists all of the reading assignments for your textbook Introductions to your lessons Listings of the self-check tests you should complete as part of each assignment Answers to the self-check exercises The examinations for each lesson I I I I As you now know, your textbook is covered by the reading assignments in this guide. Your textbook, Modern Plumbing, is the heart of this program. It’s very important that you read the material in the text and study it until you’re completely familiar with it. This is the material on which your examinations...
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...GITAM UNIVERSTIY (Declared as Deemed to be University U/S 3 of UGC Act, 1956) [pic] REGULATIONS & SYLLABUS Of B.Tech. (Electrical & Electronics & Engineering) (W.e.f 2012-13 admitted batch) Gandhi Nagar Campus, Rushikonda VISAKHAPATNAM – 530 045 Website: www.gitam.edu REGULATIONS (W.e.f. 2012-013 admitted batch) 1. ADMISSIONS 1. Admissions into B.Tech (Electrical & Electronics Engineering) programme of GITAM University are governed by GITAM University admission regulations. 2. ELIGIBILTY CRITERIA 1. A pass in 10+2 or equivalent examination approved by GITAM University with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. 2. Admissions into B.Tech will be based on an All India Entrance Test (GAT) conducted by GITAM University and the rule of reservation, wherever applicable. 3. STRUCTURE OF THE B.Tech. PROGRAMME 3.1 The Programme of instruction consists of: i) A general core programme comprising Basic Sciences, Basic Engineering, Humanities & Social Sciences and Mathematics. ii) An engineering core programme imparting to the student the fundamentals of engineering in the branch concerned. iii) An elective programme enabling the students to take up a group of departmental / interdepartmental courses of interest to him/her. In addition, a student has to i)...
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...TECHNICAL MANUAL For IDEal micro irrigation systems INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISES WATER & FOOD CGIAR Challenge Program on TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction................................................................................................................. 1 2. Advantages of IDEal Micro Irrigation...................................................................... 2 3. Basic Components of IDEal Drip System................................................................. 3-5 4. Basic components of IDEal Sprinkler System.......................................................... 6-8 5. Types of IDEal Micro Irrigation System................................................................... 9 5.1 IDEal Drip Systems................................................................................................ 9-11 5.2 IDEal Sprinkler Systems........................................................................................ 12-14 6. Customization of IDEal Micro Irrigation System.................................................... 15 6.1 Adjusting Length of Lateral Pipe........................................................................... 15 6.2 Connecting Additional Drip Kits to the Same Source........................................... 15 6.3 Designing a Customized System Using Simple Rules.......................................... 16 6.3.1 Design Inputs..............................................................
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