...International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing, Vol. 1, No. 2, May 2013 Hydro turbine Runner Design and Manufacturing Fatma Ayancik, Umut Aradag, Ece Ozkaya, Kutay Celebioglu, Ozgur Unver, and Selin Aradag Abstract—This research describes a methodology for the parametric design, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) aided analysis and manufacturing of a Francis type hydro turbine runner. A Francis type hydro turbine consists of five components which are volute, stay vanes, guide vanes, runner and draft tube. The hydraulic performance of the turbine depends on the shape of the components; especially on the shape of the runner blades. The design parameters for the other components are affected by the runner parameters directly. Runner geometry is more complex than the other parts of the turbine. Therefore; to obtain accurate results and meet hydraulic expectations, CFD analyses and advanced manufacturing tools are necessary for the design and manufacturing of the hydro turbine runner. The turbine runner design methodology developed is presented using an actual potential hydraulic power plant in Turkey. Index Terms—CFD, francis turbine, runner, design and manufacturing. I. INTRODUCTION Turbines are used for hydropower generation. There are basically two types of hydraulic turbines, the first one is impulse and the second one is reaction type turbines. Impulse turbines work based on momentum principle; while in the reaction type turbines, the flow is fully...
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...Geder2, Ravi Ramamurti2, Kerr-Jia Liu3, Jonah Cohen1, Tewodros Mengesha3, Jawad Naciri1, William Sandberg2, and Banahalli Ratna1 Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 2 Laboratory for Computational Physics and Fluid Dynamics, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 3 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 1 Summary. This paper describes the design, construction, and testing of a biomimetic pectoral (side) fin with actively controlled curvature for UUV propulsion. It also describes the development of a test UUV and the design of a fin control system for vertical plane motion. A 3D unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis has been carried out to computationally optimize the fin design including a full study of the primary design parameters. The fin has been constructed and it can reproduce any specified deformation time-history. The full dynamics of the proposed vehicle have been modeled and the forces produced by the flapping fins computed. Finally, the stability of motion in the vertical plane has been analyzed and a control system has been designed. Key words. Biomimetic pectoral fin, UUV, unsteady CFD, PID control, adaptive curvature 1 Introduction Unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) have proven very useful in a wide range of applications including inspection, surveillance and exploration. Current technology allows UUVs to excel at complex operations...
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...25233-MS Fluid-Structure Interaction: Lowering Subsea Structure / Equipment in Splash Zone During Installation D.Jia, Technip, M.Agrawal, ANSYS Copyright 2014, Offshore Technology Conference This paper was prepared for presentation at the Offshore Technology Conference held in Houston, Texas, USA, 5–8 May 2014. This paper was selected for presentation by an OTC program committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper have not been reviewed by the Offshore Technology Conference and are subject to correction by the author(s). The material does not necessarily reflect any position of the Offshore Technology Conference, its officers, or members. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper without the written consent of the Offshore Technology Conference is prohibited. Permission to reproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract mus t contain conspicuous acknowledgment of OTC copyright. Abstract Successful installation of subsea structures and equipment is critical for offshore campaigns in development of deep-water fields. This paper presents a novel approach using Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) to predict wave induced motions, wave loads, dynamic stresses and deformation of subsea structure and equipments in the splash zone during installation. This approach combines transient multiphase CFD simulation...
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...85 Hydraulic turbines—basic principles and state-of-theart computational fluid dynamics applications P Drtina* and M Sallaberger Sulzer Hydro AG, Zurich, Switzerland ¨ Abstract: The present paper discusses the basic principles of hydraulic turbines, with special emphasis on the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a tool which is being increasingly applied to gain insight into the complex three-dimensional (3D) phenomena occurring in these types of fluid machinery. The basic fluid mechanics is briefly treated for the three main types of hydraulic turbine: Pelton, Francis and axial turbines. From the vast number of applications where CFD has proven to be an important help to the design engineer, two examples have been chosen for a detailed discussion. The first example gives a comparison of experimental data and 3D Euler and 3D Navier–Stokes results for the flow in a Francis runner. The second example highlights the state-of-the-art of predicting the performance of an entire Francis turbine by means of numerical simulation. Keywords: hydraulic turbines, flow prediction, stage simulation, hill chart, Navier–Stokes and Euler computations NOTATION C, c E g h at h d H H s k K c K u K w n Q R, r T U, u W, w Z a b e f g absolute velocity (m/s) energy per unit mass (m2/s2) gravity (m/s2) atmospheric pressure head (m) vapour pressure head (m) turbine head (m) suction head (m) turbulent kinetic energy (m2/s2) normalized velocity normalized circumferential velocity normalized relative...
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...Impact Analysis of Overflow Spillway on U/S Flows & Hydraulic Structure using CFD Technique – A Case Study of Marala HPP Ali Nawaz Khan1, Muhammad Kaleem Sarwar2, Dr. Sajid Mehmood3, Azhar Bashir Magsi4 1. 2. 3. 4. Research fellow and corresponding author, Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: alinawaz.ce@gmail.com, Assistant Professor, Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: eng_Kaleem@yahoo.com Assistant Professor, Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: smahmoodpk@yahoo.com Project Manager, Sinotec Co., Ltd., Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: azhar_magsi@yahoo.com Abstract Barrages and canal falls are considered as a readily available option for hydropower generation as the pre-requisites of water and head are conveniently available on such sites. Most important aspect of such scheme is to set the levels of hydraulic structures so that there is absolutely no disturbance to the irrigation flows which is the basic purpose of the barrage and canal network. At the same time finding the optimum level for the proposed structures so that the maximum hydropower benefits are yielded through the scheme without compromising the safety. Present study intends to investigate the same for Marala Hydropower Project (MHP) proposed on Upper...
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...Spring 2011, Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323, USA Using CFD to Study Air Quality in Urban Microenvironments Varun Khare Purdue University Calumet Hammond, IN, USA | Abstract The project is concentrated on the study of the plume height coming out of buildings, such as restaurants and cooling towers around the office buildings, in an urban microenvironment, along with the placement of air intakes and exhausts on buildings which can significantly affect the overall indoor air quality. Earlier studies on the effects of building air intakes have been limited to relatively simple situations, unable to treat the complex envelope of most buildings and building groups. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a tool that assists in modeling the airflow and dispersion of pollutants among complex urban geometries on the scale of a section of a building’s exterior up to several city blocks. This tool allows more accurate predictions of impacts over a range of meteorological scenarios and alternative building designs and placements relative to roadways and other pollutant sources. The steps in a CFD application are presented including geometry and mesh creation, simulation of meteorological conditions, handling of pollutant sources, and post-processing visualization. INTRODUCTION Design and placement of a building’s outside air intake is a very important building...
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...behaves like Newtonian and non-Newtonian) and is determined by various factors such as hematocrit, plasma viscosity, red blood cell (RBCs) aggregation and mechanical properties of RBCs. Also the viscosity of blood is influenced by applied deformation force as well as a shearing and the ambient physical condition (Oguz K. Baskurt, M.D., Ph.D., 1 and Herbert J. Meiselman, Sc.D.2). Consequently the plasma react like a Newtonian fluid and the whole blood behaves like Non-Newtonian fluid due to appearing of all Non-Newtonian rheology of blood which is includes deformation rate dependency, viscoelasticity, yield stress and thixtropy. As indicate the blood is complex non-Newtonian fluid various characteristics such as shear thinning, thixtropy, yield stress and...
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...UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING ENCI790 RESEARCH PROPOSAL: “An evaluation and survey of methods available for converting biomass into fuels” Candidate: Surya Sappa Supervisors: Professor John Chen Doctor Robert Kirkpatrick ABSTRACT Biofuel technologies have become more and more prominent in addressing the need for a continuous supply of fuels. Biofuels are fuels that are produced through the biological process of converting biomass/biowaste into a fuel source to reduce the negative impacts faced by fossil fuels combustion (reduction in greenhouse gasses) and availability of supply. Biofuels can be derived from a wide variety of biomass, and are categorised into four generations: First generation biofuels are made from sugars, starches, oil, and animal fats that are converted into fuel using already-known processes or technologies. These fuels include biodiesel, bioalcohols, ethanol, and biogases, like methane captured from landfill decomposition. Second generation biofuels are made from non-food crops or agricultural waste, especially ligno-cellulosic biomass like switch-grass, willow, or wood chips. Third generation biofuels are made from algae or other quickly growing biomass sources. Fourth generation biofuels are made from specially engineered plants or biomass that may have higher energy yields or lower barriers to cellulosic breakdown or are able to be grown on non-agricultural land or bodies of water...
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...Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION The project ‘Heat Transfer Studies on a 7.5 Watt LED Lighting Load using Finite Element Analysis’ is mainly concerned with the heat generated by an LED lighting load and its dissipation to the surrounding such that the LED junction temperature is maintained low. The LED chosen for this project is 7.5 Watt, which has a maximum operating temperature of around 80°C, exceeding which the LED will fail. The LED is best operated at room temperature conditions and may be just above. The project implements a specific method of cooling or rather maintaining the LED junction temperature as low as possible by using a Thermo Electric Cooling device, more specifically known as the Peltier device. The project looks into the various methods by which a Peltier cooler can be implemented such as, with or without a fan or simply a fan would provide sufficient cooling for the LED module. A Heat sink is a necessary component which is always associated with cooling electronic components. Before getting into the depth of the project detailing we will look into the basic components that have been used in the project setup which include: a. LED Module b. Peltier Cooler c. Heat Sink d. Cooling Fan 1.1 Light Emitting Diode: Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are small but powerful devices in terms of their diverse applications. LED lights assume greater significance in the context of need for electrical energy conservation and pollution control world over. LED is basically...
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...I have always strived to observe and better interpret the things around me and my curiosity has nurtured and manifested itself into the desire to pursue engineering. I was first introduced to Computer Aided Engineering watching a series of aircraft crash investigation documentaries in which official bodies would through a long unanimous process determine the causes of the crash. Due to the sheer amount of fact-gathering nowadays from reconstruction of wreckage to aircraft performance, and structures and fire-pattern investigations trajectory analysis (initial path drag and weight of subject) a lot of the former lends itself to knowledge-based virtual prototyping from the likes of computational fluid dynamics to incorporating the material behavior and properties through finite element analysis in order the virtually reconstruct the adverse event, all of which is necessary in order to run numerical simulations they managed to virtually reconstruct the adverse event and It is CAE’s multi-faceted structure that fascinates me the most, the wealth of tools makes modeling and simulation (an area of considerable expansion) more productive thus an exciting time to be a part of the industry. The vehicle is divided into smaller elements in order to be able to simulate their behavior they interconnect at different parts and add material properties all virtually. The finished calculation model corresponds in all its details to the future product and is tested virtually all without...
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...Computational Estimation of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Airships ME 399 PROJECT COURSE REPORT August-November 2013 1 November 2014 Abstract The Aerodynamics of ZHIYUAN-1 Airship with fin and Gondola has been studied using Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The various aerodynamic characteristics of airship have been successfully studied using overset grids and the computed flight parameters are then compared with the experimental data and are found to be agreeing well for small angle of attacks. The static stability of the airship has also been investigated and the aerodynamic center of the airship has been located as a part of the stability analysis. 1 Introduction Recent renewed interest in airships with varied applications in the field of advertisement, cargo transport, surveillance, communication systems, extending Internet access in remote areas is the primary motivation for this study. The estimation of aerodynamic characteristics is important for the design of control and propulsion systems of the airship. Airship analysis has traditionally been done using inviscid potential flow methods coupled with boundary layer corrections based on integral momentum methods have been used to estimate the drag coefficient of airships [1-4]. However, the application of these methods is strictly restricted to non-separating flows and flows at zero or small angles of attack. In real-life applications, the airship does encounter flow separation at large...
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...thicker than the trailing edge for a streamlined Flow. Furthermore, the blade should be as thin as possible to improve cavitation Characteristics; it is thicker near the flange becoming thinner and thinner towards the tip. In Addition, the blade has to be distorted on the basis of the tangential velocity. Blade design is the most complex thing in Kaplan turbine. It consists of six steps. 1. Velocity triangle is evaluated at the leading and Trailing edge of the blade. 2. Angle of distortion of the chord lengths (β∞). 3. Lift Coefficients. 4. Chord length to Spacing (L/t) ratio. 5. Drag Coefficient. 6. Profile. 2.1. Velocity Triangle: U U As shown in the figure different types of velocities occur as the fluid flows from the blades of this turbine. Thorough understanding of the velocity triangle (fig 1. 1) is necessary for a good design. Figure 1.1 Figure 1.1 β∞ β∞ Wu Wu Cu Cu Wm Wm Cm Cm Blade Tangential Velocity ………. (1.1) Tangential Flow velocity ……………… (1.2) Relative Tangential Velocity……………. (1.3) Relative Axial Velocity…………………… (1.4) Where, U = blade Tangential velocity [m/s] Wm= Axial Component relative velocity [m/s]. Cm = Axial Component flow Velocity [m/s]. Cu= Tangential Component flow velocity [m/s]. Wu= Tangential Component relative velocity [m/s]. ω = Rotational Speed [rad/s]. β∞ = Angle of Distortion [o]. When a cylindrical cut is set at the runner (fig 1.2) and the cut is developed into a drawing...
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...Solution to two-dimensional Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations with SIMPLE, SIMPLER and Vorticity-Stream Function Approaches. Driven-Lid Cavity Problem: Solution and Visualization. Maciej Matyka Computational Physics Section of Theoretical Physics University of Wroclaw in Poland Department of Physics and Astronomy o Exchange Student at University of Link¨ping in Sweden maq@panoramix.ift.uni.wroc.pl http://panoramix.ift.uni.wroc.pl/∼maq May 8, 2003 Abstract In that report solution to incompressible Navier - Stokes equations in non - dimensional form will be presented. Standard fundamental methods: SIMPLE, SIMPLER (SIMPLE Revised) and Vorticity-Stream function approach are compared and results of them are analyzed for standard CFD test case - Drived Cavity flow. Different aspect ratios of cavity and different Reynolds numbers are studied. 1 Introduction The main problem is to solve two-dimensional NavierStokes equations. I will consider two different mathematical formulations of that problem: • u, v, p primitive variables formulation • ζ, ψ vorticity-stream function approach I will provide full solution with both of these methods. First we will consider three standard, primitive component formulations, where fundamental Navier-Stokes equation will be solved on rectangular, staggered grid. Then, solution on non-staggered grid with vorticity-stream function form of NS equations will be shown. 2 Math background We will consider two-dimensional Navier-Stokes...
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...Chemical Engineering Science 60 (2005) 4567 – 4580 www.elsevier.com/locate/ces The effects of particle and gas properties on the fluidization of Geldart A particles M. Ye, M.A. van der Hoef, J.A.M. Kuipers∗ Fundamentals of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands Received 17 November 2004; received in revised form 8 March 2005; accepted 8 March 2005 Abstract We report on 3D computer simulations based on the soft-sphere discrete particle model (DPM) of Geldart A particles in a 3D gas-fluidized bed. The effects of particle and gas properties on the fluidization behavior of Geldart A particles are studied, with focus on the predictions of Umf and Umb , which are compared with the classical empirical correlations due to Abrahamsen and Geldart [1980. Powder Technology 26, 35–46]. It is found that the predicted minimum fluidization velocities are consistent with the correlation given by Abrahamsen and Geldart for all cases that we studied. The overshoot of the pressure drop near the minimum fluidization point is shown to be influenced by both particle–wall friction and the interparticle van der Waals forces. A qualitative agreement between the correlation and the simulation data for Umb has been found for different particle–wall friction coefficients, interparticle van der Waals forces, particle densities, particle sizes, and gas densities. For fine particles with a diameter dp < 40 m, a deviation...
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...issertationThe Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Earth and Mineral Sciences PORE-SCALE IMAGING AND LATTICE BOLTZMANN MODELING OF SINGLEAND MULTI-PHASE FLOW IN FRACTURED AND MIXED-WET PERMEABLE MEDIA A Dissertation in Energy and Mineral Engineering by Christopher James Landry © 2013 Christopher James Landry Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2013 The dissertation of Christopher James Landry was reviewed and approved* by the following: Zuleima T. Karpyn Associate Professor of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Dissertation Adviser Chair of Committee Li Li Assistant Professor of Energy and Mineral Engineering Russell T. Johns Professor of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Maria Lopez de Murphy Associate Professor of Civil Engineering Luis Ayala Associate Professor of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Associate Department Head for Graduate Education *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School ii ABSTRACT Three investigations of pore-scale single-phase and multiphase flow in fractured porous media and mixed-wet porous media are presented here. With an emphasis on validating and utilizing lattice Boltzmann models in conjunction with x-ray computed microtomography. The objective of the first study is to investigate fracture flow characteristics at the pore-scale, and evaluate the influence of the adjacent permeable...
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