...Academic Writing 5 & 6 10/06/2010 Cerebral Palsy Cerebral Palsy Cerebral palsy is a physical disability, and it occurs when a child born. However, the parents do not know about this disability because the child does not show any symptom of cerebral palsy in the first six months. The consequences are great when a child has this disability, but the principal causes are bad medical practice, missing of oxygen during labor and birth trauma during labor and delivery such as the umbilical cord comes into of the neck. Also, cerebral palsy has different types; for instance the most frequent is spastic and mixed types while athetoid and ataxic are less common. These types are common through the world, but there are others types that the people rarely hear about. However, there are treatments for the cerebral palsy. For instance, the most important are oral medication, botox injections, physical rehabilitation, speech rehabilitation, and hands rehabilitation, yet these kinds of treatments might be a help for the child, he or she cannot be a normal person. First, the spastic cerebral palsy is a type very frequent at this time. It is a type where the child has one or more light muscle groups which limit movement. In addition, the child has a hard time moving from one position to another. Moreover, these children may have a hard time holding and letting go of objects. Second, the mixed cerebral palsy, it is a combination of the three kinds of cerebral palsy. For example, a child may bear with...
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...Various Treatments for Children with Cerebral Palsy Grand Canyon University: NRS-433V Introduction to Nursing Research Dr. Diana Naser Various Treatments for Children with Cerebral Palsy First Quantitative Study Honkavaara, M., Rintala, P., (2010), The influence of short term, intensive hippotherapy on gait in children with cerebral palsy. European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity, 3(2), 29- 36. Retrieved from: http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=a73e5036- 0d8e-4cc4-97c5-ec0c3cbd1e4a%40sessionmgr115&vid=32&hid=104 Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short term hippotherapy on functional gait changes in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Participants were two boys (ages 12 and 13) with spastic diplegia and a girl (14 yrs) with athetoid CP. Single-subject (ABA) design was used to determine quantitative changes in functional gait parameters (velocity, stride length, and cadence) following three weeks of hippotherapy. The two boys demonstrated improvement in stride length and gait velocity without sustained improvement in cadence. There was increase in stride length and cadence, but most noticeable improvements in velocity for the girl. The results indicated that it is possible that short-term hippotherapy may improve functional gait in children with cerebral palsy Second Quantitative Study Galli, M., Cimolin, V., Valente, E., Crivellini, M., Ialongo, T., Albertini, G. (2006). Computerized gait analysis...
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...INTRODUCTION While cerebral palsy is a blanket term commonly referred to as “CP” and described by loss or impairment of motor function, cerebral palsy is actually caused by brain damage. The brain damage is caused by brain injury or abnormal development of the brain that occurs while a child’s brain is still developing — before birth, during birth, or immediately after birth. Cerebral palsy affects body movement, muscle control, muscle coordination, muscle tone, reflex, posture and balance. It can also impact fine motor skills, gross motor skills and oral motor functioning. Those with cerebral palsy were most likely born with the condition; although some acquire it later. It was once thought that cerebral palsy was caused by complications during the birthing process. While this does happen, it is now widely agreed that birthing complications account for only a small percentage, an estimated ten percent, of cerebral palsy cases. In my interview with Mrs. Rachel Kagichiri, a parent to a recently diseased CP child, she explained to me that many of the misconceptions we have about the disease should be done away with. Karanja, her son, was often blamed on her ‘negligence’ by relatives and friends who openly thought she must have done something for her son to turn out this way. Current research suggests the majority of cerebral palsy cases result from abnormal brain development or brain injury prior to birth or during labor and delivery. Accidents, abuse, medical malpractice...
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...Cerebral palsy (CP) is a term that encompasses a group of non-progressive syndromes of posture and motor problems next to lesions in the brain from early development (Appleton & Gupta, 2001). This disorder is caused by disturbances to the fetal or infant central nervous system (Jones, Morgan, Shelton, & Thorogood, 2007). There are two types of cerebral palsy, spastic and non spastic (Jones, Morgan, Shelton, & Thorogood, 2007). CP has a variety of signs and symptoms that coincide with other neurodegenerative disorders. The clinical signs of cerebral palsy are the following: muscle tone abnormalities, impaired motor coordination and control, dysarthria, and fine motor dysfunction. In some cases these are associated with cognitive impairment (Jones,...
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...The purpose of this essay is to evaluate the role of casting and it’s effectiveness in the management of lower limb contractures for children with cerebral palsy. ‘Cerebral palsy describes a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The motor disorders of CP are often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication, and behaviour by epilepsy, and by secondary musculoskeletal problems.’ (Rosenbaum et al 2007). Upper motor neuron lesions lead to the impairment of voluntary muscle function and development of increased tone or spasticity in the affected...
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...Cerebral Palsy Diagnosing Cerebral Palsy (CP), is the most common disability affecting function in children. It is described by a loss of control of coordination and muscle movements. Cerebral Palsy affects the child’s abilities such as learning, speaking, and become independent, so the effect can last through the child’s life-time. Trying to reduce the effects of Cerebral Palsy can improve the aspects of life for both the child and family. Cerebral Palsy is caused by a neurological condition ( problems in the brain and the nervous system). Specifically, it is caused by a problem in the part that is responsible for controlling muscles in the brain (1). Early age diagnosing for Cerebral Palsy is necessary, and it can take several steps: developmental monitoring, developmental screening, and developmental and medical evaluations (2). The first step of diagnosing Cerebral Palsy is developmental monitoring ( surveillance) which means to track a child’s growth and development over time. The doctor monitors the child’s...
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...Nathan Perry is a ten-year-old boy who suffers from cerebral palsy. This disease causes him the inability to perform normal actions that the majority of people do not give a second thought. He is in need of a surgery before he hits puberty and starts having massive growth spurts. There is a surgery that could possibly help him, but the cost may not make it possible for him to have it (Sydney). The cause of cerebral palsy is usually the same, there are multiple symptoms that occur, and though there is no cure, there are several ways to help treat it. Cerebral Palsy (CP) is commonly caused by a brain injury in the fetus, such as lack of oxygen before, during, or even after birth. Though research has found that in about 1 in 10 cases the cause...
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...actual efforts to research what will eventually be known as cerebral palsy. He was disabled as a child, after he suffered from polio, and received spastic diplegia which was complicated by severe talipes . Little spent most of his medical career researching various disabling conditions, which when linked together became identified as a form of cerebral palsy . Even though it was seen since the 1800s, cerebral palsy has been observed since antiquity as a group of neuromuscular disabilities. Many ancient civilizations, such as the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, have described cerebral palsy, but did not know how to treat it or even what causes it. In the 19th Century is when medical...
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...Annotated Bibliography Alagesan, J., & Shetty, A. (2011). Effect of Modified Suit Therapy in Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy - A Single Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. This source gives background information about suit therapy and how it is an effective intervention for children with cerebral palsy. Alagesan and Shetty’s article focuses on how this alternative therapy is used to improve gross motor movement in children who have cerebral palsy. In the study, thirty randomly chosen children, ages four to twelve years old, were chosen to study the effects suit therapy has on gross motor movement. Gross motor function was measured before and after the intervention, demonstrating the results suit therapy can have on children who have cerebral...
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...Annotated Bibliography Ko, M. S., Lee, J. A., Kang, S. Y., & Jeon, H. S. (2014). Effect of Adeli suit treatment on gait in a child with cerebral palsy: a single-subject report. Physiotherapy theory and practice, 31(4), 275-282. The authors of this research study are registered physical therapists, and three of the authors, Lee, Kang, and Jeon, have received higher-level degrees. Also, the study is published in the International Journal of Physiotherapy, which prints reputable peer-reviewed research articles. The main purpose of this study is clearly stated at the beginning, which reads, “the purpose of this study is to investigate the long-term effect of Adeli suit treatment in a child with cerebral palsy”. Therefore, the experimenters analyzed...
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...have cerebral palsy go to school but there are many who stay home throughout the day. Either way care is provided for children with cerebral palsy or other chronic illnesses. There are several people who are involved in the care for these children such as nurses, attendants, and therapist. In the United States it is estimated 8,000 to 10,000 babies born each year will develop cerebral palsy [ (My Child) ]. This means that cerebral palsy will occur in two point three to three point six of every 1,000 children in the United States. Cerebral palsy is the most common motor disability in childhood. It is caused by abnormal brain development or damage to the developing brain that affects a person’s ability to control his or her muscles (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Cerebral palsy occurs more frequently in Caucasian children than African American and Hispanic children. Also boys seem to be more affected than girls by a rate of one point two. Cerebral palsy is a condition that can be hard to detect until a child is about five or older the statistics are not completely clear on the demographics. However, the impact that changing demographics may not affect health care in certain areas because this condition cannot be pinned to the direct caused of this condition therefore not really knowing how it could affect health care. However, it could be a dramatic change because of the cost for research and the care and treatment for children with cerebral palsy. Children...
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...Disabilities in the General Classroom. Journal Of Learning Disabilities, 37(2), 143-154. Huang, C., Sugden, D., & Beveridge, S. (2009). Assistive devices and cerebral palsy: the use of assistive devices at school by children with cerebral palsy. Child: Care, Health and Development, 35(5), 689-708. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.00968.x Jooyeon, K., & Minyoung, K. (2013). Reliability and Responsiveness of the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 in Children With Cerebral Palsy. Physical Therapy, 93(3), 392-401. doi:10.2522/ptj.20110374 Kavak, S.T, & Eliasson, A. (2011). Development of handwriting skill in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). Disability and Rehabilitation, 33(21-22), 2084- 2091. doi:10.3109/09638288.2011.560335 Klingels, K. K., De Cock, P. P., Molenaers, G. G., Desloovere, K. K., Huenaerts, C. C., Jaspers, E. E., & Feys, H. H. (2010). Upper limb motor and sensory impairments in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Can they be measured reliably?. Disability & Rehabilitation, 32(5), 409-416. doi:10.3109/09638280903171469 Malheiros, S., de Mello Monteiro, C. B., da Silva, T., Torriani-Pasin, C., de Andrade, M., Valenti, V. E., & ... de Abreu, L. (2013). Functional capacity and assistance from the caregiver during daily activities in Brazilian children with cerebral palsy....
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...Cerebral Palsy. My mother has lived with a mild case of this disease since birth. Cerebral Palsy is a broad term used to describe a group of chronic “palsies – disorders that impair control of movement -- due to damage to the developing brain. CP usually develops by age 2 or 3 and is a no progressive brain disorder, meaning it does not continue to worsen throughout life. However, the symptoms due to the brain damage often do change over time; sometimes getting better and sometimes getting worse. CP is one of the most common causes of chronic childhood disability. (www.webmd.com). Between 35 and 50 percent of all children with CP will have a seizure disorder and some level of mental retardation. They may also have learning disabilities and vision, speech, hearing, or language problems. (www.webmd.com). There are three types of CP: Spastic CP, the most common, is a disorder in which certain muscles are stiff and weak. Dyskinetic, or athetotic, CP generally involves impairment of voluntary muscle control. Mixed CP is a combination of the two previous classifications. (www.webmd.com). Much remains unknown about the disorder’s causes, but evidence supports theories that infections, during pregnancy may damage a fetus’ developing nervous system. These include rubella (German measles), (a herpes – type virus), (an infection caused by a parasite that can be carried in cat feces or inadequately cooked meat). ...
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...Wright, writes, “Mercury is unimaginably toxic and dangerous. A single drop on a human hand can be irreversibly fatal. A single drop in a large lake can make all the fish in it unsafe to eat.” This was the opening statement in the article which first grabbed my attention, because I had not thought mercury to be such a deadly substance. After all, it is used in thermometers, so I hadn’t thought it to be as fatally toxic as Wright claims it to be. The people with the most risk of damage by mercury are unborn fetuses and children. Studies seem to show that the metal has the most negative effect on the developing brain, opposed to the mature adult brain. Some scientists speculate mercury could be the cause of autism, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, and Parkinson’s disease, amongst others. I don’t know how accurate or credible these studies are though. Throughout the article Wright states that no one is sure how little mercury can be ingested before the human body shows signs of poisoning. What scientists do know is the amount of mercury the human body cannot ingest. They found this out due to accidental ingestions of various people throughout the world. The article mainly focuses on two types of mercury: methylmercury, which is found in most of the fish, and other seafood’s we eat, and alloys,...
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...Keith Within this portfolio I will be focusing on a nine year old boy called Keith, he lives with his 55 year old mother Michelle and her partner Billy who is 60, along with his two older brothers, Richard who is 14 and Robert who is 11. The school which he attends is specialised for children who suffer from physical disabilities. Keith suffers from cerebral palsy; this has resulted in spasticity in all four of his limbs along with high muscle and postural tone, resulting in him finding it difficult to participate in all of the activities which his peers usually carry out. In terms of his intellectual abilities, he is a bright young man who is motivated to do well in his education, however he is thought to have a mild learning disability. This can cause problems as whenever he has to exert more effort into tasks, his muscle tone tends to increase. At present his personal care routine could require some assistance, although he can dress himself independently, he requires assistance to manage the fastenings on his clothes, this also applies when he goes to the toilet. He can transfer himself independently providing the seat has two sturdy arms to guide him with. He currently uses a walking frame which is on wheels, however this is causing concern now as it is becoming much more unsteady, he attends physiotherapy in order to maintain joint range of movement and flexibility and to monitor his spine. In order to maintain his mobility, it will require an increased...
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